Associations of total sedentary time, screen time and non-screen sedentary time with adiposity and physical fitness in youth: the mediating effect of physical activity

References

• Arundell, L., Fletcher, E., Salmon, J., Veitch, J., & Hinkley, T. (2016). A systematic review of the prevalence of sedentary behavior during the after-school period among children aged 5-18 years. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 13, 93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 57, 289–300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabanas-Sánchez, V., Martínez-Gómez, D., Esteban-Cornejo, I., Castro-Piñero, J., Conde-Caveda, J., & Veiga, Ó. L. (2018). Reliability and validity of the Youth Leisure-time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ). Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(1), 69–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carson, V., Hunter, S., Kuzik, N., Gray, C. E., Poitras, V. J., Chaput, J.-P., … Tremblay, M. S. (2016). Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: An update. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(6 Suppl 3), S240–S265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro-Piñero, J., Carbonell-Baeza, A., Martinez-Gomez, D., Gómez-Martínez, S., Cabanas-Sánchez, V., & Santiago, C.; UP&DOWN Study Group. (2014). Follow-up in healthy schoolchildren and in adolescents with DOWN syndrome: Psycho-environmental and genetic determinants of physical activity and its impact on fitness, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory biomarkers and mental health; the UP&DOWN Study. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaput, J. P., Leduc, G., Boyer, C., Bélanger, P., Leblanc, A. G., Borghese, M. M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2014). Objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and sleep duration: Independent and combined associations with adiposity in Canadian children. Nutrition and Diabetes, 4, e117.
   Google Scholar
• Cliff, D. P., Hesketh, K. D., Vella, S. A., Hinkley, T., Tsiros, M. D., Ridgers, N. D., … Lubans, D. R. (2016). Objectively measured sedentary behaviour and health and development in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 17(4), 330–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corder, K., Sharp, S. J., Atkin, A. J., Griffin, S. J., Jones, A. P., Ekelund, U., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2015). Change in objectively measured physical activity during the transition to adolescence. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(11), 730–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Rezende, L. F., Rodrigues Lopes, M., Rey-López, J. P., Matsudo, V. K. R., Luiz, O. D. C., Rezende, L. F. M. D., … Luiz, O. D. C. (2014). Sedentary behavior and health outcomes: An overview of systematic reviews. PloS One, 9(8), e105620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denton, S. J., Trenell, M. I., Plötz, T., Savory, L. A., Bailey, D. P., & Kerr, C. J. (2013). Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with hard and light intensity physical activity but not time spent sedentary in 10-14 year old schoolchildren: The HAPPY Study. PLoS One, 8(4), e61073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devís-Devís, J., Lizandra, J., Valencia-Peris, A., Pérez-Gimeno, E., García-Massò, X., & Peiró-Velert, C. (2017). Longitudinal changes in physical activity, sedentary behavior and body mass index in adolescence: Migrations towards different weight cluster. PLoS One, 12(6), e0179502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteban-Cornejo, I., Tejero-Gonzalez, C. M., Martínez-Gómez, D., Del-Campo, J., González-Galo, A., Padilla-Moledo, C., … Veiga, O. L. (2014). Independent and combined influence of the components of physical fitness on academic performance in youth. The Journal of Pediatrics, 165(2), 306–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evenson, K. R., Catellier, D. J., Gill, K., Ondrak, K. S., & McMurray, R. G. (2008). Calibration of two objective measures of physical activity for children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(14), 1557–1565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, L. L., Dobbins, T. A., Denney-Wilson, E. A., Okely, A. D., & Booth, M. L. (2009). Sedentariness, small-screen recreation, and fitness in youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(2), 120–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hjorth, M. F., Chaput, J. P., Ritz, C., Dalskov, S. M., Andersen, R., Astrup, A., … Sjödin, A. (2014). Fatness predicts decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, but not vice versa: Support from a longitudinal study in 8- to 11-year-old children. International Journal of Obesity, 38(7), 959–965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzmarzyk, P. T., Barreira, T. V., Broyles, S. T., Champagne, C. M., Chaput, J. P., Fogelholm, M., … Church, T. S. (2015). Physical activity, sedentary time, and obesity in an international sample of children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(10), 2062–2069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurson, K., Eisenmann, J. C., & Moore, S. (2008). Lack of association between television viewing, soft drinks, physical activity and body mass index in children. Acta Paediatrica, 97(6), 795–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques, A., Santos, R., Ekelund, U., & Sardinha, L. B. (2015). Association between physical activity, sedentary time, and healthy fitness in youth. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(3), 575–580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Gómez, D., Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Veiga, O. L., Widhalm, K., … Sjostrom, M. (2011). Excessive sedentary time and low cardiorespiratory fitness in European adolescents: The HELENA study. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 96(3), 240–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J. A., Mattocks, C., Ness, A. R., Leary, S. D., Pate, R. R., Dowda, M., … Riddoch, C. (2010). Sedentary behaviour and obesity in a large cohort of children. Obesity, 17(8), 1596–1602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J. A., Rodriguez, D., Schmitz, K. H., & Audrain-Mcgovern, J. (2013). Greater screen time is associated with adolescent obesity: A longitudinal study of the BMI distribution from Ages 14 to 18. Obesity, 21(3), 572–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, J. B., Beets, M. W., Barr-Anderson, D. J., & Evenson, K. R. (2013). Sedentary time and vigorous physical activity are independently associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in middle school youth. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(14), 1520–1525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden, C. L., Fryar, C. D., Hales, C. M., Carroll, M. D., Aoki, Y., & Freedman, D. S. (2018). Differences in obesity prevalence by demographics and urbanization in US children and adolescents, 2013-2016. JAMA, 319(23), 2410–2418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, R., & Guedes, D. (2016). Physical activity, sedentary behavior, cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome in adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational evidence. PloS One, 11(12), e0168503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., & Sjöström, M. (2008). Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: A powerful marker of health. International Journal of Obesity, 32(1), 1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson, N., & Biddle, S. J. H. (2011). Sedentary behavior and dietary intake in children, adolescents, and adults: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 41(2), 178–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rey-López, J. P., Vicente-Rodríguez, G., Biosca, M., & Moreno, L. A. (2008). Sedentary behaviour and obesity development in children and adolescents. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 18(3), 242–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rey-López, J. P., Vicente-Rodríguez, G., Répásy, J., Mesana, M. I., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B., … Moreno, L. A. (2011). Food and drink intake during television viewing in adolescents: The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. Public Health Nutrition, 14(09), 1563–1569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz, J. R., Castro-Piñero, J., España-Romero, V., Artero, E. G., Ortega, F. B., Cuenca, M. M., … Castillo, M. J. (2010). Field-based fitness assessment in young people: The ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45, 518–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders, R. H., Han, A., Baker, J. S., & Cobley, S. (2015). Childhood obesity and its physical and psychological co-morbidities: A systematic review of Australian children and adolescents. European Journal of Pediatrics, 174(6), 715–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, R., Mota, J., Okely, A. D., Pratt, M., Moreira, C., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., … Sardinha, L. B. (2014). The independent associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(20), 1508–1514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders, T. J., Gray, C. E., Poitras, V. J., Chaput, J., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Carson, V. (2016). Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: Relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(6 Suppl 3), S283–S293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra-Majem, L., Ribas, L., Ngo, J., Ortega, R. M., García, A., Pérez-Rodrigo, C., & Aranceta, J. (2004). Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain. Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutrition, 7(7), 931–935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sisson, S. B., Broyles, S. T., Baker, B. L., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2011). Television, reading, and computer Time: Correlates of school-day leisure-time sedentary behavior and relationship with overweight in children in the US. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 8(Suppl. 2), S188–S197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slaughter, M. H., Lohman, T. G., Boileau, R. A., Horswill, C. A., Stillman, R. J., Van Loan, M. D., & Bemben, D. A. (1988). Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Human Biology, 60(5), 709–723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremblay, M. S., Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Saunders, T. J., Carson, V., & Latimer-Cheung, A. E.; on behalf of SBRN Terminology Consensus Project Participants. (2017). Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) - Terminology consensus project process and outcome. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Ploeg, H. P., & Hillsdon, M. (2017). Is sedentary behaviour just physical inactivity by another name? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicente-Rodríguez, G., Rey-López, J. P., Martín-Matillas, M., Moreno, L. A., Wärnberg, J., Redondo, C., … Bueno, M. (2008). Television watching, videogames, and excess of body fat in Spanish adolescents: The AVENA study. Nutrition, 24(7–8), 654–662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willett, W., & Stampfer, M. J. (1986). Total energy intake: Implications for epidemiologic analyses. American Journal of Epidemiology, 124(1), 17–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., Seo, D. C., Kolbe, L., Middlestadt, S., & Zhao, W. (2012). Associated trends in sedentary behavior and BMI among Chinese school children and adolescents in seven diverse Chinese provinces. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19(3), 342–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar