The relationship between actual motor competence and physical activity in children: mediating roles of perceived motor competence and health-related physical fitness

References

• Babic, M. J., Morgan, P. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Lonsdale, C., White, R. L., & Lubans, D. R. (2014). Physical activity and physical self-concept in youth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 44(11), 1589–1601. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0229-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badr, H. E., & Moody, P. M. (2005). Health locus of control beliefs and smoking among male Kuwaiti government employees. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 11, 137–145.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnett, L. M., Morgan, P. J., van Beurden, E., Ball, K., & Lubans, D. R. (2011). A reverse pathway? Actual and perceived skill proficiency and physical activity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43, 898–904. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181fdfadd
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, L. M., Morgan, P. J., van Beurden, E., & Beard, J. R. (2008). Perceived sports competence mediates the relationship between childhood motor skill proficiency and adolescent physical activity and fitness: A longitudinal assessment. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5, 1–12. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, L. M., van Beurden, E., Morgan, P. J., Brooks, L. O., & Beard, J. R. (2009). Childhood motor skill proficiency as a predictor of adolescent physical activity. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44, 252–259. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth, M. L., Okely, A. D., Chey, T., Bauman, A. E., & Macaskill, P. (2002). Epidemiology of physical activity participation among New South Wales school students. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 26, 371–374. doi:10.1111/azph.2002.26.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouchard, C., Blair, S. N., & Haskell, W. L. (2007). Physical activity and health. Leeds, UK: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Cantell, M., Crawford, S., & Doyle-Baker, P. K. (2008). Physical fitness and health indices in children, adolescents and adults with high or low motor competence. Human Movement Science, 27, 344–362. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2008.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, B., & Loumidis, J. (2001). Children’s perceived competence and enjoyment in physical education and physical activity outside school. European Physical Education Review, 7, 24–43. doi:10.1177/1356336X010071005
   Google Scholar
• Castelli, D. M., & Valley, J. A. (2007). Chapter 3: The relationship of physical fitness and motor competence to physical activity. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 26, 358–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattuzzo, M. T., Dos Santos Henrique, R., Re, A. H. N., de Oliveira, I. S., Marchado Melo, B., de souse Moura, M., … Stodden, D. (2014). Motor competence and health related physical fitness in youth: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. Advance online publication. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker, P. R. E., Eklund, R. C., & Kowalski, K. C. (2000). Children’s physical activity and physical self-perceptions. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 383–394. doi:10.1080/02640410050074313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dan, S. P., Mohd Nasir, M. T., & Zalilah, M. S. (2007). Sex and ethnic differentials in physical activity levels of adolescents in Kuantan. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 13, 109–120.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davison, K. K., Symons-Downs, D., & Birch, L. L. (2006). Pathways linking perceived athletic competence and parental support at age 9 years to girls’ physical activity at age 11 years. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77, 23–31. doi:10.1080/02701367.2006.10599328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennison, B., Straus, J., Mellits, D., & Charney, E. (1988). Childhood physical fitness tests: Predictor of adult physical activity level?. Pediatrics, 82, 324–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Hondt, E., Deforche, B., Vaeyens, R., Vandorpe, B., Vandendriessche, J., Pion, J., … Lenoir, M. (2011). Gross motor coordination in relation to weight status and age in 5 to 12-year-old boys and girls: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 6, e556–564. doi:10.3109/17477166.2010.500388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumith, S. C., Van Dusen, D., & Kohl, H. W. (2012). Physical fitness measures among children and adolescents: Are they all necessary?. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 52, 181–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faghihimani, Z., Nourian, M., Nikkar, A. H., Farajzadegan, Z., Khavariyan, N., Ghatrehsamani, S., … Kelishadi, R. (2010). Validation of the child and adolescent international physical activity questionnaire in Iranian children and adolescents. ARYA Atherosclerosis, 5, 163–166.
   Google Scholar
• Hands, B., Larkin, D., Parker, H., Straker, L., & Perry, M. (2009). The relationship among physical activity, motor competence and health-related fitness in 14-year-old adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19, 655–663. doi:10.1111/sms.2009.19.issue-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hands, B., Parker, H., & Larkin, D. (2002, July 3–5). What do we really know about the constraints and enablers of physical activity levels in young children? School of Health Sciences: Health Sciences Conference Papers. 23rd Biennial National/International Conference, Launceston.
   Google Scholar
• Harter, S. (1978). Effectance motivation reconsidered: Toward a developmental model. Human Development, 21, 34–64. doi:10.1159/000271574
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holfelder, B., & Schott, N. (2014). Relationship of fundamental movement skills and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(4), 382–391. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y.-C., & Malina, R. M. (2002). Physical activity and health-related physical fitness in Taiwanese adolescents. Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human sciences, 21, 11–19. doi:10.2114/jpa.21.11
   Google Scholar
• Katzmarzyk, P. T., Malina, R. M., Song, T. M, & Bouchard, C. (1998). Physical activity and health-related fitness in youth: A multivariate analysis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 30, 709–714. doi:10.1097/00005768-199805000-00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller, B. A. (2008). State of the art reviews: Development of fitness in children: The influence of gender and physical activity. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 2, 58–74. doi:10.1177/1559827607308802
   Google Scholar
• Khodaverdi, Z., Bahram, A., & Robinson, L. E. (2015). Correlates of physical activity behaviours in young Iranian girls. Child: Care, Health and Development, n/a-n/a. doi:10.1111/cch.12253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalski, K. C., Crocker, R. E., & Faulkner, R. (1997). Validation of the physical activity questionnaire for older children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 9, 174–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd, M., Saunders, T. J., Bremer, E., & Tremblay, M. S. (2014). Long-term importance of fundamental motor skills: A 20-year follow-up study. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 31(1), 67–78. doi:10.1123/apaq.2013-0048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopes, V. P., Stodden, D. F., Bianchi, M. M., Maia, J. A., & Rodrigues, L. P. (2012). Correlation between BMI and motor coordination in children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15, 38–43. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Cliff, D. P., Barnett, L. M., & Okely, A. D. (2010). Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents: Review of associated health benefits. Sports Medicine, 40, 1019–1035. doi:10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, H. W. (1988). Self description questionnaire: A theoretical and empirical basis for the measurement of multiple dimensions of preadolescent self concept. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• McSwegin, P., Pemberton, C., Petray, C., & Going, S. (1989). Physical best: The AAHPERD guide to physical fitness, education, and assessment. Reston, VA: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, P. J., Okely, A. D., Cliff, D. P., Jones, R. A., & Baur, L. A. (2008). Correlates of objectively measured physical activity in obese children. Obesity, 16, 2634–2641. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nader, P. R., Bradley, R. H., Houts, R. M., McRitchie, S. L., & O’Brien, M. (2008). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from ages 9 to 15 years. Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 295–305. doi:10.1001/jama.300.3.295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., & Sjöström, M. (2008). Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: A powerful marker of health. International Journal of Obesity, 32, 1–11. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne, V. G., & Isaacs, L. D. (2002). Human motor development: A lifespan approach (5th ed.). New York, NY: Mc Graw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, K. E., Caspersen, C. J., Koplan, J. P., & Ford, E. S. (1989). Physical activity and chronic diseases. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 49, 999–1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717–731. doi:10.3758/BF03206553
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raudsepp, L., Liblik, R., & Hannus, A. (2002). Children’s and adolescent’s physical self perceptions as related vigorous physical activity and physical fitness. Pediatric Exercise Science, 14, 97–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudisill, M. E., Mahar, M., & Meaney, K. S. (1993). The relationship between children’s perceived and actual motor competence. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76, 895–906. doi:10.2466/pms.1993.76.3.895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safrit, M. J., & Wood, T. M. (1995). Introduction to measurement in physical education and exercise science (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
   Google Scholar
• Sallis, J. F., Berry, C. C., Broyles, S. L., McKenzie, T. L., & Nader, P. R. (1995). Variability and tracking of physical activity over 2 yr in young children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 27, 1042–1049. doi:10.1249/00005768-199507000-00013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallis, J. F., Mckenzie, T. L., & Alcaraz, G. E. (1993). Habitual physical activity and health-related fitness physical fitness in fourth-grade children. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 147, 890–896.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stodden, D. F., Gao, Z., Goodway, J. D., & Langendorfer, S. J. (2014). Dynamic relationships between motor skill competence and health-related fitness in youth. Pediatric Exercise Science, 26(3), 231–241. doi:10.1123/pes.2013-0027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest, 60, 290–306. doi:10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stodden, D. F., Langendorfer, S. J., & Roberton, M. A. (2009). The association between motor skill competence and physical fitness in young adults. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80, 223–229. doi:10.1080/02701367.2009.10599556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stodden, D. F., True, L., Langendorfer, S., & Gao, Z. (2013). Associations among selected motor skills and health-related fitness: Indirect evidence for Seefeldt’s proficiency barrier in young adults?. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 84(3), 397–403. doi:10.1080/02701367.2013.814910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summerbell, C., Ashton, V., Campbell, K., Edmunds, L., Kelly, S., & Waters, E. (2003). Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, (3), CD001872.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, W. C., Blair, S. N., Cummings, S. S., Wun, C. C., & Malina, R. M. (1999). Childhood and adolescent physical activity patterns and adult physical activity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 31, 118–123. doi:10.1097/00005768-199901000-00019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Telama, R., Yang, X., Leskinen, E., Kankaanpää, A., Hirvensalo, M., Tammelin, T., … Raitakari, O. T. (2014). Tracking of physical activity from early childhood through youth into adulthood. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46(5), 955–962. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The CDC. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/about_childrens_bmi.html
   Google Scholar
• The IOM. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.iom.edu/Activities/PublicHealth/AnnualMeeting/2012-OCT-15.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Ulrich, D. A. (2000). Test of gross motor development (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-ed.
   Google Scholar
• United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2008). Physical activity guidelines for Americans: Be active, healthy, and happy. Retrieved from www.health.gov/paguidlines
   Google Scholar
• Vandendriessche, J. B., Vandorpe, B., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Vaeyens, R., Lenoir, M., Lefevre, J., & Philippaerts, R. M. (2011). Multivariate association among morphology, fitness, and motor coordination characteristics in boys age 7 to 11. Pediatric Exercise Science, 23, 504–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vedul-Kjelsås, V., Sigmundsson, H., Stensdotter, A. K., & Haga, M. (2012). The relationship between motor competence, physical fitness and self-perception in children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 38(3), 394–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warburton, D. E. R., Whitney, N. C., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174, 801–809. doi:10.1503/cmaj.051351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welk, G. J., & Meredith, M. D. (Eds.). (2008). Fitnessgram/activitygram reference guide. Dallas, TX: The Cooper Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, H. G., Pfeiffer, K. A., O’Neill, J. R., Dowda, M., McIver, K. L., Brown, W. H., & Pate, R. R. (2008). Motor skill performance and physical activity in preschool children. Obesity, 16, 1421–1426. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarezade, M., Farrokhi, A., & Kazemnejad, A. (2011). [Validity and reliability of test of gross motor development in 3- to 11-year-old at Tehran]. , 4, 85–98.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, W. (2012). Sadly, the earth is still round (p < 0.05). International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 1, 9–11.
   Google Scholar
• Ziaee, V., Kelishadi, R., Ardalan, G., Gheiratmand, R., Majdzadeh, S. R., & Monazzam, M. M. (2006). Physical activity in Iranian students: CASPIAN study. Iran Journal of Pediatric, 16, 157–164.
   Google Scholar