References
- Alderdice, F., Lynn, F., & Lobel, M. (2012). A review and psychometric evaluation of pregnancy-specific stress measures. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 33, 62–77.
- Andersson, L., Sundstrom-Poromaa, I., Bixo, M., Wulff, M., Bondestam, K., & Astrom, M. (2003). Point prevalence of psychiatric disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy: A population-based study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 189, 148–154.
- Badr, L. K., Ayvazian, N., Lameh, S., & Charafeddine, L. (2018). Is the effect of postpartum depression on mother-infant bonding universal? Infant Behavior & Development, 51, 15–23.
- Ballestrem, C.-L. V., Straub, M., & Kachele, H. (2005). Contribution to the epidemiology of postnatal depression in Germany – Implications for the utilization of treatment. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 8, 29–35.
- Bina, R., & Harrington, D. (2017). Differential predictors of postpartum depression and anxiety: The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale Hebrew version two factor structure construct validity. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21, 2237–2244.
- Blackmore, E. R., Gustafsson, H., Gilchrist, M., Wyman, C., & O’Connor, T. G. (2016). Pregnancy-related anxiety: Evidence of distinct clinical significance from a prospective longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 197, 251–258.
- Borri, C., Mauri, M., Oppo, A., Banti, S., Rambelli, C., Ramacciotti, D., … Ricciardulli, S. (2008). Axis I psychopathology and functional impairment at the third month of pregnancy: Results from the perinatal depression-research and screening unit (PND-ReScU) study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(10), 1617–1624.
- Bowen, A., Bowen, R., Maslany, G., & Muhajarina, N. (2008). Anxiety in a socially high-risk sample of pregnant women in Canada. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 435–440.
- Brunton, R. J., Dryer, R., Saliba, A., & Kohloff, J. (2015). Pregnancy anxiety: A systematic review of current scales. Journal of Affective Disorders, 176, 24–34.
- Coates, R., Ayers, S., & de Visser, R. (2017). Factor structure of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale in a population-based sample. Psychological Assessment, 29, 1016–1027.
- Condon, J. T., & Corkindale, C. J. (1997). The assessment of depression in the postnatal period: A comparison of four self-report questionnaires. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 31, 353–359.
- Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(7), 82–786.
- Cumming, G., & Finch, S. (2005). Inference by eye: Confidence intervals and how to read pictures of data. American Psychologist, 60, 170–180.
- DiPietro, J. A., Ghera, M. M., Costigan, K., & Hawkins, M. (2004). Measuring the ups and downs of pregnancy stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 25, 189–201.
- Field, T., Diego, M., & Hernandez-Reif. (2006). Prenatal depression effects on the fetus and newborn: A review. Infant Behavior & Development, 29, 445–455.
- Gibson, J., McKenzie-Mottarg, K., Shakespeare, J., Price, J., & Gray, R. (2009). A systematic review of studies validating the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale in antepartum and postpartum women. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 119, 350–364.
- Grant, K.-A., McMahon, C., & Austin, M.-P. (2008). Maternal anxiety during the transition to parenthood: A prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 108, 101–111.
- Green, J. M., Kafetsios, K., Statham, H., & Snowdon, C. M. (2003). Factor structure, validity and reliability of the Cambridge worry scale in a pregnant population. Journal of Health Psychology, 8, 753–764.
- Guardino, C. M., & Dunkel Schetter, C. (2014). Coping during pregnancy: A systematic review and recommendations. Health Psychology Review, 8, 70–94.
- Hart, R., & McMahon, C. A. (2006). Mood state and psychological adjustment to pregnancy. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 9, 329–337.
- Harvey, S. T., & Pun, P. K. K. (2007). Analysis of positive Edinburgh depression scale referrals to a consultation liaison psychiatry service in a two-year period. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 16, 161–167.
- Huizink, A. C., de Medina, P. G. R., Mulder, E. J. H., Visser, G. H. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2002). Psychological measures of prenatal stress as predictors of infant temperament. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 1078–1085.
- Huizink, A. C., Menting, B., Oosterman, M., Verhage, M. L., Kunseler, F. C., & Schuengel, C. (2014). The interrelationship between pregnancy-specific anxiety and general anxiety across pregnancy: A longitudinal study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 35, 92–100.
- Huizink, A. C., Mulder, E. J. H., de Medina, P. G. R., Visser, G. H. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2004). Is pregnancy anxiety a distinctive syndrome. Early Human Development, 79, 81–91.
- Ishikawa, N., Goto, S., Murase, S., Kanai, A., Masuda, T., Aleksic, B., … Ozaki, N. (2011). Prospective study of maternal depressive symptomatology among Japanese women. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 71, 264–269.
- Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12–19.
- Jomeen, J., & Martin, C. R. (2004). Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) a reliable screening tool in early pregnancy? Psychology and Health, 19, 787–800.
- Jomeen, J., & Martin, C. R. (2005). Confirmation of an occluded anxiety component within the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) during early pregnancy. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 23, 143–154.
- Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2009). An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ-4. Psychosomatics, 50, 613–621.
- Lilliecreutz, C., Sydsjo, G., & Josefsson, A. (2011). Obstetric and perinatal oucomes among women with blood - and injection phobia during pregnancy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 129, 289–295.
- Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. Psychology Foundation Monograph: University of New South Wales, Australia.
- Mann, R., & Gilbody, S. (2011). Validity of two case finding questions to detect postnatal depression: A review of diagnostic test accuracy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133, 388–397.
- Marsay, C., Manderson, L., & Subramaney, U. (2017). Validation of the Whooley questions for antenatal depression and anxiety among low-income women in urban South Africa. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 23, a1013.
- Matthey, S. (2004). Calculating clinically significant change in postnatal depression studies using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Journal of Affective Disorders, 78, 269–272.
- Matthey, S. (2008). Using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen for anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 926–931.
- Matthey, S. (2010). Are we overpathologising motherhood? Journal of Affective Disorders, 120, 263–266.
- Matthey, S. (2016). Differentiating between transient and enduring distress on the Edinburgh depression scale within screening contexts. Journal of Affective Disorders, 196, 252–258.
- Matthey, S., Phillips, J., White, T., Glossop, P., Hopper, U., Panasetis, P., … Barnett, B. (2004). Routine psychosocial assessment of women in the antenatal period: Frequency of risk factors and implications for clinical services. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 7, 223–229.
- Matthey, S., & Ross-Hamid, C. (2012). Repeat testing on the Edinburgh depression scale and the HADS-A in pregnancy: Differentiating between transient and enduring distress. Journal of Affective Disorders, 141, 213–221.
- Matthey, S., Valenti, B., Souter, K., & Ross-Hamid, C. (2013). Comparison of four self-report measures, and a generic mood question, to screen for anxiety during pregnancy in English-speaking women. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148, 347–351. (+ corrigendum: Matthey, S. J Affective Disorders, 2014, 155, 307).
- Meades, R., & Ayers, S. (2011). Anxiety measures validated in perinatal populations: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133, 1–15.
- Nolvi, S., Karlsson, L., Bridgett, D. J., Korja, R., Huizink, A. C., Kataja, E. L., & Karlsson, H. (2016). Maternal prenatal stress and infant emotional reactivity six months postpartum. Journal of Affective Disorders, 199, 163–170.
- O’Connor, T. G., Heron, J., Golding, J., Beveridge, M., & Glover, V. (2002). Maternal antenatal anxiety and children’s behavioural/emotional problems at 4 years. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 502–508.
- Padmapriya, N., Bernard, J. Y., Liang, S., Loy, S. L., Shen, Z., Kwek, K., & The GUSTO Study Group. (2016). Association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with depression and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy in a multiethnic cohort of Asian women. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 19, 1119–1128.
- Phillips, J., Charles, M., Sharpe, L., & Matthey, S. (2009). Validation of the subscales of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale in a sample of women with unsettled infants. Journal of Affective Disorders, 118, 101–112.
- Pop, V. J. M., Pommer, A. M., Pop-Purceleanu, M., Wijnen, H. A. A., Bergink, V., & Pouwer, F. (2011). Development of the Tilburg pregnancy distress scale: The TPDS. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 11, 80.
- Rini, C. K., Dunkel-Schetter, C., Wadhwa, P. D., & Sandman, C. A. (1999). Psychological adaptation and birth outcomes: The role of personal resources, stress, and sociocultural context in pregnancy. Health Psychology, 18, 333–345.
- Roesch, S. C., Schetter, C. D., Woo, G., & Hobel, C. J. (2004). Modeling the types and timing of stress in pregnancy. Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal, 17, 87–102.
- Rosenthal, J. A. (1996). Qualitative descriptors of strength of association and effect size. Journal of Social Service Research, 21, 37–59.
- Ross, L. E., Evans, S. E. G., Sellers, E. M., & Romach, M. K. (2003). Measurement issues in postpartum depression part 1: Anxiety as a feature of postpartum depression. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 6, 51–57.
- Rothenberger, S. E., Moehler, E., Reck, C., & Resch, F. (2011). Prenatal stress: Course and interrelation of emotional and physiological stress measures. Psychopathology, 44, 60–67.
- Sipsma, H. L., Callands, T., Desrosiers, A., Magriples, U., Jones, K., Albritton, T., & Kershaw, T. (2016). Exploring trajectories and predictors of depressive symptoms among young couples during their transition to parenthood. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 20, 2372–2381.
- Sit, D. K. Y., Flint, C., Svidergol, D., White, J., Wimer, M., Bish, B., & Wisner, K. L. (2009). An emerging best practice model for perinatal depression care. Psychiatric Services, 60, 1429–1431.
- Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (self-evaluation questionnaire). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Lowe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1092–1097.
- Swalm, D., Brooks, J., Doherty, D., Nathan, E., & Jacques, A. (2010). Using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen for perinatal anxiety. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 13, 515–522.
- Thombs, B. D., & Stewart, D. E. (2014). Depression screening in pregnancy and postpartum: Who needs evidence? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 76, 492–493.
- van Bussel, J. C. H., Spitz, B., & Demyttenaere, K. (2009). Anxiety in pregnant and postpartum women. An exploratory study of the role of maternal orientations. Journal of Affective Disorders, 114, 232–242.
- Wickberg, B., & Hwang, C. P. (1996). The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale: Validation on a Swedish community sample. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 94, 181–184.
- Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370.