A nonlinear model of word length effects in apraxia of speech

References

• Aichert , I and Ziegler , W . (2004a) . Syllable frequency and syllable structure in apraxia of speech . Brain and Language , 88 : 148 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aichert , I and Ziegler , W . (2004b) . Segmental and metrical encoding in aphasia: Two case reports . Aphasiology , 18 : 1201 – 1211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baayen RH Piepenbrock R Van Rijn H (1993) The CELEX lexical database (CDROM) Philadelphia Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania
   Google Scholar
• Bachoud-Lévi , AC , Dupoux , E , Cohen , L and Mehler , J . (1998) . Where is the length effect—a cross-linguistic study of speech production . Journal of Memory and Language , 39 : 331 – 346 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballard , KJ , Granier , JP and Robin , DA . (2000) . Understanding the nature of apraxia of speech: Theory, analysis, and treatment . Aphasiology , 14 : 969 – 995 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best , W . (1995) . A reverse length effect in dysphasic naming: When elephant is easier than ant . Cortex , 31 : 637 – 652 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brendel , B , Ziegler , W and Deger , K . (2000) . The synchronization paradigm in the treatment of apraxia of speech . Journal of Neurolinguistics , 13 : 254 – 257 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caplan D (1987) Phonological representations in word production In E. Keller & M. Gopnik (Eds.) Motor and sensory processes of language (pp. 111–124) Hillsdale NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc
   Google Scholar
• Clements GN Keyser SJ (1983) CV phonology. A generative theory of the syllable Cambridge MA MIT Press
   Google Scholar
• Croot , K . (2002) . Diagnosis of AOS: Definition and criteria . Seminars in Speech and Language , 23 : 267 – 280 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Croot , K , Patterson , K and Hodges , JR . (1998) . Single word production in nonfluent progressive aphasia . Brain and Language , 61 : 226 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong , KJ . (2001) . Effects of syllable affiliation and consonant voicing on temporal adjustment in a repetitive speech-production task . Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 44 : 826 – 840 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deal , JL and Darley , FL . (1972) . The influence of linguistic and situational variables on phonemic accuracy in apraxia of speech . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 15 : 639 – 653 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Draper NR Smith H (1998) Applied Regression Analysis New York Wiley
   Google Scholar
• Dronkers , NF . (1996) . A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation . Nature , 384 : 159 – 161 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , AW , Miller , D and Sin , G . (1983) . Wernicke's aphasia and normal language processing: A case study in cognitive neuropsychology . Cognition , 15 : 111 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Féry , C . (1998) . German word stress in optimality theory . Journal of Comparative German Linguistics , 2 : 101 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Glosser , G , Kohn , SE , Friedman , RB , Sands , L and Grugan , P . (1997) . Repetition of single words and nonwords in Alzheimer's disease . Cortex , 33 : 653 – 666 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldsmith JA (1990) Autosegmental and metrical phonology Oxford Blackwell
   Google Scholar
• Haley , KL and Overton , HB . (2001) . Word length and vowel duration in apraxia of speech: The use of relative measures . Brain and Language , 79 : 397 – 406 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillis , AE , Work , M , Barker , PB , Jacobs , MA , Breese , EL and Maurer , K . (2004) . Re-examining the brain regions crucial for orchestrating speech articulation . Brain , 127 : 1479 – 1487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard D Franklin S (1988) Missing the meaning? Cambridge MA MIT Press
   Google Scholar
• Huber W Poeck K Weniger D Willmes K (1983) Aachener Apasie Test (AAT) Göttingen Germany Hogrefe
   Google Scholar
• Jaeger , M and Ziegler , W . (1993) . Der metrische Übungsansatz in der Sprechapraxiebehandlung: Ein Fallbericht . Neurolinguistik , 7 : 31 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Johns , DF and Darley , FL . (1970) . Phonemic variability in apraxia of speech . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 13 : 556 – 583 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katz , RB and Goodglass , H . (1990) . Deep dysphasia: Analysis of a rare form of repetition disorder . Brain and Language , 39 : 153 – 185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler , B and Treiman , R . (1997) . Syllable structure and the distribution of phonemes in English syllables . Journal of Memory and Language , 37 : 295 – 311 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohn , SE . (1989) . The nature of the phonemic string deficit in conduction aphasia . Aphasiology , 3 : 209 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohn , SE and Smith , KL . (1990) . Between-word speech errors in conduction aphasia . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 7 : 133 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krakow , RA . (1999) . Physiological organization of syllables: A review . Journal of Phonetics , 27 : 33 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levelt , WJM , Roelofs , A and Meyer , AS . (1999) . A theory of lexical access in speech production . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 22 : 1 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liepold M Ziegler W Brendel B (2003) Hierarchische Wortlisten. Ein Nachsprechtest für die Sprechapraxiediagnostik Dortmund Germany Borgmann
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy , R and Warrington , EK . (1984) . A two-route model of speech production . Brain , 107 : 463 – 485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeil MR Robin DA Schmidt RA (1997) Apraxia of speech: Definition, differentiation, and treatment In M. R. McNeil (Ed.) Clinical management of sensorimotor speech disorders (pp. 311–344) New York Thieme
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , AS , Roelofs , A and Levelt , WJM . (2003) . Word length effects in object naming: The role of a response criterion . Journal of Memory and Language , 48 : 131 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickels , L and Howard , D . (1995) . Aphasic naming: What matters? . Neuropsychologia , 33 : 1281 – 1303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickels L Howard D (2000) When the words won't come: Relating impairments and models of spoken word production In L. Wheeldon (Ed.) Aspects of language production (pp. 115–142) Hove UK Psychology Press
   Google Scholar
• Nickels , L and Howard , D . (2004) . Dissociating effects of number of phonemes, number of syllables, and syllabic complexity on word production in aphasia: It's the number of phonemes that counts . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 21 : 57 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odell , K , McNeil , M , Rosenbek , JC and Hunter , L . (1990) . Perceptual characteristics of consonant production by apraxic speakers . Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 55 : 345 – 359 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pate , DS , Saffran , EM and Martin , N . (1987) . Specifying the nature of the production impairment in a conduction aphasic: A case study . Language and Cognitive Processes , 2 : 43 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Roelofs , A . (2000), (2002) . Syllable structure effects turn out to be word length effects: Comments on Santiago et al . Language and Cognitive Processes , 17 : 1 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Roelofs , A and Meyer , AS . (1998) . Metrical structure in planning the production of spoken words . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 24 : 922 – 939 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romani , C and Calabrese , A . (1998) . Syllabic constraints in the phonological errors of an aphasic patient . Brain and Language , 64 : 83 – 121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbek JC Kent RD Lapointe LL (1984) Apraxia of speech: An overview and some perspectives In J. C. Rosenbek, M. R. McNeil, & A. E. Aronson (Eds.) Apraxia of speech: Physiology, acoustics, linguistics, management (pp. 1–72) San Diego College Hill Press
   Google Scholar
• Santiago , J , MacKay , DG and Palma , A . (2002) . Length effects turn out to be syllable structure effects: Response to Roelofs (2002) . Language and Cognitive Processes , 17 : 15 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santiago , J , MacKay , DG , Palma , A and Rho , C . (2000) . Sequential activation processes in producing words and syllables: Evidence from picture naming . Language and Cognitive Processes , 15 : 1 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiff , HB , Alexander , MP , Naeser , M and Galaburda , AM . (1983) . Aphemia. Clinical-anatomic correlations . Archives of Neurology , 40 : 720 – 727 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shallice , T , Rumiati , RI and Zadini , A . (2000) . The selective impairment of the phonological output buffer . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 17 : 517 – 546 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPSS (2001) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (v. 11.0 for Windows) New York Prentice Hall International
   Google Scholar
• Taubner , RW , Raymer , AM and Heilman , KM . (1999) . Frontal-opercular aphasia . Brain and Language , 70 : 240 – 261 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varley , R and Whiteside , SP . (2001) . What is the underlying impairment in acquired apraxia of speech? . Aphasiology , 15 : 39 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varley , R , Whiteside , S and Luff , H . (1999) . Apraxia of speech as a disruption of word-level schemata: Some durational evidence . Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology , 7 : 127 – 132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wertz RT Lapointe LL Rosenbek JC (1984) Apraxia of speech in adults. The disorder and its management Orlando FL Grune & Stratton
   Google Scholar
• Wiese R (2000) The phonology of German Oxford Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Ziegler , W . (2002) . Psycholinguistic and motor theories of apraxia of speech . Seminars in Speech and Language , 23 : 231 – 243 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ziegler , W and Jaeger , M . (1993) . Aufgabenhierarchien in der Sprechapraxie-Therapie und der “metrische” Übungsansatz . Neurolinguistik , 7 : 17 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Ziegler W Maassen B (2004) The role of the syllable in disorders of spoken language production In B. Maassen, R. D. Kent, H. F. M. Peters, P. H. H. M. van Lieshout, & W. Hulstijn (Eds.) Speech motor control in normal and disordered speech (pp. 415–447) Oxford Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar