Sexual dimorphism in bone–muscle relationship in young adults

References

• Ahlborg, H. G., Nguyen, N. D., Nguyen, T. V., Center, J. R., & Eisman, J. A. (2005). Contribution of hip strength indices to hip fracture risk in elderly men and women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 20(10), 1820–1827. doi:10.1359/jbmr.050519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autier, P., Haentjens, P., Bentin, J., Baillon, J. M., Grivegnée, A. R., Closon, M. C., & Boonen, S. (2000). Costs induced by hip fractures: A prospective controlled study in Belgium. Osteoporosis International, 11(5), 373–380. doi:10.1007/s001980070102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boskey, A. L., & Coleman, R. (2010). Aging and bone. Journal of Dental Research, 89(12), 1333–1348. doi:10.1177/0022034510377791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouxsein, M. L., Courtney, A. C., & Hayes, W. C. (1995). Ultrasound and densitometry of the calcaneus correlate with the failure loads of cadaveric femurs. Calcified Tissue International, 56(2), 99–103. doi:10.1007/BF00296338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownbill, R. A., & Ilich, J. Z. (2003). Hip geometry and its role in fracture: What do we know so far?. Current Osteoporosis Reports, 1(1), 25–31. doi:10.1007/s11914-003-0005-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calis, H. T., Eryavuz, M., & Calis, M. (2004). Comparison of femoral geometry among cases with and without hip fractures. Yonsei Medical Journal, 45(5), 901–907. doi:10.3349/ymj.2004.45.5.901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, X. G., Lowet, G., Boonen, S., Nicholson, P. H., Brys, P., Nijs, J., & Dequeker, J. (1997). Assessment of the strength of proximal femur in vitro: Relationship to femoral bone mineral density and femoral geometry. Bone, 20(3), 213–218. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(96)00383-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly, R. M., Saxon, L., Turner, C. H., Robling, A. G., & Bass, S. L. (2004). The relationship between muscle size and bone geometry during growth and in response to exercise. Bone, 34(2), 281–287. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2003.11.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly, R. M., Stenevi-Lundgren, S., Linden, C., & Karlsson, M. K. (2008). Muscle determinants of bone mass, geometry and strength in prepubertal girls. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(6), 1135–1141. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318169bb8d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duboeuf, F., Hans, D., Schott, A. M., Kotzki, P. O., Favier, F., Marcelli, C., … Delmas, P. D. (1997). Different morphometric and densitometric parameters predict cervical and trochanteric hip fracture: The EPIDOS study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 12(11), 1895–1902. doi:10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.11.1895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ducher, G., Courteix, D., Meme, S., Magni, C., Viala, J. F., & Benhamou, C. L. (2005). Bone geometry in response to long-term tennis playing and its relationship with muscle volume: A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study in tennis players. Bone, 37(4), 457–466. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2005.05.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, M. H., Gregson, C. L., Patel, H. P., Jameson, K. A., Harvey, N. C., Sayer, A. A., … Cooper, C. (2013). Muscle size, strength, and physical performance and their associations with bone structure in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 28(11), 2295–2304. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Kaissi, S., Pasco, J. A., Henry, M. J., Panahi, S., Nicholson, J. G., Nicholson, G. C., & Kotowicz, M. A. (2005). Femoral neck geometry and hip fracture risk: The Geelong osteoporosis study. Osteoporosis International, 16(10), 1299–1303. doi:10.1007/s00198-005-1988-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulkner, K. G., Wacker, W. K., Barden, H. S., Simonelli, C., Burke, P. K., Ragi, S., & Del Rio, L. (2006). Femur strength index predicts hip fracture independent of bone density and hip axis length. Osteoporosis International, 17(4), 593–599. doi:10.1007/s00198-005-0019-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, A. W. (2006). Important determinants of bone strength: Beyond bone mineral density. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, 12(2), 70–77. doi:10.1097/01.rhu.0000208612.33819.8c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, H. M. (2000). Why the ISMNI and the Utah paradigm? Their role in skeletal and extraskeletal disorders. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 1(1), 5–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frost, H. M. (2003). On the strength-safety factor (SSF) for load-bearing skeletal organs. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 3(2), 136–140.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glüer, C. C., Cummings, S. R., Pressman, A., Li, J., Glüer, K., Faulkner, K. G., & Genant, H. K. (1994). Prediction of hip fractures from pelvic radiographs: The study of osteoporotic fractures. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 9(5), 671–677. doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650090512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gnudi, S., Ripamonti, C., Lisi, L., Fini, M., Giardino, R., & Giavaresi, G. (2002). Proximal femur geometry to detect and distinguish femoral neck fractures from trochanteric fractures in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International, 13(1), 69–73. doi:10.1007/s198-002-8340-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gnudi, S., Sitta, E., & Pignotti, E. (2012). Prediction of incident hip fracture by femoral neck bone mineral density and neck-shaft angle: A 5-year longitudinal study in post-menopausal females. The British Journal of Radiology, 85(1016), e467–473. doi:10.1259/bjr/57130600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamrick, M. (2010). JMNI special issue: Basic science and mechanisms of muscle-bone interactions. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 10(1), 1–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamrick, M. W., McNeil, P. L., & Patterson, S. L. (2010). Role of muscle-derived growth factors in bone formation. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 10(1), 64–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaney, R. P., Abrams, S., Dawson-Hughes, B., Looker, A., Marcus, R., Matkovic, V., & Weaver, C. (2000). Peak bone mass. Osteoporosis International, 11(12), 985–1009. doi:10.1007/s001980070020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho-Pham, L. T., Nguyen, U. D., & Nguyen, T. V. (2014). Association between lean mass, fat mass, and bone mineral density: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 99(1), 30–38. doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, W. W., Zhang, H., Wang, C., Gu, J. M., Yue, H., Ke, Y. H., … Zhang, Z. L. (2012). Lean mass predicts hip geometry and bone mineral density in Chinese men and women and age comparisons of body composition. Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 15(4), 434–442. doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2012.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jokinen, H., Pulkkinen, P., Korpelainen, J., Heikkinen, J., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Jämsä, T., & Korpelainen, R. (2010). Risk factors for cervical and trochanteric hip fractures in elderly women: A population-based 10-year follow-up study. Calcified Tissue International, 87(1), 44–51. doi:10.1007/s00223-010-9382-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judex, S., & Carlson, K. J. (2009). Is bone’s response to mechanical signals dominated by gravitational loading?. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(11), 2037–2043. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a8c6e5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, C. S., Allman, B. L., Marsh, G. D., & Rice, C. L. (2002). Muscle size, strength, and bone geometry in the upper limbs of young and old men. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 57(7), M455–459. doi:10.1093/gerona/57.7.M455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, T. F. (2011). The bone-muscle relationship in men and women. Journal of Osteoporosis, 2011, 702735. doi:10.4061/2011/702735
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lebrasseur, N. K., Achenbach, S. J., Melton, L. J., 3rd, Amin, S., & Khosla, S. (2012). Skeletal muscle mass is associated with bone geometry and microstructure and serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 levels in adult women and men. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 27(10), 2159–2169. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie, W. D., Lix, L. M., Morin, S. N., Johansson, H., Oden, A., McCloskey, E. V., & Kanis, J. A. (2015). Hip axis length is a FRAX- and bone density-independent risk factor for hip fracture in women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 100(5), 2063–2070. doi:10.1210/jc.2014-4390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G. W., Chang, S. X., Xu, Z., Chen, Y., Bao, H., & Shi, X. (2013). Prediction of hip osteoporotic fractures from composite indices of femoral neck strength. Skeletal Radiology, 42(2), 195–201. doi:10.1007/s00256-012-1473-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald, H., Kontulainen, S., Petit, M., Janssen, P., & McKay, H. (2006). Bone strength and its determinants in pre- and early pubertal boys and girls. Bone, 39(3), 598–608. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2006.02.057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malina, R. M., & Geithner, C. A. (2011). Body composition of young athletes. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 5(3), 262–278. doi:10.1177/1559827610392493
   Google Scholar
• Marks, R. (2010). Hip fracture epidemiological trends, outcomes, and risk factors, 1970–2009. International Journal of General Medicine, 3, 1–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Partanen, J., Jämsä, T., & Jalovaara, P. (2001). Influence of the upper femur and pelvic geometry on the risk and type of hip fractures. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 16(8), 1540–1546. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.8.1540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petit, M. A., Beck, T. J., Shults, J., Zemel, B. S., Foster, B. J., & Leonard, M. B. (2005). Proximal femur bone geometry is appropriately adapted to lean mass in overweight children and adolescents. Bone, 36(3), 568–576. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2004.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinilla, T. P., Boardman, K. C., Bouxsein, M. L., Myers, E. R., & Hayes, W. C. (1996). Impact direction from a fall influences the failure load of the proximal femur as much as age-related bone loss. Calcified Tissue International, 58(4), 231–235. doi:10.1007/BF02508641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock, N. K., & Hamrick, M. W. (2010). Muscle and Bone: Meeting Report from the 32nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. October 15-19, 2010 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. IBMS BoneKEy, 7(12), 473–476. doi:10.1138/20100484
   Google Scholar
• Rauch, F. (2005). Bone growth in length and width: The Yin and Yang of bone stability. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 5(3), 194–201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubenstein, L. Z. (2006). Falls in older people: Epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention. Age Ageing, 35(Suppl 2), ii37–ii41. doi:10.1093/ageing/afl084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szulc, P., Duboeuf, F., Schott, A. M., Dargent-Molina, P., Meunier, P. J., & Delmas, P. D. (2006). Structural determinants of hip fracture in elderly women: Re-analysis of the data from the EPIDOS study. Osteoporosis International, 17(2), 231–236. doi:10.1007/s00198-005-1980-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travison, T. G., Araujo, A. B., Esche, G. R., Beck, T. J., & McKinlay, J. B. (2008). Lean mass and not fat mass is associated with male proximal femur strength. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 23(2), 189–198. doi:10.1359/jbmr.071016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troiano, R. P., Berrigan, D., Dodd, K. W., Masse, L. C., Tilert, T., & McDowell, M. (2008). Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(1), 181–188. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiktorowicz, M. E., Goeree, R., Papaioannou, A., Adachi, J. D., & Papadimitropoulos, E. (2001). Economic implications of hip fracture: Health service use, institutional care and cost in Canada. Osteoporosis International, 12(4), 271–278. doi:10.1007/s001980170116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar