References
- Alfermann, D., & Stambulova, N. B. (2007). Career transition and career termination. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 712–733). John Wiley & Sons.
- Arliani, G. G., Astur, D. C., Yamada, R. K., Yamada, A. F., Miyashita, G. K., Mandelbaum, B., & Cohen, M. (2014). Early osteoarthritis and reduced quality of life after retirement in former professional soccer players. Clinics (Sao Paulo), 69(9), 589–594. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2014(09)03
- Arliani, G. G., Astur, D. C., Yamada, R. K. F., Yamada, A. F., da Rocha Corrêa Fernandes, A., Ejnisman, B., Castro Pochini, A. D., & Cohen, M. (2016). Professional football can be considered a healthy sport? Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 24(12), 3907–3911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3636-2
- Barriopedro, M., López de Subijana, C., & Muniesa, C. (2018). Insights into life after sport for Spanish Olympians: Gender and career path perspectives. PLoS ONE, 13(12), e0209433. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209433
- B-WISER (n.d.). B-WISER: Optimizing the employability and employment of active and former elite athletes. B-WISER. http://www.bwiser.eu/
- Carapinheira, A., Mendes, P., Guedes Carvalho, P., Torregrossa, M., & Travassos, B. (2018). Career termination of Portuguese elite football players: Comparison between the last three decades. Sports, 6(4), 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040155
- Clemens, S., Begum, N., Harper, C., Whitty, J. A., & Scuffham, P. A. (2014). A comparison of EQ-5D-3L population norms in Queensland, Australia, estimated using utility value sets from Australia, the UK and USA. Quality of Life Research, 23(8), 2375–2381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0676-x
- Conzelmann, A., & Nagel, S. (2003). Professional careers of the German Olympic athletes. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 38(3), 259–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/10126902030383001
- Curran, C. (2015). Post-playing careers of Irish-born footballers in England, 1945–2010. Sport in Society, 18(10), 1273–1286. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2015.1042970
- Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998). The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 52(6), 377–384. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.52.6.377
- Drawer, S., & Fuller, C. W. (2002). Perceptions of retired professional soccer players about the provision of support services before and after retirement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.36.1.33
- Duesenberry, J. S. 1967. Income, saving, and the theory of consumer behavior (5th print.). Harvard University Press.
- Filbay, S., Pandya, T., Thomas, B., McKay, C., Adams, J., & Arden, N. (2019). Quality of life and life satisfaction in former athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 49(11), 1723–1738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01163-0
- Gearing, B. (1999). Narratives of identity among former professional footballers in the United Kingdom. Journal of Aging Studies, 13(1), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(99)80005-X
- Gouttebarge, V., Andersen, T. E., Cowie, C., Goedhart, E., Jorstad, H., Kemp, S., Königs, M., Maas, M., Orhant, E., Rantanen, J., Salo, J., Serratosa, L., Stokes, K., Tol, J. L., Verhagen, E., Weber, A., & Kerkhoffs, G. (2019a). Monitoring the health of transitioning professional footballers: Protocol of an observational prospective cohort study. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 5(1), e000680. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000680
- Gouttebarge, V., Aoki, H., & Kerkhoffs, G. M. (2016a). Prevalence and determinants of symptoms related to mental disorders in retired male professional footballers. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 56(5), 648–654. https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/sports-med-physical-fitness/article.php?cod=R40Y2016N05A0648
- Gouttebarge, V., Aoki, H., & Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J. (2018). Lower extremity osteoarthritis is associated with lower health-related quality of life among retired professional footballers. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 46(4), 471–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1451718
- Gouttebarge, V., Aoki, H., Lambert, M., Stewart, W., & Kerkhoffs, G. (2017). A history of concussions is associated with symptoms of common mental disorders in former male professional athletes across a range of sports. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 45(4), 443–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2017.1376572
- Gouttebarge, V., Aoki, H., Verhagen, E., & Kerkhoffs, G. (2016b). Are level of education and employment related to symptoms of common mental disorders in current and retired professional footballers? Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 7(2), e28447. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.28447
- Gouttebarge, V., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Gorczynski, P., Hainline, B., Hitchcock, M. E., Kerkhoffs, G. M., Rice, S. M., & Reardon, C. L. (2019b). Occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders in current and former elite athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(11), 700–706. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100671
- Gouttebarge, V., Frings-Dresen, M. H. W., & Sluiter, J. K. (2015). Mental and psychosocial health among current and former professional footballers. Occupational Medicine, 65(3), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqu202
- Gouttebarge, V., Inklaar, H., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. W. (2014). Risk and consequences of osteoarthritis after a professional football career: A systematic review of the recent literature. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 54(4), 494–504. https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/sports-med-physical-fitness/article.php?cod=R40Y2014N04A0494
- Hill, P., & Lowe, B. (1974). The inevitable metathesis of the retiring athlete. International Review of Sport Sociology, 9(3), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/101269027400900301
- Hong, Q. N., Pluye, P., Fabregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.-P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., O’Cathain, A., Rousseau, M.-C., & Vedel, I. (2018). Mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT): Version 2018. http://mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/127916259/MMAT_2018_criteria-manual_2018-08-01_ENG.pdf
- Houlston, D. R. (1982). The occupational mobility of professional athletes. International Review of Sport Sociology, 17(2), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/101269028201700202
- Jones, L., & Denison, J. (2017). Challenge and relief: A Foucauldian disciplinary analysis of retirement from professional association football in the United Kingdom. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 52(8), 924–939. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690215625348
- Kilic, Ö., Aoki, H., Haagensen, R., Jensen, C., Johnson, U., Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J., & Gouttebarge, V. (2017). Symptoms of common mental disorders and related stressors in Danish professional football and handball. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(10), 1328–1334. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1381768
- Knights, S., Sherry, E., & Ruddock-Hudson, M. (2016). Investigating elite end-of-athletic-career transition: A systematic review. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(3), 291–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2015.1128992
- Kuettel, A., Boyle, E., & Schmid, J. (2017). Factors contributing to the quality of the transition out of elite sports in Swiss, Danish, and Polish athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 29, 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.11.008
- Kuijt, M. T. K., Inklaar, H., Gouttebarge, V., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. W. (2012). Knee and ankle osteoarthritis in former elite soccer players: A systematic review of the recent literature. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(6), 480–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.02.008
- Lavallee, D. (2000). Theoretical perspectives on career transitions in sport. In D. Lavallee & P. Wylleman (Eds.), Career transitions in sport: International perspectives (pp. 1–28). Fitness Information Technology.
- Lavallee, D. (2005). The effect of a life development intervention on sports career transition adjustment. The Sport Psychologist, 19(2), 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.19.2.193
- Lohkamp, M., Kromer, T. O., & Schmitt, H. (2017). Osteoarthritis and joint replacements of the lower limb and spine in ex-professional soccer players: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(10), 1038–1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12846
- Mannes, Z. L., Waxenberg, L. B., Cottler, L. B., Perlstein, W. M., Burrell, L. E., Ferguson, E. G., Edwards, M. E., & Ennis, N. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among retired elite athletes: A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12(1), 265–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2018.1469162
- Mihovilovic, M. A. (1968). The status of former sportsmen. International Review of Sport Sociology, 3(1), 73–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/101269026800300105
- Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
- Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., & Aromataris, E. (2018). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x
- Naul, R. (1994). The elite athlete career: Sport pedagogy must counsel social and professional problems in life development. In D. Hackfort (Ed.), Psycho-social issues and interventions in elite sports (pp. 237–258). Lang.
- Park, S., Lavallee, D., & Tod, D. (2013). Athletes’ career transition out of sport: A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(1), 22–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2012.687053
- Petitpas, A. J., Tinsley, T. M., & Walker, A. S. (2012). Transitions: Ending active involvement in sports and other competitive endeavors. In S. M. Murphy (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of sport and performance psychology (pp. 513–523). Oxford University Press.
- Petrillo, S., Papalia, R., Maffulli, N., Volpi, P., & Denaro, V. (2018). Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee in former male professional soccer players. British Medical Bulletin, 125(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldy001
- Prinz, B., Dvořák, J., & Junge, A. (2016). Symptoms and risk factors of depression during and after the football career of elite female players. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 2(1), e000124. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000124
- Professional Footballers Australia. (2015). Retired and transitioned players report 2015. http://pfa.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/RETIRED-TRANSITIONED-PLAYERS-FULL-REPORT-1-1.pdf
- Professional Footballers’ Association. (2018). Professional Footballers’ Initial career transition research findings. https://www.thepfa.com/news/2018/2/5/ppf-initial-career-transition-research-findings
- Reints, A. (2011). Validation of the holistic athletic career model and the identification of variables related to athletic retirement. Dissertation, Vrije University Brussels.
- Richards, D. (2006). Protocol-driven search strategies and systematic reviews of complex evidence. Evidence-Based Dentistry, 7(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400383
- Sanders, G., & Stevinson, C. (2017). Associations between retirement reasons, chronic pain, athletic identity, and depressive symptoms among former professional footballers. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(10), 1311–1318. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1371795
- Schlossberg, N. K. (1981). A model for analyzing human adaptation to transition. The Counseling Psychologist, 9(2), 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/001100008100900202
- Schlossberg, N. K. (1984). Counselling adults in transition: Linking practice with theory. Springer Publishing Company.
- Schlossberg, N. K. (2011). The challenge of change: The transition model and its applications. Journal of Employment Counseling, 48(4), 159–162. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2011.tb01102.x
- Schuring, N., Aoki, H., Gray, J., Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J., Lambert, M., & Gouttebarge, V. (2017). Osteoarthritis is associated with symptoms of common mental disorders among former elite athletes. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 25(10), 3179–3185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-016-4255-2
- Semyonov, M. (1986). Occupational mobility through sport: The case of Israeli soccer. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 21(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/101269028602100102
- Smith, J. L., & McManus, A. (2008). A review on transitional implications for retiring elite athletes: What happens when the spotlight dims? The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 1(1), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399X00801010045
- Stambulova, N. B. (2003). Symptoms of a crisis-transition: A grounded theory study. In N. Hassmén (Ed.), SIPF Yearbook 2003 (pp. 97–109). Örebro University Press.
- Stambulova, N. B., Alfermann, D., Statler, T., & Côté, J. (2009). ISSP position stand: Career development and transitions of athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(4), 395–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671916
- Stambulova, N. B., & Ryba, T. V. (2014). A critical review of career research and assistance through the cultural lens: Towards cultural praxis of athletes’ careers. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2013.851727
- Stambulova, N. B., Ryba, T. V., & Henriksen, K. (2020). Career development and transitions of athletes: The International Society of Sport Psychology position stand revisited. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–27. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2020.1737836
- Stambulova, N. B., & Wylleman, P. (2019). Psychology of athletes’ dual careers: A state-of-the-art critical review of the European discourse. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 74–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.013
- Sussman, M. B. (1972). An analytical model for the sociological study of retirement. In F. Carp (Ed.), Retirement (pp. 29–73). Behavioral Publications.
- Szinovacz, M. E. (2013). A multilevel perspective for retirement research. In M. Wang (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of retirement (pp. 152–173). Oxford University Press.
- Taylor, J., & Ogilvie, B. C. (1994). A conceptual model of adaptation to retirement among athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 6(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209408406462
- Turner, A. P., Barlow, J. H., & Heathcote-Elliott, C. (2000). Long term health impact of playing professional football in the United Kingdom. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(5), 332–336. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.5.332
- Van Ramele, S., Aoki, H., Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J., & Gouttebarge, V. (2017). Mental health in retired professional football players: 12-month incidence, adverse life events and support. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 28, 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.10.009
- World Players Association. (2017). The world player development, wellbeing, transition and retirement standard, Paris 2017. World Players Association. http://www.uniglobalunion.org/sites/default/files/imce/paris_world_player_development_standard_7_sep_17.pdf
- Wylleman, P. (2019). A developmental and holistic perspective on transiting out of elite sport. In M. H. Anshel, T. A. Petrie, & J. A. Steinfeldt (Eds.), APA handbook of sport and exercise psychology, volume 1: Sport psychology (vol. 1) (pp. 201–216). American Psychological Association.