6,458
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Physical Activity, Health and Exercise

Developing motor competency in youths: Perceptions and practices of strength and conditioning coaches

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 2649-2657 | Accepted 25 Jun 2021, Published online: 05 Jul 2021

References

  • Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice Hall.
  • Barnett, L. M., van Beurden, E., Morgan, P. J., Brooks, L. O., & Beard, J. R. (2009). Childhood motor skill proficiency as a predictor of adolescent physical activity. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(3), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.07.004
  • Behringer, M., vom Heede, A., Matthews, M., & Mester, J. (2011). Effects of strength training on motor performance skills in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Pediatric Exercise Science, 23(2), 186–206. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.23.2.186
  • Cattuzzo, M. T., dos Santos Henrique, R., Ré, A. H. N., de Oliveira, I. S., Melo, B. M., de Sousa Moura, M., de Araújo, R. C., & Stodden, D. (2016). Motor competence and health related physical fitness in youth: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(2), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.12.004
  • Clark, J. E., & Metcalfe, J. S. (2002). The Mountain of Motor Development: A Metaphor. In J. E. Clarke & J. H. Humphrey (Eds.), Motor development: Research and reviews (Vol. 2, pp. 163–190). National Association for Sport and Physical Education.
  • Croasmun, J. T., & Ostrom, L. (2011). Using likert-type scales in the social sciences. Journal of Adult Education, 40(1), 19–22. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ961998.pdf
  • Dobbs, I. J., Oliver, J. L., Wong, M. A., Moore, I. S., & Lloyd, R. S. (2020, November). Movement competency and measures of isometric and dynamic strength and power in boys of different maturity status. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(11), 2143–2153. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13773
  • Drury, B., Clarke, H., Moran, J., Fernandes, J. F. T., Henry, G., & Behm, D. G. (2021). Eccentric resistance training in youth: A survey of perceptions and current practices by strength and conditioning coaches. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6010021
  • Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
  • Feltz, D. L., Chase, M. A., Moritz, S. E., & Sullivan, P. J. (1999). A conceptual model of coaching efficacy: preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(4), 765–775. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.765
  • Fernandes, M., & Randall, D. (1991). The social desirability response bias in ethics research. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(11), 805–807. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383696
  • Ford, P.R., Bordonau, J.L.D., Bonanno, D., Tavares, J., Groenendijk, C., Fink, C., Gualtieri, D., Gregson, W., Varley, M.C., Weston, M., Lolli, L., Platt, D., & Di Salvo, V. (2020). A survey of talent identification and development processes in the youth academies of professional soccer clubs from around the world. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38:11-12, 1269–1278. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020
  • Gallahue, D. L., & Ozmun, J. C. (2006). Understanding motor development: infants, children, adolescents, adults. McGraw-Hill.
  • Gallahue, D. L., Ozmun, J. C., & Goodway, J. D. (2012). Understanding motor development: infants, children, adolescents, adults. McGraw-Hill.
  • Gee, T. I., Olsen, P. D., Berger, N. J., Golby, J., & Thompson, K. G. (2011). Strength and conditioning practices in rowing. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(3), 668–682. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e2e10e
  • Giblin, S., Collins, D., & Button, C. (2014). Physical literacy: Importance, assessment and future directions. Sports Medicine, 44(9), 1177–1184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0205-7
  • Hands, B., & Larkin, D. (2006). Physical fitness differences in children with and without motor learning difficulties. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 21(4), 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856250600956410
  • Hardy, L. L., Reinten-Reynolds, T., Espinel, P., Zask, A., & Okely, A. D. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of low fundamental movement skill competency in children. Pediatrics, 130(2), e390–e398. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0345
  • Holfelder, B., & Schott, N. (2014). Relationship of fundamental movement skills and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15, 382–391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.03.005
  • Hopkins, W. G. (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Medicine, 30(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200030010-00001
  • Hulteen, R. M., Barnett, L. M., True, L., Lander, N. J., del Pozo Cruz, B., & Lonsdale, C. (2020). Validity and reliability evidence for motor competence assessments in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(15), 1717–1798. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1756674
  • Hulteen, R. M., Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Stodden, D. F., & Lubans, D. R. (2018). Development of foundational movement skills: a conceptual model for physical activity across the lifespan. Sports Medicine, 48(7), 1533–1540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0892-6
  • Hulteen, R. M., True, L., & Pfeiffer, K. A. (2020). Differences in associations of product- and process-oriented motor competence assessments with physical activity in children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(4), 375–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1702279
  • Jones, S., Murphy, F., Edwards, M., & James, J. (2008). Doing things differently: advantages and disadvantages of web questionnaires. Nurse Researcher, 15(4), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2008.07.15.4.15.c6658
  • Jones, T., Smith, A., MacNaughton, L., & French, D. (2017). Variances in strength and conditioning practice in elite rugby union between the northern and southern hemispheres. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(12), 3358–3371. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001773
  • Lloyd, R. S., Cronin, J. B., Faigenbaum, A. D., Haff, G. G., Howard, R., Kraemer, W. J., Micheli, L. J., Myer, G. D., & Oliver, J. L. (2016). National strength and conditioning association position statement on long-term athletic development. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1491–1509. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001387
  • Lloyd, R. S., Moeskops, S., & Granacher, U. (2019). Motor skill training for young athletes. In LloydR. S. & OliverJ. L. (Eds.), Strength and conditioning for young athletes: science and application (pp. 103–130). Routledge
  • Lloyd, R. S., & Oliver, J. L. (2012). The youth physical development model: A new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 34(3), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31825760ea
  • Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Faigenbaum, A. D., Howard, R., De Ste Croix, M. B. A., Williams, C. A., Best, T. M., Alvar, B. A., Micheli, L. J., Phillip Thomas, D., Hatfield, D. L., Cronin, J. B., & Myer, G. D. (2015a). Long term athletic development, part 2: Barriers to success and potential solutions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(5), 1451–1464. https://doi.org/10.1519/01.JSC.0000465424.75389.56
  • Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Faigenbaum, A. D., Howard, R., De Ste Croix, M. B. A., Williams, C. A., Best, T. M., Alvar, B. A., Micheli, L. J., Phillip Thomas, D., Hatfield, D. L., Cronin, J. B., & Myer, G. D. (2015b). Long-term athletic development - part 1: A pathway for all youth. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(5), 1439–1450. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000756
  • Lubans, D.R., Morgan, P.J., Cliff, D.P., Barnett, L.M., & Okely, A.D. (2010). Fundamental Movement Skills in Children and Adolescents: Review of Associated Health Benefits. Sports Medicine, 40(12), 1019–1035. http://doi.org/10.2165/11536850–00000000000000
  • National Strength and Conditioning Association (2020) NSCA Certification Handbook [Online]. National Strength and Conditioning Association. Available from: https://www.nsca.com/globalassets/certification/certification-pdfs/certification-handbook.pdf [Accessed 17 December 2020].
  • Parsonage, J. R., Williams, R. S., Rainer, P., McKeown, I., & Williams, M. D. (2014, June). Assessment of conditioning-specific movement tasks and physical fitness measures in talent identified under 16-year-old rugby union players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(6), 1497–1506. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000298
  • Pullen, B. J., Oliver, J. L., Lloyd, R. S., & Knight, C. J. (2020). The effects of strength and conditioning in physical education on athletic motor skill competencies and psychological attributes of secondary school children. A Pilot Study. Sports (Basel), 8(10), 138. http://doi.org/10.3390/sports8100138
  • Quatman-Yates, C. C., Quatman, C. E., Meszaros, A. J., Paterno, M. V., & Hewett, T. E. (2012). A systematic review of sensorimotor function during adolescence: a developmental stage of increased motor awkwardness? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(9), 649–655. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.079616
  • Radnor, J. M., Moeskops, S., Morris, S. J., Mathews, T. A., Kumar, N. T. A., Pullen, B. J., Meyers, R. W., Pedley, J. S., Gould, Z. I., Oliver, J. L., & Lloyd, R. S. (2020). Developing athletic motor skill competencies in youth. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 42(6), 54–70. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000602
  • Read, P. J., Oliver, J. L., & Lloyd, R. S. (2020). Seven pillars of prevention: effective strategies for strength and conditioning coaches to reduce injury risk and improve performance in young athletes. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 42(6), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000588
  • Robertson, S., Kremer, P., Aisbett, B., Tran, J., & Cerin, E. (2017). Consensus on measurement properties and feasibility of performance tests for the exercise and sport sciences: A delphi study. Sports Medicine - Open, 3(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-016-0071-y
  • Robinson, L. E., Stodden, D. F., Barnett, L. M., Lopes, V. P., Logan, S. W., Rodrigues, L. P., & D’Hondt, E. (2015). Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental trajectories of health. Sports Medicine, 45(9), 1273–1284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6
  • Rössler, R., Donath, L., Verhagen, E., Junge, A., Schweizer, T., & Faude, O. (2014). Exercise-Based injury prevention in child and adolescent sport: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 44(12), 1733–1748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0234-2
  • Rumpf, M. C., Cronin, J. B., Pinder, S. D., Oliver, J., & Hughes, M. (2012). Effect of different training methods on running sprint times in male youth. Pediatric Exercise Science, 24(2), 170–186. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.24.2.170
  • Rumpf, M. C., Lockie, R. G., Cronin, J. B., & Jalilvand, F. (2016). Effect of different sprint training methods on sprint performance over various distances: A brief review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1767–1785. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001245
  • Schott, N., Alof, V., Hultsch, D., & Meermann, D. (2007). Physical fitness in children with developmental coordination disorder. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78(5), 438–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2007.10599444
  • Sebo, P., Maisonneuve, H., Cerutti, B., Fournier, J. P., Senn, N., & Haller, D. M. (2017). Rates, delays, and completeness of general practitioners’ responses to a postal versus web-based survey: A randomized trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(3), e83. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6308
  • Seefeldt, V. (1980). Developmental motor patterns: implications for elementary school physical fitness. In C. H. Nadeau, W. R. Halliwell, K. C. Newell, & G. C. Roberts (Eds.), Psychology of motor behavior and sport (pp. 314–323). Human Kinetics.
  • Starling, L.T., & Lambert, M.I. (2018) Monitoring Rugby players fitness and fatigue: What do coaches want? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(6), 777–782. http://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017–0416
  • Steib, S., Rahlf, A. L., Pfeifer, K., & Zech, A. (2017). Dose-response relationship of neuromuscular training for injury prevention in youth athletes: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 8:920. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00920
  • Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: an emergent relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
  • Stodden, D.F., Langendorfer, S., & Roberton, M. A. (2009). The association between motor skill competence and physical fitness in young adults. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(2), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2009.10599556
  • Tee, J.C., & Rongen, F. (2020) ‘How’ a multidisciplinary team worked effectively to reduce injury in a professional sport environment - pre-Print. SportRχiv. https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/7qh4c
  • Telama, R., Yang, X., Viikari, J., Välimäki, I., Wanne, O., & Raitakari, O. (2005). Physical activity from childhood to adulthood: A 21-year tracking study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(5), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.12.003
  • Till, K., Eisenmann, J., Emmonds, S., Jones, B., Mitchell, T., Cowburn, I., Tee, J., Holmes, N., & Lloyd, R. S. (2020). A coaching session framework to facilitate long-term athletic development. strength & conditioning journal (pp. 1–13). Publish Ahead of Print May.
  • Till, K., Muir, B., Abraham, A., Piggott, D., & Tee, J. (2019). A framework for decision-making within strength and conditioning coaching. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 41(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000408
  • Tompsett, C., Burkett, B., & McKean, M. R. (2014). Development of physical literacy and movement competency: A literature review. Journal of Fitness Research, 3(2), 53–74. https://research.usc.edu.au/discovery/fulldisplay/alma99448985602621/61USC_INST:ResearchRepository
  • Towlson, C., Salter, J., Ade, J. D., Enright, K., Harper, L. D., Page, R. M., & Malone, J. J. (2020) Maturity-Associated Considerations for Training Load, Injury Risk, and Physical Performance in Youth Soccer: One Size Does Not Fit All. Journal of Sport and Health Science [Online]. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2095254620301198 [Accessed 10 May 2021].
  • United Kingdom Strength and Conditioning Association (n.d.) UKSCA competency document [online]. united kingdom strength and conditioning association. Available from: https://www.uksca.org.uk/assets/pdfs/ASCCdocs/ASCCcompetencyDocument.pdf [Accessed 17 December 2020].
  • Wells, J. E. T., & Langdown, B. L. (2020). Sports science for golf: A survey of high-skilled golfers’ “perceptions” and “practices”. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(8), 918–927. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1737350
  • Whitehead, M. (2010). Physical literacy: Throughout the lifecourse. Routledge.