206
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

“Looking at nothing”: An implicit ocular motor index of face recognition in developmental prosopagnosia

, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 59-70 | Received 22 Jul 2022, Accepted 02 Jul 2023, Published online: 23 Aug 2023

References

  • Altmann, G. T. (2004). Language-mediated eye movements in the absence of a visual world: the ‘blank screen paradigm’. Cognition, 93(2), B79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2004.02.005
  • Avidan, G., & Behrmann, M. (2008). Implicit familiarity processing in congenital prosopagnosia. Journal of Neuropsychology, 2(1), 141–64. https://doi.org/10.1348/174866407X260180
  • Avidan, G., & Behrmann, M. (2014). Impairment of the face processing network in congenital prosopagnosia. Frontiers in Bioscience, 6(2), 236–57. https://doi.org/10.2741/e705
  • Avidan, G., Tanzer, M., Hadj-Bouziane, F., Liu, N., Ungerleider, L. G., & Behrmann, M. (2014). Selective dissociation between core and extended regions of the face processing network in congenital prosopagnosia. Cerebral Cortex, 24(6), 1565–78. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht007
  • Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001). The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence form asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005653411471
  • Barragan-Jason, G., Lachat, F., & Barbeau, E. J. (2012). How fast is famous face recognition? Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 454. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00454
  • Barton, J., Cherkasova, M., & O'Connor, M. (2001). Covert recognition in acquired and developmental prosopagnosia. Neurology, 57(7), 1161–7. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.57.7.1161
  • Barton, J. J., & Cherkasova, M. (2003). Face imagery and its relation to perception and covert recognition in prosopagnosia. Neurology, 61(2), 220–5. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000071229.11658.F8
  • Barton, J. J., & Corrow, S. L. (2016). The problem of being bad at faces. Neuropsychologia, 89, 119–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.008
  • Barton, J. J. S. (2009). La reconnaissance implicite dans la prosopagnosie. In E. Barbeau, O. Felician, & S. Joubert (Eds.), Traitement et reconnaissance des visages: du percept à la personne (pp. 337–366). Solal.
  • Barton, J. J. S., Davies-Thompson, J., & Corrow, S. L. (2021). Prosopagnosia and disorders of face processing. In M. J. Aminoff, F. Boller, & D. F. Swaab (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neurology (pp. 175–93). Elsevier.
  • Bate, S., Haslam, C., Jansari, A., & Hodgson, T. L. (2009). Covert face recognition relies on affective valence in congenital prosopagnosia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 26(4), 391–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643290903175004
  • Bate, S., Haslam, C., Tree, J., & Hodgson, T. L. (2008). Evidence of an eye movement-based memory effect in congenital prosopagnosia. Cortex, 44(7), 806–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2007.02.004
  • Bourlon, C., Oliviero, B., Wattiez, N., Pouget, P., & Bartolomeo, P. (2011). Visual mental imagery: what the head's eye tells the mind's eye. Brain Research, 1367, 287–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.039
  • Bridge, D J, Cohen, N J, & Voss, J L. (2017). Distinct hippocampal versus frontoparietal network contributions to retrieval and memory-guided exploration. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 29(8), 1324–1338.
  • Cook, M. (1978). Eye movements during recognition of faces. In MM Gruneberg, PE Morris, & RN Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory (pp. 286–292). New York: Academic Press.
  • Corrow, S. L., Albonico, A., & Barton, J. J. S. (2018). Diagnosing prosopagnosia: The utility of visual noise in the Cambridge face recognition test. Perception, 47(3), 330–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006617750045
  • Dalrymple, K. A., Fletcher, K., Corrow, S., das Nair, R., Barton, J. J., Yonas, A., & Brad, D. (2014). “A room full of strangers every day”: The psychosocial impact of developmental prosopagnosia on children and their families. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 77(2), 144–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.06.001
  • Dalrymple, K. A., & Palermo, R. (2016). Guidelines for studying developmental prosopagnosia in adults and children. WIRES Cognitive Science, 7(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1374
  • Djouab, S., Albonico, A., Yeung, S. C., Malaspina, M., Mogard, A., Wahlberg, R., Corrow, S. L., & Barton, J. J. S. (2020). Search for face identity or expression: Set size effects in developmental prosopagnosia. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 32(5), 889–905. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01519
  • Duchaine, B., Germine, L., & Nakayama, K. (2007). Family resemblance: ten family members with prosopagnosia and within-class object agnosia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 24(4), 419–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643290701380491
  • Duchaine, B., & Nakayama, K. (2006). The Cambridge Face Memory Test: results for neurologically intact individuals and an investigation of its validity using inverted face stimuli and prosopagnosic participants. Neuropsychologia, 44(4), 576–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.001
  • Duchaine, B. C., Nieminen-von Wendt, T., New, J., & Kulomaki, T. (2003). Dissociations of visual recognition in a developmental agnosic: evidence for separate developmental processes. Neurocase, 9(5), 380–9. https://doi.org/10.1076/neur.9.5.380.16556
  • Eimer, M., Gosling, A., & Duchaine, B. (2012). Electrophysiological markers of covert face recognition in developmental prosopagnosia. Brain, 135(2), 542–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr347
  • Farah, M., O'Reilly, R., & Vecera, S. (1993). Dissociated overt and covert recognition as an emergent property of a lesioned neural network. Psychological Review, 100(4), 571–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.571
  • Ferreira, F., Apel, J., & Henderson, J. M. (2008). Taking a new look at looking at nothing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(11), 405–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2008.07.007
  • Foerster, R. M. (2018). “Looking-at-nothing” during sequential sensorimotor actions: Long-term memory-based eye scanning of remembered target locations. Vision Research, 144, 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2018.01.005
  • Hoover, M. A., & Richardson, D. C. (2008). When facts go down the rabbit hole: contrasting features and objecthood as indexes to memory. Cognition, 108(2), 533–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.02.011
  • Jenkins, R, Dowsett, A J, & Burton, A M. (2018). How many faces do people know. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 285(1888). 20181319
  • Johansson, R, & Johansson, M. (2014). Look here, eye movements play a functional role in memory retrieval. Psychological science, 25(1), 236–242.
  • Johansson, R., Holsanova, J., & Holmqvist, K. (2006). Pictures and spoken descriptions elicit similar eye movements during mental imagery, both in light and in complete darkness. Cognitive Science, 30(6), 1053–79. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0000_86
  • Laeng, B., & Teodorescu, D.-S. (2002). Eye scanpaths during visual imagery reenact those of perception of the same visual scene. Cognitive Science, 26(2), 207–31. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2602_3
  • Lee, D., Corrow, S. L., & Barton, J. J. S. (2019). The scanpaths of subjects with developmental prosopagnosia during a face memory task. Brain Sciences, 9(8), 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9080188
  • Liu, R. R., Corrow, S. L., Pancaroglu, R., Duchaine, B., & Barton, J. J. (2015). The processing of voice identity in developmental prosopagnosia. Cortex, 71, 390–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.07.030
  • Liu, Z X, Shen, K, Olsen, R K, & Ryan, J D. (2017). Visual sampling predicts hippocampal activity. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(3), 599–609.
  • MacMillan, N., & Creelman, C. (1991). Detection theory: a user's guide. Cambridge University Press.
  • Malaspina, M., Albonico, A., Rahavi, A., & Barton, J. J. S. (2022). An ocular motor index of rapid face recognition: the ‘looking-at-nothing’ effect. Brain Res.
  • Martarelli, C. S., & Mast, F. W. (2013). Eye movements during long-term pictorial recall. Psychological Research, 77(3), 303–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-012-0439-7
  • Moroz, D., Corrow, S. L., Corrow, J. C., Barton, A. R., Duchaine, B., & Barton, J. J. (2016). Localization and patterns of Cerebral dyschromatopsia: A study of Subjects with Prospagnosia. Neuropsychologia, 89, 153–160.
  • Ohl, S, & Rolfs, M. (2017). Chances and challenges for an active visual search perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40
  • Olsen, R K, Chiew, M, Buchsbaum, B R, & Ryan, J D. (2014). The relationship between delay period eye movements and visuospatial memory. Journal of Vision, 14(1), 8–8.
  • Olsen, R K, Sebanayagam, V, Lee, Y, Moscovitch, M, Grady, C L, Rosenbaum, R S, & Ryan, J D. (2016). The relationship between eye movements and subsequent recognition: Evidence from individual differences and amnesia. Cortex, 85, 182–193.
  • O'Reilly, R., & Farah, M. (1999). Simulation and explanation in neuropsychology and beyond. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 16(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/026432999380979
  • Palermo, R., Rossion, B., Rhodes, G., Laguesse, R., Tez, T., Hall, B., Albonico, A., Malaspina, M., Daini, R., Irons, J., Al-Janabi, S., Taylor, L. C., Rivolta, D., & McKone, E. (2017). Do people have insight into their face recognition abilities? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(2), 218–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1161058
  • Richardson, D. C., Altmann, G. T., Spivey, M. J., & Hoover, M. A. (2009). Much ado about eye movements to nothing: a response to Ferreira et al.: taking a new look at looking at nothing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(6), 235–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.02.006
  • Richardson, D. C., & Spivey, M. J. (2000). Representation, space and Hollywood Squares: looking at things that aren't there anymore. Cognition, 76(3), 269–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00084-6
  • Rivolta, D., Palermo, R., Schmalzl, L., & Coltheart, M. (2012). Covert face recognition in congenital prosopagnosia: a group study. Cortex, 48(3), 344–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2011.01.005
  • Rivolta, D., Schmalzl, L., Coltheart, M., & Palermo, R. (2010). Semantic information can facilitate covert face recognition in congenital prosopagnosia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1–15.
  • Rubino, C., Corrow, S. L., Duchaine, B., & Barton, J. J. S. (2016). Word and text processing in developmental prosopagnosia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 33(5-6), 315–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2016.1204281
  • Shah, P., Gaule, A., Sowden, S., Bird, G., & Cook, R. (2015). The 20-item prosopagnosia index (PI20): a self-report instrument for identifying developmental prosopagnosia. Royal Society Open Science, 2(6), 140343. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140343
  • Spivey, M. J., & Geng, J. J. (2001). Oculomotor mechanisms activated by imagery and memory: eye movements to absent objects. Psychological Research, 65(4), 235–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004260100059
  • Striemer, C., Gingerich, T., Striemer, D., & Dixon, M. (2009). Covert face priming reveals a ‘true face effect’ in a case of congenital prosopagnosia. Neurocase, 15(6), 509–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13554790902971166
  • Susilo, T., & Duchaine, B. (2013). Advances in developmental prosopagnosia research. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 23(3), 423–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.011
  • Warrington, E. (1984). Warrington recognition memory test. Western Psychological Services.
  • Warrington, E., & James, M. (1991). The visual object and space perception battery. Thames Valley Test Company.
  • Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler memory scale-III. The Psychological Corporation.
  • Wynn, J S, Shen, K, & Ryan, J D. (2019). Eye movements actively reinstate spatiotemporal mnemonic content. Vision, 3(2), 21
  • Yardley, L., McDermott, L., Pisarski, S., Duchaine, B., & Nakayama, K. (2008). Psychosocial consequences of developmental prosopagnosia: a problem of recognition. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 65(5), 445–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.03.013
  • Young, A., & Burton, A. (1999). Simulating face recognition: implications for modelling cognition. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 16(1), 1–48. doi:10.1080/026432999380960

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.