References
- Babic, M. J., Morgan, P. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Lonsdale, C., White, R. L., & Lubans, D. R. (2014). Physical activity and physical self-concept in youth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 44(11), 1589–1601. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0229-z
- Bardid, F., De Meester, A., Tallir, I., Cardon, G., Lenoir, M., & Haerens, L. (2016). Configurations of actual and perceived motor competence among children: Associations with motivation for sports and global self-worth. Human Movement Science, 50, 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.09.001
- Barnett, L. M., Ridgers, N. D., Zask, A., & Salmon, J. (2015). Face validity and reliability of a pictorial instrument for assessing fundamental movement skill perceived competence in young children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(1), 98–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.12.004
- Barnett, L., Minto, C., Lander, N., & Hardy, L. (2013). Interrater reliability assessment using the test of gross motor development-2. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sports, 17(6), 667–670. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.010
- Bauman, A. E., Sallis, J. F., Dzewaltowski, D. A., & Owen, N. (2002). Toward a better understanding of the influences on physical activity: The role of determinants, correlates, causal variables, mediators, moderators, and confounders. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23(2), 5–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-37970200469-5
- Breckenridge, J. N. (2000). Validating cluster analysis: Consistent replication and symmetry. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 35(2), 261–285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327906MBR3502_5
- Cain, K. L., Sallis, J. F., Conway, T. L., Dyck, D., & Van Calhoon, L. (2013). Using accelerometers in youth physical activity studies: A review of methods. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 10(3), 437–450. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.3.437
- Chinapaw, J. M., Mokkink, L. B., Van Poppel, M. N. M., Van Mechelen, W., & Terwee, C. B. (2010). Physical activity questionnaires for youth: A systematic review of measurement properties. Sports Medicine, 40(7), 539–563. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2165/11530770-000000000-00000
- Clark, J., & Metcalfe, J. (2002). The mountain of motor development. In J. E. Clark & J. H. Humprehy (Eds.), Motor development research and reviews (Vol. 2, pp. 163–190). National Association of Sport and Physical Education.
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (3rd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Craggs, C., Corder, K., Van Sluijs, E. M. F., & Griffin, S. J. (2011). Determinants of change in physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40(6), 645–658. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.02.025
- Crouter, S., Horton, M., & Basset, R. J. (2012). Use of a 2-regression model for estimating energy expenditure in children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44(6), 1177–1185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182447825
- Davis, K., Kang, M., Boswell, B., DuBose, K., Altman, S., & Binkley, H. (2008). Validity and reliability of the medicine ball throw for kindergarten children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(6), 1958–1963. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181821b20
- De Meester, A., Barnett, L. M., Brian, A., Bowe, S. J., Jiménez-Díaz, J., Van Duyse, F., Irwin, J. M., Stodden, D. F., D’Hondt, E., Lenoir, M., & Haerens, L. (2020). The relationship between actual and perceived motor competence in children, adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50(11), 2001–2049. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01336-2
- De Meester, A., Maes, J., Stodden, D., Cardon, G., Goodway, J., Lenoir, M., & Haerens, L. (2016). Identifying profiles of actual and perceived motor competence among adolescents: Associations with motivation, physical activity, and sports participation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(21), 2027–2037. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1149608
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
- Department of Education. (2013). Physical education programmes of study: Key stages 1 and 2. The National Curriculum.
- Duncan, M. J., Jones, V., O’Brien, W., Barnett, L. M., & Eyre, E. L. J. (2018). Self-perceived and actual motor competence in young British children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 125(2), 251–264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512517752833
- Estevan, I., García-Massó, X., Molina García, J., & Barnett, L. M. (2019). Identifying profiles of children at risk of being less physically active: An exploratory study using a self-organised map approach for motor competence. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(12), 1356–1364. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1559491
- Eyre, E. L. J., Clark, C. C. T., Tallis, J., Hodson, D., Lowton-Smith, S., Nelson, C., Noon, M., & Duncan, M. J. (2020). The effects of combined movement and storytelling intervention on motor skills in South Asian and white children aged 5–6 years living in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3391. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103391
- Fairclough, S., Noonan, R., Rowlands, A., VanHees, V., Knowles, Z., & Boddy, L. (2016). Wear compliance and activity in children wearing wrist and hip-mounted accelerometers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(2), 245–253. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000771
- Fernandez-Santos, J., Ruiz, J., Cohen, D., Gonzalez-Montesinos, J., & Castro-Pinero, J. (2015). Reliability and validity of tests to assess lower-body muscular power in children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Reserach, 29(8), 2277–2285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000864
- Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. Guilford Press.
- Hartigan, J., & Wong, M. (1979). A K-means clustering algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 28(1), 100–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9756/bijdm.1106
- Howard, M. C., & Hoffman, M. E. (2018). Variable-centered, person-centered, and person-specific approaches: Where theory meets the method. Organizational Research Methods, 21(4), 846–876. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428117744021
- Hulteen, R. M., Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Stodden, D. F., & Lubans, D. R. (2018). Development of foundational movement skills: A conceptual model for physical activity across the lifespan. Sports Medicine, 48(7), 1533–1540. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0892-6
- Hulteen, R. M., True, L., & Pfeiffer, K. A. (2020). Differences in associations of product- and process-oriented motor competence assessments with physical activity in children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(4), 375–382. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1702279
- Jones, R. A., Okely, A. D., Caputi, P., & Cliff, D. P. (2010). Perceived and actual competence among overweight and non-overweight children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(6), 589–596. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2010.04.002
- Kaushik, M., & Mathur, M. (2014). Comparative study of K-means and hierarchical clustering techniques. International Journal of Software & Hardware Research in Engineering, 2(6), 93–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/20852020
- Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155–163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012
- Liong, G. H. E., Ridgers, N. D., & Barnett, L. M. (2015). Associations between skill perceptions and young children’s actual fundamental movement skills. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 120(2), 591–603. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2466/10.25.PMS.120v18x2
- Logan, S. W., Barnett, L. M., Goodway, J. D., & Stodden, D. F. (2017). Comparison of performance on process- and product-oriented assessments of fundamental motor skills across childhood. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(7), 634–641. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1183803
- Logan, S. W., Ross, S. M., Chee, K., Stodden, D. F., & Robinson, L. E. (2018). Fundamental motor skills: A systematic review of terminology. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(7), 781–796. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1340660
- Logan, S., Robinson, L. E., Wilson, A. E., & Lucas, W. A. (2012). Getting the fundamentals of movement: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 38(3), 305–315. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01307.x
- Lopes, V. P., Barnett, L. M., Saraiva, L., Gonçalves, C., Bowe, S. J., Abbott, G., & Rodrigues, L. P. (2016). Validity and reliability of a pictorial instrument for assessing perceived motor competence in Portuguese children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 42(5), 666–674. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12359
- Lopes, V. P., Rodrigues, L. P., Maia, J. A. R., & Malina, R. M. (2011). Motor coordination as predictor of physical activity in childhood. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(5), 663–669. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01027.x
- Loprinzi, P. D., & Cardinal, B. J. (2011). Measuring children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 9(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1728-869X1160002-6
- Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Cliff, D. P., Barnett, L. M., & Okely, A. D. (2010). Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents: Review of associated health benefits. Sports Medicine, 40(12), 1019–1035. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000
- Migueles, J. H., Cadenas-Sanchez, C., Ekelund, U., Nyström, C. D., Mora-Gonzalez, J., Löf, M., Labayen, I., Ruiz, J. R., & Ortega, F. B. (2017). Accelerometer data collection and processing criteria to assess physical activity and other outcomes: A systematic review and practical considerations. Sports Medicine, 47(9), 1821–1845. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0716-0
- Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Cliff, D. P., Okely, A. D., Scott, H. A., Cohen, K. E., & Lubans, D. R. (2013). Fundamental movement skill interventions in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 132(5), 1361–1383. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1167
- Pannekoek, L., Piek, J., and Hagger, M. . (2013). Motivation for physical activity in children: A moving matter in need for study. Human Movement Science, 32(5), 1097–1115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2013.08.004
- Petersen, D. (2015). Power. In T. Miller (Ed.), NSCA’s guide to tests and assessments (pp. 217–252). Human.
- Pham, D. T., Dimov, S. S., & Nguyen, C. D. (2005). Selection of K in K-means clustering. proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers. Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 219(1), 103–119. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1243/095440605X8298
- Richardson, J. T. E. (2011). Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2010.12.001
- Robinson, L. E., Stodden, D. F., Barnett, L. M., Lopes, V. P., Logan, S. W., Rodrigues, L. P., & D’Hondt, E. (2015). Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental trajectories of health. Sports Medicine, 45(9), 1273–1284. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6
- Robinson, L. E. (2011). The relationship between perceived physical competence and fundamental motor skills in preschool children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(4), 589–596. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01187
- Rumpf, M., Cronin, J., Oliver, J., & Hughes, M. (2011). Assessing youth sprint ability methodological issues, reliability and performance data. Pediatric Exercise Science, 23(4), 442–467. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.23.4.442
- Sebire, S. J., Jago, R., Fox, K. R., Edwards, M. J., & Thompson, J. L. (2013). Testing a self-determination theory model of children’s physical activity motivation: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-111
- Sebire, S. J., Standage, M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2008). Development and validation of the goal content for exercise questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30(4), 353–377. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.30.4.353
- Sebire, S. J., Standage, M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2009). Examining intrinsic versus extrinsic exercise goals: Cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(2), 189–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.2.189
- Staffordshire County Council. (2016). Staffordshire: Locality profile insight, planning & performance team commissioning. p. 4–8.
- Staffordshire County Council. (2018). Locality Profile. p. 29.
- Stodden, D. F., Langendorfer, S. J., Goodway, J. D., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290–306. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
- Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Markland, D., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-78
- Ulrich, D. A. (2017). Introduction to the special section: Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the TGMD-3. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2017-0020
- Ulrich, D. (2000). Test of gross motor development. 2nd ed Prod Ed Publishers p. 1 - 60.
- Vandorpe, B., Vandendriessche, J., Vaeyens, R., Pion, J., Matthys, S., Lefevre, J., Philippaerts, R., & Lenoir, M. (2012). Relationship between sports participation and the level of motor coordination in childhood: A longitudinal approach. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(3), 220–225. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.09.006
- WHO (2020). Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior. Geneva, WHO.
- Wickham, H. (2009). Ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data anaylsis. Springer.