The identification of severity ranges for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

References

• American College of Nurse-Midwives. (2002). Depression in women: Position statement. Retrieved July 29, 2013, from http://www.midwife.org/siteFiles/position/Depression_in_Women_05.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2015). Screening for perinatal depression. Committee Opinion No. 631. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 125, 1272–1275. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000465192.34779.dc
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appleton, J. V., & Cowley, S. (2008). Health visiting assessment–unpacking critical attributes in health visitor needs assessment practice: A case study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45, 232–245. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.08.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association of Women’s Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. (2008). The role of the nurse in postpartum mood and anxiety disorders. Retrieved July 29, 2013, from http://www.awhonn.org/awhonn/content.do?name=05_HealthPolicyLegislation/5H_PositionStatements.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the beck depression inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77–100.10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergant, A. M., Heim, K., Ulmer, H., & Illmensee, K. (1999). Early postnatal depressive mood: Associations with obstetric and psychosocial factors. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 46, 391–394.10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00116-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan, R. L. (2004). Linking with equivalent group or single group design (LEGS)(version 2.0)[computer software]. University of Iowa: Center for Advanced Studies in Measurement and Assessment (CASMA).
   Google Scholar
• Cowley, S., Caan, W., Dowling, S., & Weir, H. (2007). What do health visitors do? A national survey of activities and service organization. Public Health, 121, 869–879.10.1016/j.puhe.2007.03.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, J., Holden, J., & Henshaw, C. (2014). Perinatal mental health: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) Manual (2nd ed.). London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.
   Google Scholar
• Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 782–786. doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuijpers, P., Brännmark, J. G., & van Straten, A. (2008). Psychological treatment of postpartum depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64, 103–118.10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, B. R., Howells, S., & Jenkins, M. (2003). Early detection and treatment of postnatal depression in primary care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44, 248–255.10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02799.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimidjian, S., & Goodman, S. H. (2009). Nonpharmacologic intervention studies and prevention strategies for depression during pregnancy and the postpartum. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 52, 498–515.10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181b52da6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkin, I., Shea, M. T., Watkins, J. T., Imber, S. D., Sotsky, S. M., Collins, J. F.…., & Parloff, M. B. (1989). National Institute of Mental Health treatment of depression collaborative research program: General effectiveness of treatment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 971–982.10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110013002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furukawa, T. A., Akechi, T., Azuma, H., Okuyama, T., & Higuchi, T. (2007). Evidence-based guidelines for the interpretation of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacomology, 27, 531–534. doi:10.1097/JCP.0b013e31814f30b1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, J. M. (1998). Postnatal depression or perinatal dysphoria? Findings from a longitudinal community-based study using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 16, 143–155. doi:10.1080/02646839808404565
   Google Scholar
• Holden, J. (1996). The role of health visitors in postnatal depression. International Review of Psychiatry, 8, 79–86.10.3109/09540269609037820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland, P. W., & Dorans, N. J. (2006). Linking and equating. In R. L. Brennan (Ed.), Educational measurement (4th ed.). (pp. 187–220). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Ji, S., Long, Q., Newport, D. J., Na, H., Knight, B., Zach, E. B.…, & Stowe, Z. N. (2011). Validity of depression rating scales during pregnancy and the postpartum period: Impact of trimester and parity. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 213–219. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolen, J. J., & Brennan, R. L. (2014). Test equating, scaling, and linking: Methods and practices (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.10.1007/978-1-4939-0317-7
   Google Scholar
• Lane, A., Keville, R., Morris, M., Kinsella, A., Turner, M., & Barry, S. (1997). Postnatal depression and elation among mothers and their partners: Prevalence and predictors. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 550–555. doi:10.1192/bjp.171.6.550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leucht, S., Kane, J. M., Kissling, W., Hamann, J., Etschel, E., & Engel, R. (2005). Clinical implications of brief psychiatric rating scale scores. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 366–371. doi:10.1192/bjp.187.4.366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markon, K., Chmielewski, M., & Miller, C. J. (2011). Reliability and validity of discrete and continuous measures of psychopathology: A quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 856–879. doi:10.1037/a0023678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthey, S. (2010). Are we overpathologising motherhood? Journal of Affective Disorders, 120, 263–266. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nylen, K. J., Williamson, J. A., O’Hara, M. W., Watson, D., & Engeldinger, J. (2013). Validity of somatic symptoms as indicators of depression in pregnancy. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 16, 203–210.10.1007/s00737-013-0334-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Hara, M. W., Stuart, S., Watson, D., Dietz, P. M., Farr, S. L., & D’Angelo, D. (2012). Brief scales to detect postpartum depression and anxiety symptoms. Journal of Women’s Health, 21, 1237–1243. doi:10.1089/jwh.2012.3612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollack, L., Segre, L. S., O’Hara, M. W., & Stuart, S. (2011). Postpartum depression: the distribution of severity in a community sample. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 14, 363–364. doi:10.1007/s00737-011-0228-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segre, L. S., Brock, R. L., O’Hara, M. W., Gorman, L. L., & Engeldinger, J. (2011). Disseminating perinatal depression screening as a public health initiative: A train-the-trainer approach. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15, 814–821. doi:10.1007/s10995-010-0644-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segre, L. S., O’Hara, M. W., Arndt, S., & Stuart, S. (2007). The prevalence of postpartum depression: the relative significance of three social status indices. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42, 316–321.10.1007/s00127-007-0168-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segre, L. S., O’Hara, M. W., Brock, R. L., & Taylor, D. (2012). Depression screening of perinatal women by the des moines healthy start project: Program description and evaluation. Psychiatric Services, 63, 250–255. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201100247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segre, L. S., O’Hara, M. W., & Perkhounkova, E. (2014). Adaptations of psychotherapy for psychopathology during pregnancy and the postpartum period. In A.Wenzel(Ed.). Oxford Handbooks Online.
   Google Scholar
• Segre, L. S., Pollack, L. O., Brock, R. L., Andrew, J. R., & O’Hara, M. W. (2014). Depression screening on a maternity unit: A mixed-methods evaluation of nurses’ views and implementation strategies. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35, 444–454. doi:10.3109/01612840.2013.879358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sockol, L. E., Epperson, C. N., & Barber, J. P. (2011). A meta-analysis of treatments for perinatal depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 839–849.10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, K. C., Ellis, A. R., Konrad, T. R., Holzer, C. E., & Morrissey, J. P. (2009). County-level estimates of mental health professional shortage in the United States. Psychiatric Services, 60, 1323–1328.10.1176/ps.2009.60.10.1323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unutzer, J., Patrick, D. L., Marmon, T., Simon, G. E., & Katon, W. J. (2002). Depressive symptoms and mortality in a prospective study of 2,558 older adults. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10, 521–530.10.1097/00019442-200209000-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson, J. A., O’Hara, M. W., Stuart, S., Hart, K. J., & Watson, D. (2015). Assessment of postpartum depressive symptoms: The importance of somatic symptoms and irritability. Assessment, 22, 309–318.10.1177/1073191114544357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yonkers, K. A., Smith, M. V., Lin, H., Howell, H. B., Shao, L., & Rosencheck, R. A. (2009). Depression screening of perinatal women: An evaluation of the healthy start depression initiative. Psychiatric Services, 60, 322–328.10.1176/ps.2009.60.3.322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zung, W. W. K. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63–70. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar