223
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Exploring the heterogeneity in clinical presentation and functional impairment of postpartum depression

, &
Pages 183-194 | Received 17 Aug 2012, Accepted 01 Apr 2013, Published online: 08 May 2013

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Vol. Revised 4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Anda , R. F. , Felitti , V. J. , Bremner , J. D. , Walker , J. D. , Whitfield , C. Perry , B. D. 2006 . The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood . European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience , 256 : 174 – 186 .
  • Astbury , J. 1994 . Making motherhood visible: The experience of motherhood questionnaire . Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology , 12 : 79 – 88 .
  • Bagner , D. M. , Pettit , J. W. , Lewinsohn , P. M. and Seeley , J. R. 2010 . Effect of maternal depression on child behavior: A sensitive period? . Journal of American Academy for child and adolescent psychiatry , 49 : 699 – 707 .
  • Barrett , J. and Fleming , A. S. 2011 . Annual research review: All mothers are not created equal: neural and psychobiological perspectives on mothering and the importance of individual differences . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 52 : 368 – 397 .
  • Brockington , I. 2011 . Childbirth-onset specifiers for all psychiatric disorders . Archives of Women’s Mental Health , 14 : 361
  • Brouwers , E. P. M. , Van Baarb , A. L. and Popc , V. J. M. 2001 . Does the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale measure anxiety? . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 51 : 659 – 663 .
  • Brunton , P. J. and Russell , J. A. 2010 . Endocrine induced changes in brain function during pregnancy . Brain Research , 1364 : 198 – 215 .
  • Cheng , C. , Fowles , E. R. and Walker , L. O. 2006 . Postpartum maternal health care in the United States: A critical review . Journal of Perinatal Education , 15 : 34 – 42 .
  • Cox , J. L. , Holden , J. M. and Sagovsky , R. 1987 . Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale . The British Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 782 – 786 .
  • Diego , M. A. , Field , T. , Hernandez-Reif , M. , Cullen , C. , Schanberg , S. and Kuhn , C. 2004 . Prepartum, postpartum, and chronic depression effects on newborns . Psychiatry , 67 : 63 – 80 .
  • Figueira , P. , Correa , H. , Malloy-Diniz , L. and Romano-Silva , M. A. 2009 . Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for screening in the public health system . Revista de Saude Publica , 43 : 79 – 84 .
  • Gavin , N. I. , Gaynes , B. N. , Lohr , K. N. , Meltzer-Brody , S. , Gartlehner , G. and Swinson , T. 2005 . Perinatal depression: A systematic review of prevalence and incidence . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 106 : 1071 – 1083 .
  • Gibson , J. , McKenzie-McHarg , K. , Shakespeare , J. , Price , J. and Gray , R. A. 2009 . A systematic review of studies validating the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in antepartum and postpartum women . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 119 : 350 – 364 .
  • Goodman , S. H. 2007 . Depression in mothers . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 3 : 107 – 135 .
  • Gutman , D. A. and Nemeroff , C. B. 2003 . Persistent central nervous system effects of an adverse early environment: Clinical and preclinical studies . Physiology & Behavior , 79 : 471 – 478 .
  • Hammen , C. 2005 . Stress and depression . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 1 : 293 – 319 .
  • Hankin , B. L. and Abela , J. R. Z. , eds. 2005 . Development of psychopathology: A vulnerability–stress perspective , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publishing .
  • Howell , E. A. , Mora , P. A. , DiBonaventura , M. D. and Leventhal , H. 2009 . Modifiable factors associated with changes in postpartum depressive symptoms . Archives of Women’s Mental Health , 12 : 113 – 120 .
  • Hung , C. 2005 . Measuring postpartum stress . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 50 : 417 – 424 .
  • Ji , S. , Long , Q. , Newport , D. J. , Na , H. , Knight , B. Zach , E. B. 2011 . Validity of depression rating scales during pregnancy and the postpartum period: Impact of trimester and parity . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 45 : 213 – 219 .
  • Kleiman , K. and Wenzel , A. 2011 . Dropping the baby and other scary thoughts: Breaking the cycle of unwanted thoughts in motherhood , New York , NY : Routledge .
  • Koniak-Griffin , D. 1993 . Maternal role attainment . Journal of Nursing Scholarship , 25 : 257 – 262 .
  • Lagerberg , D. and Magnusson , M. 2012 . Infant gender and postpartum sadness in the light of region of birth and some other factors: A contribution to the knowledge of postpartum depression . Archives of Women’s Mental Health , 15 : 121 – 130 .
  • Lazarus , R. 1984 . Stress, appraisal, and coping , New York , NY : Springer .
  • Macneil , C. A. , Hasty , M. K. , Conus , P. and Berk , M. 2012 . Is diagnosis enough to guide interventions in mental health? Using case formulation in clinical practice . BioMed Central Medicine , 10
  • Magnusson , M. , Lagerberg , D. and Sundelin , C. 2011 . How can we identify vulnerable mothers who do not reach the cut off 12 points in EPDS? . Journal of Child Health Care , 15 : 39 – 49 .
  • Matthey , S. , Barnett , B. , Howie , P. and Kavanagh , D. J. 2003 . Diagnosing postpartum depression in mothers and fathers: Whatever happened to anxiety? . Journal of Affective Disorders , 74 : 139 – 147 .
  • Mauri , M. , Oppo , A. , Montagnani , M.S. , Borri , C. , Banti , S. Camilleri , V. 2010 . Beyond ‘postpartum depressions’: Specific anxiety diagnoses during pregnancy predict different outcomes. Results from PND-ReScU . Journal of Affective Disorders , 127 : 177 – 184 .
  • McEwen , B. S. 2008 . Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators . European Journal of Pharmacology , 583 : 174 – 185 .
  • Mercer , R. T. 1985 . The process of maternal role attainment over the first year . Nursing Research , 34 : 198 – 203 .
  • Muzik , M. , Klier , C. M. , Rosenblum , K. L. , Holzinger , A. , Umek , W. and Katschnig , H. 2000 . Are commonly used self-report inventories suitable for screening postpartum depression and anxiety disorders? . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 102 : 71 – 73 .
  • O’Hara , M. W. , Stuart , S. , Gorman , L. L. and Wenzel , A. 2000 . Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression . Archives of General Psychiatry , 57 : 1039 – 1045 .
  • Paulson , J. F. and Bazemore , S. D. 2010 . Prenatal and postpartum depression in fathers and its association with maternal depression . Journal of the American Medical Association , 303 : 1961 – 1969 .
  • Regier , D. A. , Kaelber , C. T. , Rae , D. S. , Farmer , M. E. , Knauper , B. Kessler , R. C. 1998 . Limitations of diagnostic criteria and assessment instruments for mental disorders. Implications for research and policy . Archives of General Psychiatry , 55 : 109 – 115 .
  • Ross , L. E. , Evans , S. E. G. , Sellers , E. M. and Romach , M. K. 2003 . Measurement issues in postpartum depression part 1: Anxiety as a feature of postpartum depression . Archives of Women’s Mental Health , 6 : 51 – 58 .
  • Ross , L. E. and McLean , L. M. 2006 . Anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A systematic review . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 67 : 1285 – 1298 .
  • Rowe , H. J. , Fishe , J. R. W. and Loh , W. M. 2008 . The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale detects but does not distinguish anxiety disorders from depression in mothers of infants . Archives of Women’s Mental Health , 11 : 103 – 108 .
  • Saurel-Cubizolles , M. , Romito , P. , Lelong , N. and Ancel , P. 2000 . Women’s health after childbirth: A longitudinal study in France and Italy . British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 107 : 1202 – 1209 .
  • Selye , H. 1974 . Stress without distress , Philadelphia , PA : Lippincott .
  • Sharma , V. and Burt , V. K. 2011 . DSM-V: Modifying the postpartum-onset specifier to include hypomania . Archives of Women’s Mental Health , 14 : 67 – 69 .
  • Skopen , N. , McLaughlin , K. A. , Zeenah , C. H. and Nelson , C. A. 2012 . Alterations in neural processing and psychopathology in children raised in institutions . Archives of General Psychiatry , 69 : 1022 – 1030 .
  • Viguera , A. , Tondo , L. and Koukopoulos , A. E. 2011 . Episodes of mood disorders in 2,252 pregnancies and postpartum periods . American Journal of Psychiatry , 168 : 1179 – 1185 .
  • Watkins , S. , Meltzer-Brody , S. , Zolnoun , D. and Stuebe , A. 2011 . Early breastfeeding experiences and postpartum depression . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 118 : 214 – 221 .
  • Weinstock , L. S. and Cohen , L. S. 2003 . Endogenous gonadal hormones in postpartum psychiatric disorders , Arlington , VA : American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc .
  • Wenzel , A. 2011 . Anxiety in childbearing women: Diagnosis and treatment , Washington , DC : APA Books .
  • Whiffen , V. E. and Gotlib , H. 1989 . Infants of postpartum depressed mothers: Temperament and cognitive status . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 98 : 274 – 279 .
  • Workman , J. L. , Barha , C. K. and Galea , L. A. M. 2012 . Endocrine substrates of cognitive and affective changes during pregnancy and postpartum . Behavioral Neuroscience , 126 : 54 – 72 .
  • Zonana , J. and Gorman , J. M. 2005 . The neurobiology of postpartum depression . CNS Spectrums , 10 : 792 – 799 .
  • Zuckerman , M. 1999 . Vulnerability to psychopathology: A biosocial model , Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.