Effects of autonomous motivational priming on motivation and affective responses towards high-intensity interval training

References

• Ajzen, I. (2010, December 05, 2013). Constructing a theory of planned behaviour questionnaire. Retrieved from http://people.umass.edu/aizen/pdf/tpb.measurement.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Banting, L. K., Dimmock, J. A., & Grove, J. (2011). The impact of automatically activated motivation on exercise-related outcomes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33, 569–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bargh, J. A. (1994). The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, intention, efficiency, and control in social cognition. Handbook of Social Cognition, 1, 1–40.
   Google Scholar
• Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Sallis, J. F., & Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 195, 3508–1381.
   Google Scholar
• Borg, G. A. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14, 377–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg, G. A. (1998). Borg’s perceived exertion and pain scales. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Boyd, J. C., Simpson, C. A., Jung, M. E., & Gurd, B. J. (2013). Reducing the intensity and volume of interval training diminishes cardiovascular adaptation but not mitochondrial biogenesis in overweight/obese men. PLoS One, 8, e68091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1996). Automatic activation of impression formation and memorization goals: Nonconscious goal priming reproduces effects of explicit task instructions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 464–478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Colley, R., Garriguet, D., Janssen, I., Craig, C. L., Clarke, J., & Tremblay, M. S. (2011a). Physical activity of Canadian children and youth: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian health measures survey. Health Reports, 22, 12–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colley, R., Garriguet, D., Janssen, I., Craig, C. L., Clarke, J., & Tremblay, M. S. (2011b). Physical activity of Canadian adults: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian health measures survey. Health Reports, 22, 4–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dentro, K. N., Beals, K., Crouter, S. E., Eisenmann, J. C., McKenzie, T. L., Pate, R. R., … Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2014). Results from the United States’ 2014 report card on physical activity for children and youth. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 11, SS105–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekkekakis, P., Parfitt, G., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2011). The pleasure and displeasure people feel when they exercise at different intensities. Sports Medicine, 41, 641–671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortier, M. S., Sweet, S. N., O’Sullivan, T. L., & Williams, G. C. (2007). A self-determination process model of physical activity adoption in the context of a randomized controlled trial. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 741–757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaesser, G. A., & Angadi, S. S. (2011). High-intensity interval training for health and fitness: Can less be more?. Journal of Applied Physiology, 111, 1540–1541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibala, M. J., & Little, J. P. (2010). Just HIT it! A time‐efficient exercise strategy to improve muscle insulin sensitivity. The Journal of Physiology, 588, 3341–3342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibala, M. J., & McGee, S. L. (2008). Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: A little pain for a lot of gain? Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 36, 58–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. (2012). Transferring motivation from educational to extramural contexts: A review of the trans-contextual model. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 27, 195–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L., Culverhouse, T., & Biddle, S. J. (2003). The processes by which perceived autonomy support in physical education promotes leisure-time physical activity intentions and behavior: A trans-contextual model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 784–795.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., & Ekelund, U., & Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. (2012). Global physical activity levels: Surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. The Lancet, 380, 247–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haskell, W. L., Lee, I.-M., Pate, R. R., Powell, K. E., Blair, S. N., Franklin, B. A., … Bauman, A. (2007). Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39, 1423–1434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgins, H. S., Yacko, H. A., & Gottlieb, E. (2006). Autonomy and nondefensiveness. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 283–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood, M. S., Little, J. P., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Myslik, F., & Gibala, M. J. (2011). Low-volume interval training improves muscle oxidative capacity in sedentary adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43, 1849–1856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, J., Sherman, T., Davis, L., Cawthon, D., Reeder, N., & Tenenbaum, G. (2011). The influence of asynchronous motivational music on a supramaximal exercise bout. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 42, 135–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan, M. Y., Bray, S. R., & Martin Ginis, K. A. (2009). Predicting physical activity of first-year university students: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of American College Health, 58, 45–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levesque, C., & Pelletier, L. G. (2003). On the investigation of primed and chronic autonomous and heteronomous motivational orientations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1570–1584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little, J. P., Gillen, J. B., Percival, M. E., Safdar, A., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Punthakee, Z., … Gibala, M. J. (2011). Low-volume high-intensity interval training reduces hyperglycemia and increases muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 111, 1554–1560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magaraggia, C., Dimmock, J., & Jackson, B. (2014). Motivational priming as a strategy for maximising exercise outcomes: Effects on exercise goals and engagement. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32, 826–835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markland, D., & Ingledew, D. K. (2007). The relationships between body mass and body image and relative autonomy for exercise among adolescent males and females. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 836–853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markland, D., & Tobin, V. (2004). A modification to the behavioural regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 191–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, B. R., Slama, F. A., Deslandes, A. C., Furtado, E. S., & Santos, T. M. (2013). Continuous and high-intensity interval training: Which promotes higher pleasure? PLOS One, 8, e79965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, M., Norris, J., Lobelo, F., Roux, L., & Wang, G. (2014). The cost of physical inactivity: Moving into the 21st century. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48, 171–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radel, R., Sarrazin, P., & Pelletier, L. (2009). Evidence of subliminally primed motivational orientations: The effects of unconscious motivational processes on the performance of a new motor task. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31, 657–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes, R. E., & Courneya, K. S. (2003). Investigating multiple components of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived control: An examination of the theory of planned behaviour in the exercise domain. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 129–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 450–461.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sequeira, S., Cruz, C., Pinto, D., Santos, L., & Marques, A. (2011). Prevalence of barriers for physical activity in adults according to gender and socioeconomic status. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45, A18–A19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srull, T. K., & Wyer, R. S. (1979). The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1660–1672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standage, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A test of self‐determination theory in school physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 411–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stork, M. J., Kwan, M., Gibala, M. J., & Martin Ginis, K. A. (2014). Music enhances performance and perceived enjoyment of sprint interval exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Advance online publication. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000494
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Markland, D., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Exercise, physical activity and self-determination theory: A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, S., Reading, J., & Shephard, R. J. (1992). Revision of the physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q). Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 17, 338–345.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tritter, A., Fitzgeorge, L., Cramp, A., Valiulis, P., & Prapavessis, H. (2013). Self-efficacy and affect responses to sprint interval training. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 886–890.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trost, S. G., Owen, N., Bauman, A. E., Sallis, J. F., & Brown, W. (2002). Correlates of adults’ participation in physical activity: Review and update. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34, 1996–2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Breukelen, G. J. (2006). ANCOVA versus change from baseline had more power in randomized studies and more bias in nonrandomized studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 59, 920–925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warburton, D. E., Nicol, C. W., & Bredin, S. S. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174, 801–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, G. C., Grow, V. M., Freedman, Z. R., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 115–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, G. G., Gagné, M., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Facilitating autonomous motivation for smoking cessation. Health Psychology, 21, 40–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar