Primiparae's well‐being before and after birth and relationship with preferred and actual mode of birth in Germany and the USA

References

• Abele , A. 1991 . “ Auswirkungen von Wohlbefinden oder: Kann gute Laune schaden? ” . In Wohlbefinden. Theorie – Empirie – Diagnostik , Edited by: Abele , A and Becker , P . 297 – 325 . Weinheim, München : Juventa .
   Google Scholar
• Antonovsky , A. 1985 . Health, stress, and coping , San Francisco, London : Jossey‐Bass Publishers . (5th ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Antonovsky , A. 1987 . Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well , San Francisco : The Jossey‐Bass Cocial and Behavioral Science Series .
   Google Scholar
• Antonovsky , A. 1993a . “ Gesundheitsforschung versus Krankheitsforschung. ” . In Psychosomatische Gesundheit. Versuch einer Abkehr vom Pathogenese‐Konzept , Edited by: Franke , A and Broda , M . 3 – 14 . Tübingen : dgvt Verlag . Forum für Verhaltenstherapie und psychosoziale Praxis, Band 20
   Google Scholar
• Antonovsky , A. 1993B . Complexity, conflict, chaos, coherence, coercion and civility. . Social Science & Medicine , 37 (8) : 969 – 981 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonovsky , A. 1997 . Salutogenese. Zur Entmystifizierung der Gesundheit , Tübingen : Dgvt‐Verlag . Deutsche erweiterte Herausgabe von Alexa Franke
   Google Scholar
• Astbury , J. , Brown , S. , Lumley , J. and Small , R. 1994 . Birth events, birth experiences and social differences in postnatal depression. . Australian Journal of Public Health , 18 (2) : 176 – 184 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bech , P. , Olsen , L. , Kjoller , M. and Rasmussen , N. 2002 . Measuring well‐being rather than the absence of distress symptoms: A comparison of the SF‐36 Mental Health subscale and the WHO‐Five Well‐Being‐Scale. . International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research , 12 (2) : 85 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengel , J. , Strittmatter , R. and Willlmann , H. 1998 . “ Was erhält Menschen gesund? Antonovskys Modell der Salutogenese – Diskussionsstand und Stellenwert. Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (Ed.). ” . In Forschung und Praxis der Gesundheitsförderung (6) , Köln : BZgA .
   Google Scholar
• Bergant , A. , Nguyen , T. , Moser , R. and Ulmer , H. 1998a . Prävalenz depressiver Störungen im frühen Wochenbett. . Gynäkologisch‐geburtshilfliche Rundschau , 38 (4) : 232 – 237 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bergant , A. , Nguyen , T. , Heim , K. , Ulmer , H. and Dapunt , O. 1998b . Deutschsprachige Fassung und Validierung der ‘Edinburgh postnatal depression scale’. . Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift , 123 : 35 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BFSFJ , ed. 2002 . Bericht zur gesundheitlichen Situation von Frauen in Deutschland. Eine Bestandsaufnahme unter Berücksichtigung der unterschiedlichen Entwicklung in West‐ und Ostdeutschland , Stuttgart, Berlin, Köln : Kohlhammer . Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend Schriftenreihe (209), 2. Ed
   Google Scholar
• Bundesgeschäftsstelle Qualitätssicherung (BQS) . 2004 . “ Bundesgeschäftsstelle Qualitätssicherung GGmbH: BQS‐Qualitätsreport 2003. Kapitel 6. Geburtshilfe. ” . Retrieved November 28, 2004, from BQS Web site: http://www.bqs‐qualitaetsreport.de/2003/ergebnisse/leistungsbereiche/geburtshilfe/12Geburtshilfe‐2004‐07‐20.pdf/download
   Google Scholar
• BQS . 2007 . “ Bundesgeschäftsstelle Qualitätssicherung GGmbH: BQS‐Qualitätsreport 2006. Kapitel 4. Geburtshilfe. ” . Retrieved February 28, 2008, from BQS Web site: http://www.bqs‐qualitaetsreport.de/2006/ergebnisse/pdf
   Google Scholar
• Carter , F. A. , Frampton , C. M. and Mulder , R. T. 2006 . Cesarean section and postpartum depression: A review of the evidence examining the link. . Psychosomatic Medicine , 68 (2) : 321 – 330 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cederblad , M. and Hansson , K. 1996 . Sense of coherence – a concept influencing health and quality of life in a Swedish psychiatric at‐risk group. . Israel Journal of Medical Sciences , 32 (3–4) : 194 – 199 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cederblad , M. , Pruksachatkunakorn , P. , Boripunkul , T. , Intraprasert , S. and Höök , B. 2003 . Sense of coherence in a Thai sample. . Transcultural Psychiatry , 40 (4) : 585 – 600 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chong , E. S. Y. and Mongelli , M. 2003 . Attitudes of Singapore women toward cesarean and vaginal deliveries. . International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics , 80 (2) : 189 – 194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clement , S. 2001 . Psychological aspects of caesarean section. . Best Practice and Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology , 15 (1) : 109 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , J. , Holden , J. and Sagovsky , R. 1987 . Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10‐item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. . The British Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 782 – 786 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , J. 1996 . “ Origins and development of the 10‐item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. ” . In Perinatal psychiatry. Use and misuse of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale , Edited by: Cox , J and Holden , J . 115 – 124 . London : Gaskell .
   Google Scholar
• Declercq , E. , Sakala , C. , Corry , M. , Applebaum , S. and Risher , P. 2002 . Listening to mothers: Report of the First National US Survey of Womeńs Childbearing Experiences , New York : Maternity Center Association .
   Google Scholar
• Declercq , E. , Sakala , C. , Corry , M. and Applebaum , S. 2006 . Listening to mothers II. Report of the Second National U.S. Survey of Women's Childbearing Experiences , New York : Childbirth Connection .
   Google Scholar
• Dennis , C. and Creedy , D. 2004 . “ Psychosocial and psychological interventions for preventing postpartum depression (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, Issue 4. ” . Chichester, , UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Diener , E. , Suh , E. and Oishi , S. 1997 . Recent findings on subjective well‐being Retrieved June 13, 2003, from Web site: http://www.psych.uiuc.edu/˜ediener/hottopic/paper1.html
   Google Scholar
• Duetz , M. , Abel , T. , Siegenthaler , F. and Niemann , S. 2002 . “ Zur Operationalisierung des Gesundheitsbegriffs in empirischen Studien zum Kohärenzgefühl. ” . In Salutogenese und Kohärenzgefühl. Grundlagen, Empirie und Praxis eines gesundheitswissenschaftlichen Konzepts , Edited by: Wydler , H , Kolip , P and Abel , T . 85 – 98 . Weinheim, München : Juventa . (2nd ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Ebert , S. , Tucker , D. and Roth , D. L. 2002 . Psychological resistance factors as predictors of general health status and physical symptom reporting. . Psychology, Health & Medicine , 7 (3) : 363 – 374 .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , G. and Davies , N. 2001 . Elective caesarean section – the patient's choice? . Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 21 (2) : 128 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , D. , Porter , S. and Stein , G. 1994 . A pilot study of postnatal depression following caesarean section using two retrospective self‐rating instruments. . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 38 (2) : 111 – 117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , J. , Heron , J. , Francomb , H. , Oke , S. and Golding , J. 2001 . Cohort study of depressed mood during pregnancy and after childbirth. . British Medical Journal , 323 (7307) : 257 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flannery , R. B. J. , Perry , J. C. , Penk , W. E. and Flannery , G. J. 1994 . Validating Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale. . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 50 (4) : 575 – 577 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forman , D. , Videbech , P. , Hedegaard , M. , Salvig , J. and Secher , N. 2000 . Postpartum depression: Identification of women at risk. . British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 107 (October) : 1210 – 1217 .
   Google Scholar
• Fowler , D. 1998 . “ Practical use of the WHO (five) Well‐Being Index in relation to pregnancy. ” . In Wellbeing measures in primary health care/The Depcare Project. Report on a WHO Meeting Edited by: WHO . 8 – 10 . Stockholm, 12–13 February 1998
   Google Scholar
• Gamble , J. and Creedy , D. 2001 . Women's preference for a cesarean section: Incidence and associated factors. . Birth , 28 (June) : 101 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , J. M. and Baston , H. A. 2007 . Have women become more willing to accept obstetric interventions and does this relate to mode of birth? Data from a prospective study. . Birth , 34 (1) : 6 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , J. and Murray , D. 1996 . “ The use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in research to explore the relationship between antenatal and postnatal dysphoria. ” . In Perinatal psychiatry. Use and misuse of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale , Edited by: Cox , J and Holden , J . 180 – 198 . London : Gaskell . (2nd ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton , B. E. , Martin , J. A. and Ventura , S. J. 2007 . Births: Preliminary data for 2006 , Hyattsville, MD : National Center for Health Statistics . National Vital Statistics Reports. Volume 56, Number 7, Retrieved March 03, 2008, from National Center for Health Statistics website: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_07.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hannah , M. E. , Hannah , W. J. , Hewson , S. A. , Hodnett , E. D. , Saigal , S. and Willan , A. R. 2000 . Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: A randomised multicentre trial. . Lancet , 356 : 1375 – 1383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harwood , K. , Mclean , N. and Durkin , K. 2007 . First‐time mothers' expectations of parenthood: What happens when optimistic expectations are not matched by later experiences? . Developmental Psychology , 43 (1) : 1 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henkel , V. , Mergl , R. , Schütze , M. , Allgaier , A. K. , Kohnen , R. and Hegerl , U. 2003 . Früherkennung depressiver Störungen in der Primärversorgung. . Psychoneuro , 29 (1) : 35 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Hedov , G. , Annerén , G. and Wikblad , K. 2002 . Swedish parents of children with Down's syndrome. . Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences , 16 (4) : 424 – 430 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heun , R. , Burkart , M. , Maier , W. and Bech , P. 1999 . Internal and external validity of the WHO Well‐Being Scale in the elderly general population. . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 99 : 171 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildingsson , I. , Radestad , I. , Rubertsson , C. and Waldenström , U. 2002 . Few women wish to be delivered by caesarean section. . British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 109 (6) : 618 – 623 .
   Google Scholar
• Holden , J. 1996 . “ Using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in clinical practice. ” . In Perinatal psychiatry. Use and misuse of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale , Edited by: Cox , J and Holden , J . 125 – 144 . London : Gaskell .
   Google Scholar
• Hueston , W. J. and Kasik‐Miller , S. 1998 . Changes in functional health status during normal pregnancy. . The Journal of Family Practice , 47 (3) : 209 – 212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johanson , R. , El‐Timini , S. , Rigby , C. , Young , P. and Jones , P. 2001 . Caesarean section by choice could fulfil the inverse care law. . European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology , 97 : 20 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnstone , S. , Boyce , P. , Hickey , A. , Morris‐Yates , A. and Harris , M. 2001 . Obstetric risk factors for postnatal depression in urban and rural community samples. . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 35 : 69 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan , B. 1993 . Birth in four cultures: A crosscultural investigation of childbirth in Yucatan, Holland, Sweden, and the United States , Illinois : Waveland Press . (4th ed.) Rev. and exp. by Robbie Davis‐Floyd. Prospect Heights, III
   Google Scholar
• Josefsson , A. , Berg , G. , Nordin , C. and Sydsjö , G. 2001 . Prevalence of depressive symptoms in late pregnancy and postpartum. . Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica , 80 (3) : 251 – 255 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapeyre , E. , Finan , M. , Hedges , S. , Lovitt , S. and Magnus , M. 2004 . Patient choice for elective cesarean delivery: Report on a survey. . The Female Patient , 29 (5) : 12 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Larsson , G. and Kallenberg , K. 1996 . Sense of coherence, socioeconomic conditions and health. Interrelationships in a nation‐wide Swedish sample. . European Journal of Public Health , 6 (3) : 175 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Lobel , M. and Deluca , R. S. 2007 . Psychosocial sequelae of cesarean delivery: review and analysis of their causes and implications. . Social Science and Medicine , 64 (11) : 2272 – 2284 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutz , U. and Kolip , P. 2006 . Die GEK‐Kaiserschnittstudie , Bremen, Schwäbisch Gmünd : Asgard Verlag . Schriftenreihe zur Gesundheitsanalyse, edited by Gmünder Ersatzkasse, Band 42
   Google Scholar
• MacArthur , C. , Winter , H. , Bick , D. , Knowles , H. , Lilford , R. Henderson , C. 2002 . Effects of redesigned community postnatal care on women's health 4 months after birth: A cluster randomized controlled trial. . The Lancet , 359 (2) : 378 – 385 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , J. A. , Hamilton , B. E. , Sutton , P. D. , Ventura , S. J. , Menacker , F. and Kirmeyer , S. 2006 . “ Births: Final data for 2004. National vital statistics reports, vol. 55, no.1. ” . Hyattsville, MD : National Center for Health Statistics .
   Google Scholar
• Marx , H. , Wiener , J. and Davies , N. 2001 . A survey of the influence of patients' choice on the increase in the caesarean section rate. . Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 21 (2) : 124 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Massachusetts Births 2004 . 2006 . Boston, MA : Division of Research and Epidemiology, Center for Health Information, Statistics, Research, and Evaluation, Massachusetts, Department of Public Health . February 2006
   Google Scholar
• McCourt , C. , Weaver , J. , Statham , H. , Beake , S. , Gamble , J. and Creedy , D. 2007 . Elective cesarean section and decision making: A critical review of the literature. . Birth , 34 (1) : 65 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKee , M. D. , Cunningham , M. , Jankowski , K. R. and Zayas , L. 2001 . Health‐related functional status in pregnancy: Relationship to depression and social support in a multi‐ethnic population. . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 97 (6) : 988 – 993 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McSherry , W. C. and Holm , J. E. 1994 . Sense of coherence: Its effects on psychological and physiological processes prior to, during, and after a stressful situation. . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 50 (4) : 476 – 487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray , D. and Cox , J. L. 1990 . Screening for depression during pregnancy with the Edinburgh Depression scale. . Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology , 8 (2) : 99 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Neuhaus , W. 1999 . “ Theorie und Praxis der Geburtsvorbereitung, Entwicklung spezieller Methoden, Umgang mit dem Geburtsschmerz. ” . In Psychosomatische Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie , Edited by: Stauber , M , Kentenich , H and Richter , D . 265 – 271 . Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokyo : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Nijs , P. 1999 . “ Psychiatrische Erkrankungen während der Schwangerschaft. ” . In Psychosomatische Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie , Edited by: Stauber , M , Kentenich , H and Richter , D . 228 – 248 . Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokyo : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Noack , H. , Bachmann , N. and Olivieri , M. 1991 . “ Fragebogen zum Kohärenzgefühl. Autorisierte Übersetzung des ‘Sense of Coherence Questionnaire’ von Antonovsky (1987). ” . Universität Bern : Institut für Sozial‐ und Präventivmedizin .
   Google Scholar
• O'hara , M. and Swain , A. 1996 . Rates and risk of postpartum depression – a meta‐analysis. . International Review of Psychiatry , 8 (1) : 37 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otchet , F. , Carey , M. S. and Adam , L. 1999 . General health and psychological symptom status in pregnancy and the puerperium: What is normal? . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 94 (6) : 935 – 941 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paarlberg , K. M. , Vingerhoets , A. J. , Passchier , J. , Heinen , A. G. , Dekker , G. A. and Van Geijn , H. P. 1996 . Psychosocial factors as predictors of maternal well‐being and pregnancy‐related complaints. . Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 17 (2) : 93 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallant , J. and Lae , L. 2002 . Sense of coherence, well‐being, coping and personality factors: Further evaluation of the sense of coherence scale. . Journal of Personality and Individual Differences , 33 (1) : 39 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Psychiatric Research Unit . 2003 . WHO‐Collaborating Centre in Mental Health. WHO (Fünf)‐Fragebogen zum Wohlbefinden (Version 1998) Retrieved July 22, 2003 from the Psychiatric Research Unit, Frederiksborg General Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark web site: www.who‐5.org
   Google Scholar
• Qualitätsbericht Geburtshilfe . 2004 . “ Zentrum für Qualitätsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen (Ed.). Eine Einrichtung der Bundesärztekammer Niedersachsen. Jahresauswertung 2003. Modul 16/1. ” . Retrieved November 25, 2004 from the Zentrum für Qualität und Management im Gesundheitswesen web site: http://www.zq‐aekn.de/
   Google Scholar
• Saisto , T. , Salmela‐Aro , K. , Nurmi , J. E. and Halmesmaki , E. 2001 . Psychosocial predictors of disappointment with delivery and puerperal depression. A longitudinal study. . Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica , 80 (1) : 39 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumacher , J. , Wilz , G. , Gunzelmann , T. and Brähler , E. 2000 . Die Sense of Coherence Scale von Antonovsky. Teststatistische Überprüfung in einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsstichprobe und Konstruktion einer Kurzskala. . Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie , 50 : 472 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjöström , H. , Langius‐Eklöf , A. and Hjertberg , R. 2004 . Well‐being and sense of coherence during pregnancy. . Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica , 83 (12) : 1112 – 1118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPSS . 2004 . SPSS for Windows (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), Rel. 11.0.1. SPSS Inc. 2004
   Google Scholar
• Statistisches Bundesamt (ED.) . 2004 . Frauen in Deutschland. Im Blickpunkt , Wiesbaden : Servicecenter Fachverlage GmbH. Destatis .
   Google Scholar
• Tammentie , T. , Tarkka , M. , Astedt‐Kurki , P. and Paavilainen , E. 2002 . Sociodemographic factors of families related to postnatal depressive symptoms of mothers. . International Journal of Nursing Practice , 8 (5) : 240 – 246 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas , J. and Paranjothy , S. 2001 . Clinical Effectiveness Support Unit. National Sentinel Caesarean Section Audit Report , London : Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. RCOG Press .
   Google Scholar
• Van De Pol , G. , De Leeuw , J. R. J. , Van Brummen , H. J. , Bruinse , H. W. , Heintz , A. P. M. and Van Der Vaart , C. H. 2006 . Psychosocial factors and mode of delivery. . Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology , 27 (4) : 231 – 236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ventura , S. J. , Martin , J. A. , Curtin , S. C. , Menacker , F. and Hamilton , B. E. 2001 . Births: Final data for 1999 , Hyattsville, Maryland : National Center for Health Statistics . National vital statistics reports; vol 49 no. 1, Retrieved March 03, 2008, from National Center for Health Statistics Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr49/nvsr49_01.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Waldenström , U. 2001 . “ Significance of the birth experience for the woman and her partner. ” . In Sectio caesarea , Edited by: Huch , A , Chaoui , R and Huch , R . 196 – 199 . Bremen : Uni‐Med Verlag AG .
   Google Scholar
• Wendt , A. and Rohde , A. 2003 . “ Postpartale Depressivität und mögliche Einflussfaktoren. ” . In Psychosomatische Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe. Beiträge der Jahrestagung 2002 der DGPFG , Edited by: Neises , M , Bartsch , S , Dohnke , H , Falck , H , Kauffels , W and Schmitt‐Ott , G . 364 – 370 . Gießen : Psychosozial‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Wiklund , I. , Edman , G. and Andolf , E. 2007 . Cesarean section on maternal request: Reasons for the request, self‐estimated health, expectations, experience of birth and signs of depression among first‐time mothers. . Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica , 86 (4) : 451 – 456 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter , R. , Hepp , H. and Haller , U. 2000 . Ist der Anstieg der Sectiofrequenz ein Qualitätsmangel oder ein Indikationswandel? . Gynäkologisch‐geburtshilfliche Rundschau , 40 : 117 – 118 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WHO . 1998 . Wellbeing measures in primary health care/The Depcare Project. Report on a WHO Meeting Stockholm, 12‐13.02.1998. Retrieved May 25, 2003, from WHO web site: http://www.who.dk/document/e60246.pdf
   Google Scholar
• WHO . 1999 . “ Quality development in perinatal care: The OBSQID Project. ” . In Report on the Fifth WHO Workshop. Nof Ginossar, Israel (29 October–1 November 1998)
   Google Scholar
• WHO . 2004 . Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization. World Mental Health Surveys. . Journal of the American Medical Association , 291 (21) : 2581 – 2590 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar