Long-term endurance training increases serum cathepsin S and decreases IL-6 and hsCRP levels

References

• Bloor, C. M. (2005). Angiogenesis during exercise and training. Angiogenesis, 8(3), 263–271. doi:10.1007/s10456-005-9013-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheng, X. W., Obata, K., Kuzuya, M., Izawa, H., Nakamura, K., & Asai, E. (2006). Elastolytic cathepsin induction/activation system exists in myocardium and is upregulated in hypertensive heart failure. Hypertension, 48(5), 979–987. 01.HYP.0000242331.99369.2f [pii]. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000242331.99369.2f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, X. W., Shi, G. P., Kuzuya, M., Sasaki, T., Okumura, K., & Murohara, T. (2012). Role for cysteine protease cathepsins in heart disease: Focus on biology and mechanisms with clinical implication. Circulation, 125(12), 1551–1562. 125/12/1551 [pii]. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.066712
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du Bois, D., & Du Bois, E. F. (1989). A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. 1916. Nutrition, 5(5), 303–311; discussion 312–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Febbraio, M. A., & Pedersen, B. K. (2002). Muscle-derived interleukin-6: Mechanisms for activation and possible biological roles. The FASEB Journal, 16(11), 1335–1347. 16/11/1335 [pii]. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0876rev
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guidelines for cardiac exercise testing. ESC working group on exercise physiology, physiopathology and electrocardiography. (1993). European Heart Journal, 14(7), 969–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helske, S., Syvaranta, S., Lindstedt, K. A., Lappalainen, J., Oorni, K., & Mayranpaa, M. I. (2006). Increased expression of elastolytic cathepsins S, K, and V and their inhibitor cystatin C in stenotic aortic valves. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 26(8), 1791–1798. 01.ATV.0000228824.01604.63 [pii]. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000228824.01604.63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jobs, E., Riserus, U., Ingelsson, E., Helmersson, J., Nerpin, E., & Jobs, M. (2010). Serum cathepsin S is associated with serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 independently of obesity in elderly men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95(9), 4460–4464. jc.2010-0328 [pii]. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jobs, E., Riserus, U., Ingelsson, E., Sundstrom, J., Jobs, M., & Nerpin, E. (2013). Serum cathepsin S is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and the development of type 2 diabetes in a community-based cohort of elderly men. Diabetes Care, 36(1), 163–165. dc12-0494 [pii]. doi:10.2337/dc12-0494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadoglou, N. P., Perrea, D., Iliadis, F., Angelopoulou, N., Liapis, C., & Alevizos, M. (2007). Exercise reduces resistin and inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 30(3), 719–721. 30/3/719 [pii]. doi:10.2337/dc06-1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplanski, G., Marin, V., Montero-Julian, F., Mantovani, A., & Farnarier, C. (2003). IL-6: A regulator of the transition from neutrophil to monocyte recruitment during inflammation. Trends in Immunology, 24(1), 25–29. doi:S1471490602000133[pii]. doi:10.1016/S1471-4906(02)00013-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasapis, C., & Thompson, P. D. (2005). The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: A systematic review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45(10), 1563–1569. S0735-1097(05)00470-5 [pii]. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa, T., Roth, W., Wong, P., Nelson, A., Farr, A., & Deussing, J. (1998). Cathepsin L: Critical role in Ii degradation and CD4 T cell selection in the thymus. Science, 280(5362), 450–453. doi:10.1126/science.280.5362.450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neefkes-Zonneveld, C. R., Bakkum, A. J., Bishop, N. C., van Tulder, M. W., & Janssen, T. W. (2015). Effect of long-term physical activity and acute exercise on markers of systemic inflammation in persons with chronic spinal cord injury: A systematic review. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 96(1), 30–42. S0003-9993(14)00500-0 [pii]. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.07.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neves, H., & Kwok, H. F. (2015). Recent advances in the field of anti-cancer immunotherapy. BBA Clinical, 3, 280–288. S2214-6474(15)00021-5 [pii]. doi:10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberbach, A., Lehmann, S., Kirsch, K., Krist, J., Sonnabend, M., & Linke, A. (2008). Long-term exercise training decreases interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum levels in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: Effect of the −174G/C variant in IL-6 gene. European Journal of Endocrinology, 159(2), 129–136. EJE-08-0220 [pii]. doi:10.1530/EJE-08-0220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, B. K., & Hoffman-Goetz, L. (2000). Exercise and the immune system: Regulation, integration, and adaptation. Physiological Reviews, 80(3), 1055–1081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, B. K., Steensberg, A., & Schjerling, P. (2001). Muscle-derived interleukin-6: Possible biological effects. The Journal of Physiology, 536(2), 329–337. doi:PHY_12855[pii]. doi:10.1111/tjp.2001.536.issue-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, A., Deveraux, Q., Turk, B., & Sali, A. (2004). Comprehensive search for cysteine cathepsins in the human genome. Biological Chemistry, 385(5), 363–372. doi:10.1515/BC.2004.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheller, J., Chalaris, A., Schmidt-Arras, D., & Rose-John, S. (2011). The pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin-6. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1813(5), 878–888. S0167-4889(11)00042-5 [pii]. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, G. P., Sukhova, G. K., Kuzuya, M., Ye, Q., Du, J., & Zhang, Y. (2003). Deficiency of the cysteine protease cathepsin S impairs microvessel growth. Circulation Research, 92(5), 493–500. 01.RES.0000060485.20318.96 [pii]. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000060485.20318.96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sponder, M., Fritzer-Szekeres, M., Marculescu, R., Litschauer, B., & Strametz-Juranek, J. (2014). A new coronary artery disease grading system correlates with numerous routine parameters that were associated with atherosclerosis: A grading system for coronary artery disease severity. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 10, 641–647. vhrm-10-641 [pii]. doi:10.2147/VHRM.S68919
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sponder, M., Fritzer-Szekeres, M., Marculescu, R., Litschauer, B., & Strametz-Juranek, J. (2015). Physical inactivity increases endostatin and osteopontin in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart Vessels. 10.1007/s00380-015-0778-6 [pii]. doi:10.1007/s00380-015-0778-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sponder, M., Sepiol, K., Lankisch, S., Priglinger, M., Kampf, S., Litschauer, B., Fritzer-Szekeres, M., & Strametz-Juranek, J. (2014). Endostatin and physical exercise in young female and male athletes and controls. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(13), 1138–1142. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1375692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing, Z., Gauldie, J., Cox, G., Baumann, H., Jordana, M., & Lei, X. F. (1998). IL-6 is an antiinflammatory cytokine required for controlling local or systemic acute inflammatory responses. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 101(2), 311–320. doi:10.1172/JCI1368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar