Evaluation of approaches to estimate scapular kinematics during baseball pitching

References

• Brochard, S., Lempereur, M., & Rémy-Néris, O. (2011). Double calibration: An accurate, reliable and easy-to-use method for 3D scapular motion analysis. Journal of Biomechanics, 44(4), 751–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.11.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullock, G. S., Strahm, J., Hulburt, T. C., Beck, E. C., Waterman, B. R., & Nicholson, K. F. (2021). Relationship between clinical scapular assessment and scapula resting position, shoulder strength, and baseball pitching kinematics and kinetics. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 9(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967121991146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu, Y., Akins, J., Lovalekar, M., Tashman, S., Lephart, S., & Sell, T. (2012). Validation of a video-based motion analysis technique in 3-D dynamic scapular kinematic measurements. Journal of Biomechanics, 45(14), 2462–2466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.06.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, C. C. L., & Comstock, R. D. (2008). Epidemiological features of high school baseball injuries in the United States, 2005-2007. Pediatrics, 121(6), 1181–1187. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Groot, J. H. (1997). The variability of shoulder motions recorded by means of palpation. Clinical Biomechanics, 12(7), 461–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(97)00031-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleisig, G. S., Barrentine, S. W., Zheng, N., Escamilla, R. F., & Andrews, J. R. (1999). Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development. Journal of Biomechanics, 32(12), 1371–1375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(99)00127-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleisig, G. S., Diffendaffer, A. Z., Ivey, B., & Oi, T. (2018). Do mound height and pitching distance affect youth baseball pitching biomechanics? The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(12), 2996–3001. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546518795890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, J. D., Frank, J. M., Jordan, M. A., Bush-Joseph, C. A., Romeo, A. A., Gupta, A. K., Abrams, G. D., McCormick, F. M., & Bach, B. R. (2013). Return to sport following shoulder surgery in the elite pitcher: A systematic review. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 5(4), 367–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738113482673
   Google Scholar
• Holt, T., & Oliver, G. D. (2016). Hip and upper extremity kinematics in youth baseball pitchers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(9), 856–861. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1076163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karduna, A. R., McClure, P. W., Michener, L. A., & Sennett, B. (2001). Dynamic measurements of three-dimensional scapular kinematics: A validation study. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 123(2), 184–190. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1351892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kibler, W.B. (1998). The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(2), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260022801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kibler, W.B., Sciascia, A., & Moore, S. (2012). An acute throwing episode decreases shoulder internal rotation. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research, 470(6), 1545–1551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-011-2217-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konda, S., Yanai, T., & Sakurai, S. (2015). Configuration of the shoulder complex during the arm-cocking phase in baseball pitching. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(10), 2445–2451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515594379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krajnik, S., Fogarty, K. J., Yard, E. E., & Comstock, R. D. (2010). Shoulder injuries in US high school baseball and softball athletes, 2005-2008. Pediatrics, 125(3), 497–501. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laudner, K. G., Stanek, J. M., & Meister, K. (2007). Differences in scapular upward rotation between baseball pitchers and position players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(12), 2091–2095. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507305098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lempereur, M., Brochard, S., Leboeuf, F., & Rémy-Néris, O. (2014). Validity and reliability of 3D marker based scapular motion analysis: A systematic review. Journal of Biomechanics, 47(10), 2219–2230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.04.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesniak, B. P., Baraga, M. G., Jose, J., Smith, M. K., Cunningham, S., & Kaplan, L. D. (2013). Glenohumeral findings on magnetic resonance imaging correlate with innings pitched in asymptomatic pitchers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(9), 2022–2027. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546513491093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludewig, P. M., & Reynolds, J. F. (2009). The association of scapular kinematics and glenohumeral joint pathologies. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 39(2), 90–104. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2009.2808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazoué, C.G., & Andrews, J.R. (2006). J. repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears in profesional baseball players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(2), 182189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505279916
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh, M. P., Tyler, T. F., Mullaney, M. J., Mirabella, M. R., & Nicholas, S. J. (2016). The effect of a high pitch volume on musculoskeletal adaptations in high school baseball pitchers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(9), 2246–2254. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516650183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, K. E., Saether, E. E., Soiney, E. K., Shebeck, M. S., Paddock, K. L., & Ludewig, P. M. (2008). Three-dimensional scapular kinematics during the throwing motion. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 24(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.24.1.24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michener, L. A., McClure, P. W., & Karduna, A. R. (2003). Anatomical and biomechanical mechanisms of subacromial impingement syndrome. Clinical Biomechanics, 18(5), 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(03)00047-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers, J. B., Laudner, K. G., Pasquale, M. R., Bradley, J. P., & Lephart, S. M., & Myers JB. Scapular Position and. (2005). Orientation in throwing athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(2), 263–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504268138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson, K. F., Richardson, R. T., Rapp, E. A., Quinton, R. G., Anzilotti, K. F., & Richards, J. G. (2017). Validation of a mathematical approach to estimate dynamic scapular orientation. Journal of Biomechanics, 54(March 21), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.01.025
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nissen, C. W., Westwell, M., Õunpuu, S., Patel, M., TATE, J. P., Pierz, K., Burns, J. P., & Bicos, J. (2007). Adolescent baseball pitching technique: A detailed three-dimensional biomechanical analysis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(8), 1347–1357. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318064c88e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamoto, S., Endo, Y., Saito, R., Nakazawa, R., & Sakamoto, M. (2018). Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of glenohumeral, scapular, and thoracic angles at maximum shoulder external rotation associated with baseball shadow pitching: Comparison with normal pitching. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 30(7), 938–942. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.30.938
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oliver, G., & Weimar, W. (2015). Scapula kinematics of youth baseball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 49(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J., Kim, J., Seo, B. H., Yu, H. D., Sim, J. H., Lee, J. H., Oh, K. S., & Chung, S. W. (2020). Three-dimensional analysis of scapular kinematics during arm elevation in baseball players with scapular dyskinesis: Comparison of dominant and nondominant arms. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 29(1), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellegrini, A., Tonino, P., Paladini, P., Cutti, A., Ceccarelli, F., & Porcellini, G. (2013). Motion analysis assessment of alterations in the scapulo-humeral rhythm after throwing in baseball pitchers. Musculoskeletal SURGERY, 97(1 SUPPL), S9–S13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12306-013-0253-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Posner, M., Cameron, K. L., Wolf, J. M., Belmont, P. J., & Owens, B. D. (2011). Epidemiology of major league baseball injuries. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(8), 1676–1680. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546511411700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, J. W., & Barber-Foss, K. D. (2000). Sex-related injury patterns among selected high school sports. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(3), 385–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465000280031801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapp, E. A., Richardson, R. T., Russo, S. A., Rose, W. C., & Richards, J. G. (2017). A comparison of two non-invasive methods for measuring scapular orientation in functional positions. Journal of Biomechanics, 61(August 16), 269–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.07.032
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richardson, R. T. (2021). An individualized linear model approach for estimating scapular kinematics during baseball pitching. Journal of Biomechanics, 114 (January 4), 110160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saka, M., Yamauchi, H., Yoshioka, T., Hamada, H., & Gamada, K. (2015). Scapular kinematics during late cocking of a simulated throwing activity in baseball players with shoulder injury: A cross-sectional study using a 3D-to-2D registration technique. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 24(2), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seitz, A. L., Reinold, M., Schneider, R. A., Gill, T. J., & Thigpen, C. A. (2012). No effect of scapular position on 3-dimensional scapular motion in the throwing shoulder of healthy professional pitchers. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 21(2), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.21.2.186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, S. F., Guess, T. M., Plackis, A. C., Sherman, S. L., & Gray, A. D. (2018). Youth baseball pitching mechanics: A systematic review. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 10(2), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738117738189
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). Statistical abstract of the United States.
   Google Scholar
• van Andel, C., van Hutten, K., Eversdijk, M., Veeger, D., & Harlaar, J. (2009). Recording scapular motion using an acromion marker cluster. Gait & Posture, 29(1), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.07.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner, M. B., Chappell, P. H., & Stokes, M. J. (2012). Measuring scapular kinematics during arm lowering using the acromion marker cluster. Human Movement Science, 31(2), 386–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2011.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner, S. L., Gill, T.J., Murray, T.A., Cook, T.D., & Hawkins, R.J. (2001). Relationships between throwing mechanics and shoulder distraction in collegiate baseball pitchers. The Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 29(3), 354–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465010290031701
   Google Scholar
• Wilk, K. E., Obma, P., Simpson, C. D., Cain, E. L., Dugas, J. R., & Andrews, J. R. (2009). Shoulder injuries in the overhead athlete. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 39(2), 38–54. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2009.2929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woltring, H. J., Huiskes, R., de Lange, A., & Veldpaus, F. E. (1985). Finite centroid and helical axis estimation from noisy landmark measurements in the study of human joint kinematics. Journal of Biomechanics, 18(5), 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(85)90293-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, G., Fct, V. D. H., Veeger, H. E. J., Makhsous, M., Van Roy, P., Anglin, C., Nagels, J., Karduna, A. R., McQuade, K., Wang, X., Werner, F. W., & Buchholz, B. (2005). ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion - Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(5), 981–992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaremski, J. L., & Krabak, B. J. (2012). Shoulder injuries in the skeletally immature baseball pitcher and recommendations for the prevention of injury. Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 4(7), 509–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.04.005
   Google Scholar