Standing on the gateway to memory: Shouldn't we step in?

References

• Aggleton , J. P. and Brown , M. W. 1999 . Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampalanterior thalamic axis . Behavioural and Brain Sciences , 22 : 425 – 489 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allman , J. 1990 . “ Evolution of neocortex ” . In Cerebral cortex, Vol. 8A: Comparative structure and evolution of cerebral cortex , Edited by: Jones , E. G. and Peters , A. 269 – 283 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Amaral , D. G. , Ishizuka , N. and Claiborne , B. 1990 . Neurons, numbers and the hippocampal network . Progress in Brain Research , 83 : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amit , D. J. 1995 . The Hebbian paradigm reintegrated: Local reverberations as internal representations . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 18 : 617 – 657 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin , K. B. , White , L. H. and Shapiro , M. L. 1993 . Short and long-term effects of experience on hippocampal place fields . Society of Neuroscience Abstracts , 19 : 797
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , C. A. , Suster , M. S. , Shen , J. and McNaughton , B. L. 1997b . Multistability of cognitive maps in the hippocampus of old rats . Nature , 388 : 272 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battaglia , P. P. and Treves , A. 1998a . Stable and rapid recurrent processing in realistic autoassociative memories . Neural Computation , 10 : 431 – 450 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battaglia , F. P. and Treves , A. 1998 . Attractor neural networks storing multiple space representations: A model for hippocampal place fields . Physical Review E , 58 : 7738 – 7753 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingman , V. P. and Jones , T.-J. 1994 . Sun-compass based spatial learning impaired in homing pigeons with hippocampal lesions . Journal of Neuroscience , 14 : 6687 – 6694 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bland , B. H. , Oddie , S. D. , Colom , L. V. and Vertes , R. P. 1994 . Extrinsic modulation of medial septal cell discharges by the ascending brainstem hippocampal synchronizing pathway . Hippocampus , 4 : 649 – 660 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bliss , T. V. and Lomo , T. 1973 . Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path . Journal of Physiology , 232 : 331 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braitenberg , V. and Schüz , A. 1991 . Anatomy of the cortex , Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Buzsaki , G. , Leung , L. S. and Vanderwolf , C. H. 1983 . Cellular bases of hippocampal EEG in the behaving rat . Brain Research Reviews , 6 : 139 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll , R. L. 1988 . Vertebrate paleontology and evolution , New York : W.H. Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Cipolotti , L. , Shallice , T. , Chan , D. , Foz , N. , Scahill , R. , Harrison , G. , Stevens , J. and Rudge , P. 2001 . Longterm retrograde amnesia … the crucial role of the hippocampus . Neuropsychologia , 39 : 151 – 172 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton , N. S. , Griffiths , D. P. , Emery , N. J. and Dickinson , A. 2001 . Elements of episodic like memory in animals . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B , 356 : 1483 – 1491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton , N. and Krebs , J. R. 1995 . Memory in foodstoring birds: From behaviour to brain . Current Opinion in Neurobiology , 5 : 149 – 154 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Collingridge , G. L. and Bliss , T. V. 1995 . Memories of NMDA receptors and LTP . Trends in Neuroscience , 18 : 54 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , B. C. and Mizumori , S. J. Y. 2001 . Temporary inactivation of the retrosplenial cortex causes a transient reorganization of spatial coding in the hippocamus . Journal of Neuroscience , 21 : 3986 – 4001 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diamond , I. T. and Hall , W. C. 1969 . Evolution of neocortex . Science , 164 : 251 – 262 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eichenbaum , H. , Otto , T. and Cohen , N. J. 1992 . The hippocampus—what does it do? . Behavioral and Neural Biology , 57 : 2 – 36 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eichenbaum , H. , Otto , T. and Cohen , N. J. 1994 . Two functional components of the hippocampal memory system . Behavioural and Brain Sciences , 17 : 449 – 472 .
   Google Scholar
• Eichenbaum , H. , Stewart , C. and Morris , R. G. M. 1990 . Hippocampal representation in place learning . Journal of Neuroscience , 10 : 3531 – 3542 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulvi Mari , C. , Panzeri , S. , Rolls , E. T. and Treves , A. 2000 . “ A quantitative model of information processing in CA1 ” . In Information theory and the brain , Edited by: Baddeley , R. , Foldák , P. and Hancock , P. 273 – 289 . Cambridge, MS : MIT Press . Cambridge
   Google Scholar
• Fuster , J. M. 1999 . Memory in the cerebral cortex , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gaffan , D. 1997 . Episodic and semantic memory and the role of the not-hippocampus . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 1 : 246 – 248 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gardner-Medwin , A. R. 1976 . The recall of events through the learning of associations between their parts . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , 194 : 375 – 402 .
   Google Scholar
• Gloor , P. 1997 . The temporallobe and limbic system , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gormezano , I. , Kehoe , E. J. and Marshall , B. S. 1983 . Twenty years of classical conditioning research with the rabbit . Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology , 10 : 197 – 275 .
   Google Scholar
• Haskell , E. , Samengo , I. and Treves , A. 2001 . What is the role of CA1? Analyses and simulations . Society of Neuroscience Abstracts , 31 : 535.17
   Google Scholar
• Hasselmo , M. E. and Schnell , E. 1994 . Laminar selectivity of the cholinergic suppression of synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal region CA1: Computational modelling and brain slice physiology . Journal of Neuroscience , 14 : 3898 – 3914 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasselmo , M. , Schnell , E. and Barkai , E. 1995 . Dynamics of learning and recall at excitatory recurrent synapses and cholinergic modulation in rat hippocampal region CA3 . Journal of Neuroscience , 15 : 5249 – 5262 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasselmo , M. , Wyble , B. and Wallenstein , G. 1996 . Encoding and retrieval of episodic memories: Role of cholinergic and GABAergic modulation in hippocampus . Hippocampus , 6 : 693 – 708 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , A. J. 1978 . First occurrence of hippocampal spatial ring in a new environment . Experimental Neurology , 62 : 282 – 297 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huerta , P. T. , Sun , L. D. , Wilson , M. A. and Tonegawa , S. 2000 . Formation of temporal memory requires NMDA receptors within CA1 pyramidal neurons . Neuron , 25 : 473 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung , M. W. and McNaughton , B. L. 1993 . Spatial selectivity of unit activity in the hippocampal granular layer . Hippocampus , 3 : 165 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung , M. W. , Wiener , S. I. and McNaughton , B. L. 1994 . Comparison of spatial firing characteristics of units in dorsal and ventral hippocampus of the rat . Journal of Neuroscience , 14 : 7347 – 7356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kametani , H. and Kawamura , H. 1990 . Alterations in acetylcholine release in the rat hippocampus during sleep-wakefulness detected by intracerebral dialysis . Life Science , 47 : 421 – 426 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keener , R. P. , Gilbert , P. E. and Lee , I. 2002 . “ Subregional analysis of hippocampal function in the rat ” . In Neuropsychology of memory , 3rd ed. , Edited by: Squire , L. R. and Schacter , D. L. New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lassalle , J-M. , Bataille , T. and Halley , H. 2000 . Reversible inactivation of the hippocampal mossy fibre synapses in mice impairs spatial learning, but neither consolidation nor memory retrieval, in the Morris navigation task . Neurobiology of Learning and Memory , 73 : 243 – 257 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , L. and Keener , R. P. in press . Differential contribution of NMDA receptors in different hippocampal subregions to spatial working memory . Nature Neuroscience ,
   Google Scholar
• Markus , E. J. , Barnes , C. A. , McNaughton , B. L. , Gladden , V. L. and Skaggs , W. E. 1994 . Spatial information content and reliability of hippocampal CA1 neurons: Effects of visual input . Hippocampus , 4 : 410 – 421 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marr , D. 1969 . A theory of cerebellar cortex . Journal of Physiology , 202 : 437 – 470 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marr , D. 1970 . A theory for cerebral cortex . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , 176 : 161 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marr , D. 1971 . Simple memory: A theory for archicortex . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B , 262 : 24 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrosu , F. , Portas , C. , Mascia , M. S. , Casu , M. A. , Fa , M. , Giagheddu , M. , Imperato , A. and Cessa , G. L. 1995 . Microdialysis measurement of cortical and hippocampal acetycholine release during sleep-wake cycle in freely moving cats . Brain Research , 671 : 329 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayes , A. R. and Roberts , N. 2001 . Theories of episodic memory . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B , 356 : 1395 – 1408 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland , J. L. , McNaughton , B. L. and O'Reilly , R. C. 1995 . Why there are complementary learning systems in hippocampus and neocortex: Insights of the success and failure of connectionist models of learning and memory . Psychology Review , 102 : 419 – 457 .
   Google Scholar
• McCloskey , M. and Cohen , N. J. 1989 . “ Catastrophic interference in connectionist networks: the sequential learning problem ” . In The psychology of learning and motivation , Edited by: Bower , G. H. Vol. 24 , 109 – 164 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• McNaughton , B. L. , Leonard , B. and Chen , L. 1989 . Cortical-hippocampal interactions and cognitive mapping: A hypothesis based on reintegration of the parietal and inferotemporal pathways for visual processing . Psychobiology , 17 : 230 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• McNaughton , B. L. and Morris , R. G. M. 1987 . Hippocampal synaptic enhancement and information storage . Trends in Neuroscience , 10 : 408 – 415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta , M. R. 2001 . Neuronal dynamics of predictive encoding . Neuroscientist , 7 : 490 – 495 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mehta , M. R. , Barnes , C. A. and McNaughton , B. L. 1997 . Experience-dependent, asymmetric expansion of hippocampal place fields . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA , 94 : 8918 – 8921 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishkin , M. 1978 . Memory in monkeys severely disrupted by combined but not by separate removal of amygdala and hippocampus . Nature , 273 : 297 – 299 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagnini , A. and Treves , A. 2002 . The evolution of mammalian cortex, from lamination to a realization Manuscript submitted for publication
   Google Scholar
• Morris , R. G. M. , Garrud , P. , Rawlins , J. N. and O'Keefe , J. 1982 . Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions . Nature , 297 : 681 – 683 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , R. G. M. , Schenk , F. , Tweedie , F. and Jarrard , L. E. 1990 . Ibotenate lesions of hippocampus and/ or subiculum: Dissociating components of allocentric spatial learning . European Journal of Neuroscience , 2 : 1016 – 1028 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Keefe , J. and Conway , D. H. 1978 . Hippocampal place units in the freely moving rat: Why they fire where they fire . Experimental Brain Research , 31 : 573 – 590 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Keefe , J. and Dostrovsky , J. 1971 . The hippocampus as a spatial map: Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely moving rat . Brain Research , 34 : 171 – 175 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Keefe , J. and Speakman , A. 1987 . Single unit activity in the rat hippocampus during a spatial memory task . Experimental Brain Research , 68 : 1 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Reilly , R. C. 1996 . Biologically plausible error-driven learning using local activation differences: The generalized recirculation algorithm . Neural Computation , 8 : 895 – 938 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Reilly , R. C. and Rudy , J. W. 2000 . Computational principles of learning in the neocortex and hippocampus . Hippocampus , 10 : 389 – 397 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packard , M. G. and McGaugh , J. L. 1992 . Double dissociation of fornix and caudate nucleus lesions on acquisition of two water maze tasks: Further evidence for multiple memory systems . Behavioral Neuroscience , 106 : 439 – 446 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quirk , G. J. , Muller , R. U. and Kubie , J. L. 1990 . The firing of hippocampal place cells in the dark depends on the rat's previous experience . Journal of Neuroscience , 10 : 2008 – 2017 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawlins , J. N. P. 1985 . Associations across time: The hippocampus as a temporary memory store . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 8 : 479 – 496 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redish , A. D. 1999 . Beyond the cognitive map: From place celk to episodic memory , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Robertson , R. G. , Rolls , E. T. and Georges-Francois , P. 1998 . Spatial view cells in the primate hippocampus: Effects of removal of view details . Journal of Neurophysiology , 79 : 1145 – 1156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolls , E. T. 1989 . “ Functions of neuronal networks in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in memory ” . In Models of brain Junction , Edited by: Cotterill , R. 15 – 33 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rolls , E. T. and Treves , A. 1998 . Neural networks and brain function , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rolls , E. T. , Treves , A. , Robertson , R. G. , GeorgesFrancois , P. and Panzeri , S. 1998 . Information about spatial view in an ensemble of primate hippocampal cells . Journal of 'Neurophysiology , 79 : 1797 – 1813 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samengo , I. and Treves , A. 2001 . Representational capacity of a set of independent neurons . Physical Review E , 63 : 11910 – 11924 .
   Google Scholar
• Schultz , S. R. , Panzeri , S. , Rolls , E. T. and Treves , A. 2000 . “ Quantitative analysis of a Schaer collateral model ” . In Information theory and the brain , Edited by: Baddeley , R. , Foldak , P. and Hancock , P. 257 – 272 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scoville , W. B. and Milner , B. 1957 . Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions . Journal of Neurolology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 20 : 11 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal , M. and Olds , J. 1973 . Activity of units in the hippocampal circuit of the rat during differential classical conditioning . Journal of Comparative Physiology and Psychology , 82 : 195 – 204 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skaggs , W. E. , McNaughton , B. L. , Wilson , M. A. and Barnes , C. A. 1996 . Theta phase precession in hippocampal neuronal populations and the compression of temporal sequences . Hippocampus , 6 : 149 – 172 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small , S. A. , Nava , A. S. , Pereia , G. M. , DeLaPaz , R. , Mayeux , R. and Stein , Y. 2001 . Circuit mechanisms underlying memory encoding and retrieval in the long axis of the hippocampal formation . Nature Neuroscience , 4 : 442 – 448 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spiers , H. J. , Maguire , E. A. and Burgess , N. 2001 . Hippocampal amnesia . Neurocase , 7 : 357 – 382 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squire , L. R. 1987 . Memory and brain , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Steffenach , H.-A. , Sloviter , R. S. , Moser , E. I. and Moser , M.-B. in press . Impaired retention of spatial memory after transection of longitudinally-oriented axons of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 99 ,
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland , R. J. and Rodriguez , A. J. 1990 . The role of the fornix/fimbria and some related subcortical structures in place learning and memory . Behavioral and Brain Research , 32 : 265 – 277 .
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland , R. J. and Rudy , J. W. 1989 . Configural association theory: The role of the hippocampal formation in learning, memory and amnesia . Psychobiology , 17 : 129 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland , R. J. , Whishaw , D. and KoIb , B. 1983 . A behavioral analysis of spatial localization following electrolytic kainate- or colchicine-induced damage to the hippocampal formation in the rat . Behavioral and Brain Research , 7 : 133 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanila , H. , Sipilä , P. , Shapiro , M. and Eichenbaum , H. 1997 . Brain aging: Impaired coding of novel environmental cues . Journal of Neuroscience , 17 : 5167 – 5174 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Treves , A. 1995 . Quantitative estimate of the information relayed by the Schaffer collaterals . Journal of Computational Neuroscience , 2 : 259 – 272 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Treves , A. 2001 . “ Information coding in higher sensory and memory areas ” . In Handbook of biological physics, Vol. 4: Neuro-informatics and neural modelling , Edited by: Moss , F. and Gielen , S. 825 – 852 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Treves , A. , Georges-Francois , P. , Panzeri , S. , Robertson , R. G. and Rolls , E. T. 1998 . “ The metric content of spatial views as represented in the primate hippocampus ” . In Neural circuits and networks , Edited by: Torre , V. and Nicholls , J. Berlin : Springer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Treves , A. , Miglino , O. and Parisi , D. 1992 . Rats, nets, maps and the emergence of place cells . Psychobiology , 20 : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Treves , A. and Rolls , E. T. 1992 . Computational constraints suggest the need for two distinct input systems to the hippocampal CA3 network . Hippocampus , 2 : 189 – 199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treves , A. , Skaggs , W. E. and Barnes , C. A. 1996 . How much of the hippocampus can be explained by functional constraints? . Hippocampus , 6 : 666 – 674 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ulinski , P. S. 1990 . “ The cerebral cortex of reptiles ” . In Cerebral cortex, Vol. 8A, Comparative structure and evolution of cerebral cortex , Edited by: Jones , E. G. and Peters , A. 139 – 215 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vazdarjanova , A. I. , McNaughton , B. L. , Barnes , C. A. , Worley , P. P. and Guzowski , J. F. 2001 . Neural activity mapping with temporal and cellular resolution using double fluorescence in situ hybridization to the immediate-early genes Arc and Homer 1a . Society of Neuroscience Abstract , 31 : 316.1
   Google Scholar
• Vertes , R. P. 1988 . Brainstem afferents to the basal forebrain in the rat . Neuroscience , 24 : 907 – 935 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vertes , R. P. and Kocsis , B. 1997 . Brainstemdiencephalo-septohippocampal systems controlling the theta rhythm of the hippocampus . Neuroscience , 81 : 893 – 926 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willshaw , D. and Buckingham , J. 1990 . An assessment of Marr's theory of the hippocampus as a temporary memory store . Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London B , 329 : 205 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , M. A. and McNaughton , B. L. 1993 . Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space . Science , 261 : 1055 – 1058 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , M. A. and McNaughton , B. L. 1994 . Reactivation of hippocampal ensemble memories during sleep . Science , 265 : 676 – 679 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zipser , D. and Andersen , R. A. 1988 . A backpropagation programmed network that simulates response properties of a subset of posterior parietal neurons . Nature , 31 : 679 – 684 .
   Google Scholar
• Zola-Morgan , S. and Squire , L. R. 1986 . Memory impairment in monkeys following lesions limited to the hippocampus . Behavioral Neuroscience , 100 : 155 – 160 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zola-Morgan , S. , Squire , L. R. , Alvarez-Royo , P. and Glower , R. P. 1991 . Independence of memory functions and emotional behavior: Separate contributions of the hippocampal formation and the amygdala . Hippocampus , 1 : 181 – 194 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zola-Morgan , S. , Squire , L. R. , Amaral , D. G. and Suzuki , W. A. 1989 . Lesions of perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex that spare the amygdala and hippocampal formation produce severe memory impairment . Journal of Neuroscience , 9 : 4355 – 4370 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar