1,471
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Sports Performance

Physical determinants of golf swing performance in competitive youth golfers

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 1744-1752 | Received 26 Apr 2023, Accepted 03 Dec 2023, Published online: 27 Dec 2023

References

  • Balyi, I., & Hamilton, A. (2004). Long-term Athlete development: Trainability in childhood and adolescence—Windows of Opportunity—optimal trainability. National Coaching Institute British Columbia & Advanced Training and Performance Ltd.
  • Bergeron, M. F., Mountjoy, M., Armstrong, N., Chia, M., Côté, J., Emery, C., Faigenbaum, A., Hall, G., Kriemler, S., & Léglise, M. (2015). International Olympic committee consensus statement on youth athletic development. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49, 843–851. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094962
  • Beunen, G., & Malina, R. M. (1988). Growth and physical performance relative to the timing of the adolescent spurt. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 16, 503–540. https://doi.org/10.1249/00003677-198800160-00018
  • Boyer, C., Tremblay, M., Saunders, T. J., McFarlane, A., Borghese, M., Lloyd, M., & Longmuir, P. (2013). Feasibility, validity, and reliability of the plank isometric hold as a field-based assessment of torso muscular endurance for children 8–12 years of age. Pediatric Exercise Science, 25(3), 407–422. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.25.3.407
  • Chavda, S., Bromley, T., Jarvis, P., Williams, S., Bishop, C., Turner, A. N., Lake, J. P., & Mundy, P. D. (2018). Force-time characteristics of the countermovement jump: Analyzing the Curve in Excel. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 40(2), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000353
  • Coughlan, D., Taylor, M. J. D., Jackson, J., Ward, N., & Beardsley, C. (2020). Physical characteristics of youth elite golfers and their relationship with driver clubhead speed. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(1), 212–217. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002300
  • Coughlan, D., Ward, N. (2017). England golf’s physical preparation programme, implemented for the under-16 regional elite golf players. Prof Strength Cond, 46(1), 28–34.
  • DiFiori, J. P., Benjamin, H. J., Brenner, J. S., Gregory, A., Jayanthi, N., Landry, G. L., & Luke, A. (2014). Overuse injuries and burnout in youth sports: A position statement from the American medical society for sports medicine. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(4), 287–288. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-093299
  • Dobbs, I. J., Oliver, J. L., Wong, M. A., Moore, I. S., & Lloyd, R. S. (2020a). Effects of a 12-week training program on isometric and dynamic force-time characteristics in pre– and post–peak height velocity male athletes. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(3), 653–662. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003467
  • Dobbs, I. J., Oliver, J. L., Wong, M. A., Moore, I. S., & Lloyd, R. S. (2020b). Movement competency and measures of isometric and dynamic strength and power in boys of different maturity status. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(11), 2143–2153. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13773
  • Dotan, R., Mitchell, C., Cohen, R., Klentrou, P., Gabriel, D., & Falk, B. (2012). Child—adult differences in muscle activation — a review. Pediatric Exercise Science, 24(1), 2–21. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.24.1.2
  • Ehlert, A. (2021). The correlations between physical attributes and golf clubhead speed: A systematic review with quantitative analyses. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(10), 1351–1363. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1829081
  • Ehlert, A. M. (2020). The effects of strength and conditioning interventions on golf performance: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(23), 2720–2731. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1796470
  • Faigenbaum, A. D., Lloyd, R. S., & Oliver, J. L. (2019). Essentials of youth fitness. Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Falk, B., Brunton, L., Dotan, R., Usselman, C., Klentrou, P., & Gabriel, D. (2009). Muscle strength and contractile kinetics of isometric elbow flexion in girls and women. Pediatric Exercise Science, 21(3), 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.21.3.354
  • Fradkin, A. J., Sherman, C. A., & Finch, C. F. (2004). How well does club head speed correlate with golf handicaps? Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport / Sports Medicine Australia, 7(4), 465–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1440-2440(04)80265-2
  • Gould, Z. I., Oliver, J., Lloyd, R. S., Neil, R., & Bull, M. (2018). The golf movement screen (GMS) is related to spine control and x-factor of the golf 1 swing in low handicap golfers. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(1), 240–246. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002664
  • Gould, Z. I., Oliver, J., Lloyd, R. S., Read, P., & Neil, R. (2017). Intra and inter-rater reliability of the golf movement screen (GMS). International Jounral of Golf Science, 6(2), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijgs.2017-0010
  • Gulgin, H. R., Schulte, B. C., & Crawley, A. A. (2014). Correlation of titleist performance Institute (TPI) level 1 movement screens and golf swing faults. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(2), 534–539. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31829b2ac4
  • Haff, G. G., Ruben, R. P., Lider, J., Twine, C., & Cormie, P. (2015). A comparison of methods for determining the rate of force development during isometric midthigh clean pulls. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(2), 386–395. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000705
  • Hellström, J. (2009). Competitive elite golf. Sports Medicine, 39(9), 723–741. https://doi.org/10.2165/11315200-000000000-00000
  • Hopkins, W. (2017). Spreadsheets for analysis of validity and reliability (excel spreadsheet) [internet]. Internet Society for Sports Science. Accessed April 1, 2023, Available at http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/index.html
  • Hopkins, W. G. (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Medicine, 30(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200030010-00001
  • Johnson, D. M., Cumming, S. P., Bradley, B., & Williams, S. (2022). The influence of exposure, growth and maturation on injury risk in male academy football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(10), 1127–1136. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2022.2051380
  • Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability Research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012
  • Kozieł, S. M., & Malina, R. M. (2018). Modified maturity offset prediction equations: Validation in independent longitudinal samples of boys and girls. Sports Medicine, 48(1), 221–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0750-y
  • LaPrade, R. F., Agel, J., Baker, J., Brenner, J. S., Cordasco, F. A., Côté, J., Engebretsen, L., Feeley, B. T., Gould, D., Hainline, B., Hewett, T. E., Jayanthi, N., Kocher, M. S., Myer, G. D., Nissen, C. W., Philippon, M. J., & Provencher, M. T. (2016). AOSSM early Sport specialization consensus statement. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 4(4), 2325967116644241. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967116644241
  • Lauersen, J. B., Bertelsen, D. M., & Andersen, L. B. (2014). The effectiveness of exercise interventions to prevent sports injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(11), 871–877. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092538
  • Leidersdorf, E., Rauch, J., Reeves, T., Borkan, L., Francis, J., Storey, L., Souza, E. O. D., Elliott, M., & Ugrinowitsch, C. (2022). Reliability and effectiveness of a lateral countermovement jump for stratifying shuffling performance amongst elite basketball players. Sports, 10(11), 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10110186
  • Lloyd, R. S., Cronin, J. B., Faigenbaum, A. D., Haff, G. G., Howard, R., Kraemer, W. J., Micheli, L. J., Myer, G. D., & Oliver, J. L. (2016). National strength and Conditioning association position statement on long-term athletic development. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1491–1509. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001387
  • Lloyd, R. S., Faigenbaum, A. D., Stone, M. H., Oliver, J. L., Jeffreys, I., Moody, J. A., Brewer, C., Pierce, K. C., McCambridge, T. M., Howard, R., Herrington, L., Hainline, B., Micheli, L. J., Jaques, R., Kraemer, W. J., McBride, M. G., Best, T. M., Chu, D. A., Alvar, B. A., & Myer, G. D. (2014). Position statement on youth resistance training: The 2014 International consensus. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(7), 498–505. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092952
  • Lloyd, R. S., & Oliver, J. L. (2012). The youth physical development model: A new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 34(3), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31825760ea
  • Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Faigenbaum, A. D., Myer, G. D., & Ste Croix MBA, D. (2014). Chronological age vs. Biological maturation: Implications for Exercise programming in youth. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(5), 1454–1464. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000391
  • Lloyd, R. S., Radnor, J. M., Ste Croix MBA, D., Cronin, J. B., & Oliver, J. L. (2016). Changes in sprint and jump performances after traditional, plyometric, and combined resistance training in male youth pre- and post-peak height velocity. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(5), 1239–1247. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001216
  • Meylan, C., McMaster, T., Cronin, J., Mohammad, N. I., Rogers, C., & deKlerk, M. (2009). Single-leg lateral, horizontal, and vertical jump assessment: Reliability, interrelationships, and ability to predict sprint and change-of-direction performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1140–1147. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318190f9c2
  • Mirwald, R. L., Baxter-Jones, A. D., Bailey, D. A., & Beunen, G. P. (2002). An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(4), 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200204000-00020
  • Moeskops, S., Oliver, J. L., Read, P. J., Cronin, J. B., Myer, G. D., Haff, G. G., & Lloyd, R. S. (2018). Within-and between-session reliability of the isometric mid-thigh pull in young female athletes. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(7), 1892. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002566
  • Moeskops, S., Oliver, J. L., Read, P. J., HAFF, G. G., MYER, G. D., & LLOYD, R. S. (2022). Effects of a 10-month neuromuscular training program on strength, power, speed, and vault performance in young female gymnasts. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 54(5), 861–871. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002862
  • Parchmann, C. J., & McBride, J. M. (2011). Relationship between functional movement screen and athletic performance. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3378–3384. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318238e916
  • Pelz, D., Pelz, E., Evans, S., Bracey, D. (2008). Golfer performance: amateurs vs. pros. Presented at Science and Golf V Proceedings of the world scientific congress of golf, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
  • Read, P. J., Lloyd, R. S., Croix, M. D. S., & Oliver, J. L. (2013). Relationships between field-based measures of strength and power and golf club head speed. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(10), 2708–2713. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318280ca00
  • Sanders, J., Gould, Z. I., & Moody, J. A. (2020). The relationship between isometric mid-thigh pull force-time characteristics and swing performance in high-level youth golfers. International Jounral of Golf Science, 9(2), 54–59. https://doi.org/10.17338/trainology.9.2_54
  • Shaw, J., Gould, Z. I., Oliver, J. L., & Lloyd, R. S. (2021). Physical determinants of golf swing performance: Considerations for youth golfers. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 44(4), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000689
  • Shaw, J., Gould, Z. I., Oliver, J. L., & Lloyd, R. S. (2022). Perceptions and approaches of golf coaches towards strength and conditioning activities for youth golfers. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 18(5), 1629–1638. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541221132371
  • Shaw, J., Gould, Z. I., Oliver, J. L., & Lloyd, R. S. (In Press). Within and between-session reliability of golf swing variables using the TrackMan launch monitor in talented golfers. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 37(12), 2431–2437. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004554
  • Stone, M. H. (1993). Position Statement: Explosive Exercise and Training. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 15(3), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1519/0744-0049(1993)015<0007:EEAT>2.3.CO;2
  • Sullivan, G. M., & Feinn, R. (2012). Using effect size—or why the P value is not enough. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 4(3), 279–282. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-12-00156.1
  • Sweeney, M., Mills, P., Alderson, J., & Elliott, B. (2013). The influence of club-head kinematics on early ball flight characteristics in the golf drive. Sports Biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports, 12(3), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2013.772225
  • Tumkur Anil Kumar, N., Oliver, J. L., Lloyd, R. S., Pedley, J. S., & Radnor, J. M. (2021). The influence of growth, maturation and resistance training on muscle-tendon and neuromuscular adaptations: A narrative review. Sports, 9(5), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9050059
  • Uthoff, A., Sommerfield, L. M., & Pichardo, A. W. (2021). Effects of resistance training methods on golf clubhead speed and hitting distance: A systematic review. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(9), 2651–2660. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004085
  • Wells, J. E., Mitchell, A. C., Charalambous, L. H., & Fletcher, I. M. (2018). Relationships between highly skilled golfers’ clubhead velocity and force producing capabilities during vertical jumps and an isometric mid-thigh pull. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(16), 1847–1851. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1423611