432
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

From parentification to parenthood: caregiving responsibilities in childhood and childbearing desire in young adulthood

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Received 05 Jan 2023, Accepted 26 May 2023, Published online: 02 Jun 2023

References

  • Bachrach, C. A., & Morgan, S. P. (2013). A cognitive–social model of fertility intentions. Population & Development Review, 39(3), 459–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00612.x
  • Balbo, N., Billari, F. C., & Mills, M. (2013). Fertility in advanced societies: A review of research. European Journal of Population/ Revue européenne de Démographie, 29(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-012-9277-y
  • Barber, J. S. (2000). Intergenerational influences on the entry into parenthood: Mothers’ preferences for family and nonfamily behavior. Social Forces, 79(1), 319–348. https://doi.org/10.2307/2675573
  • Barber, J. S., Axinn, W. G., & Thornton, A. (1999). Unwanted childbearing, health, and mother-child relationships. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 40(3), 231–257. https://doi.org/10.2307/2676350
  • Billari, F. C., Philipov, D., & Testa, M. R. (2009). Attitudes, norms and perceived behavioural control: Explaining fertility intentions in Bulgaria. European Journal of Population/ Revue européenne de Démographie, 25(4), 439–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-009-9187-9
  • Borchet, J., Hooper, L. M., Lewandowska-Walter, A., Połomski, P., Peplińska, A., & Rostowska, T. (2022). An investigation of a polish version of the parentification inventory. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 31(10), 2769–2784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02338-6
  • Byng-Hall, J. (2008). The significance of children fulfilling parental roles: Implications for family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 30(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2008.00423.x
  • Chase, N. (1999). Parentification: An overview of theory, research, and societal issues. In N. Chase (Eds.), Burdened children: Theory, research, and treatment of parentification (pp. 3–33). The Guilford Press.
  • Ciritel, A. A., De Rose, A., & Arezzo, M. F. (2019). Childbearing intentions in a low fertility context: The case of Romania. Genus, 75(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-018-0046-6
  • Dommermuth, L., Klobas, J., & Lappegård, T. (2011). Now or later? The theory of planned behavior and timing of fertility intentions. Advances in Life Course Research, 16(1), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2011.01.002
  • East, P. L. (2010). Children’s provision of family caregiving: Benefit or burden? Child Development Perspectives, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2009.00118.x
  • Engelhardt, J. A. (2012). The developmental implications of parentification: Effects on childhood attachment. Graduate Student Journal of Psychology, 14, 45–52. https://doi.org/10.52214/gsjp.v14i.10879
  • Ferrari, B., Mesiano, L., Benacchio, L., Ciulli, B., Donolato, A., & Riolo, R. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression and adjustment disorder during puerperium–a retrospective research. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 39(5), 486–498. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2020.1786035
  • Gipson, J. D., Koenig, M. A., & Hindin, M. J. (2008). The effects of unintended pregnancy on infant, child, and parental health: A review of the literature. Studies in Family Planning, 39(1), 18–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2008.00148.x
  • Guedes, M., Pereira, M., Pires, R., Carvalho, P., & Canavarro, M. C. (2015). Childbearing motivations scale: Construction of a new measure and its preliminary psychometric properties. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 24(1), 180–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9824-0
  • Haxhe, S. (2016). Parentification and related processes: Distinction and implications for clinical practice. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 27(3), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/08975353.2016.1199768
  • Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press.
  • Hooper, L. (2007). Expanding the discussion regarding parentification and its varied outcomes: Implications for mental health research and practice. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 29(4), 322–337. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.29.4.48511m0tk22054j5
  • Hooper, L. M. (2017). Parentification. In R. Levesque (eds.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 2023–2031). Springer.
  • Hooper, L. M., & Doehler, K. (2012). Assessing family caregiving: A comparison of three retrospective parentification measures. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 38(4), 653–666. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00258.x
  • Hooper, L. M., Doehler, K., Wallace, S. A., & Hannah, N. J. (2011). The parentification inventory: Development, validation, and cross-validation. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 39(3), 226–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2010.531652
  • Hooper, L. M., Marotta, S. A., & Lanthier, R. P. (2008). Predictors of growth and distress following childhood parentification: A retrospective exploratory study. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 17(5), 693–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-007-9184-8
  • Huczewska, I., Leśniak, J., Mynarska, M., & Miller, W. B. (2022). A short measure of childbearing motivations: Development and psychometric evaluation in polish samples of adults and adolescents. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02497-6
  • Joyce, T. J., Kaestner, R., & Korenman, S. (2000). The effect of pregnancy intention on child development. Demography, 37(1), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/2648098
  • Jurkovic, G. J. (1997). The plight of the parentified child. Brunner Mazel, Inc.
  • Jurkovic, G. J., Kuperminc, G., Perilla, J., Murphy, A., Ibañez, G., & Casey, S. (2004). Ecological and ethical perspectives on filial responsibility: Implications for primary prevention with immigrant Latino adolescents. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 25(1), 81–104. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOPP.0000039940.99463.eb
  • Kenny, D. (2021, May 4). Mediation: Power. https://davidakenny.net/cm/mediate.htm#DI
  • Kerig, P. K. (2005). Revisiting the construct of boundary dissolution: A multidimensional perspective. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 5, 542. https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v05n02_02
  • Khafi, T. Y., Yates, T. M., & Luthar, S. S. (2014). Ethnic differences in the developmental significance of parentification. Family Process, 53(2), 267–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12072
  • Kost, K., & Lindberg, L. (2015). Pregnancy intentions, maternal behaviors, and infant health: Investigating relationships with new measures and propensity score analysis. Demography, 52, 83–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-014-0359-9
  • Kotowska, I., Jóźwiak, J., Matysiak, A., & Baranowska, A. (2008). Poland: Fertility decline as a response to profound societal and labour market changes? Demographic Research, 19(22), 795–854. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.22
  • Kuperminc, G. P., Wilkins, N. J., Jurkovic, G. J., & Perilla, J. L. (2013). Filial responsibility, perceived fairness, and psychological functioning of Latino youth from immigrant families. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(2), 173. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031880
  • Lindberg, L., Maddow-Zimet, I., Kost, K., & Lincoln, A. (2015). Pregnancy intentions and maternal and child health: An analysis of longitudinal data in Oklahoma. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 19(5), 1087–1096. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-014-1609-6
  • Linde Krieger, L. B., & Yates, T. M. (2021). A structural equation model of the etiology and developmental consequences of parent-child role confusion. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 72, 101216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101216
  • Macfie, J., Brumariu, L. E., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2015). Parent–child role-confusion: A critical review of an emerging concept. Developmental Review, 36, 34–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2015.01.002
  • Macfie, J., Mcelwain, N. L., Houts, R. M., & Cox, M. J. (2005). Intergenerational transmission of role reversal between parent and child: Dyadic and family systems internal working models. Attachment & Human Development, 7(1), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730500039663
  • Mallinckrodt, B., Abraham, W. T., Wei, M., & Russell, D. W. (2006). Advances in testing the statistical significance of mediation effects. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(3), 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.3.372
  • Maxson, P., & Miranda, M. L. (2011). Pregnancy intention, demographic differences, and psychosocial health. Journal of Women’s Health, 20(8), 1215–1223. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2010.2379
  • McAllister, L. S., Pepper, G. V., Virgo, S., & Coall, D. A. (2016). The evolved psychological mechanisms of fertility motivation: Hunting for causation in a sea of correlation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1692), 20150151. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0151
  • Merz, E. M. (2012). Fertility intentions depend on intergenerational relations: A life course perspective. Family Science, 3(3–4), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424620.2013.789976
  • Miettinen, A. (2010). Voluntary or involuntary childlessness? Socio-demographic factors and childlessness intentions among childless finnish men and women aged 25-44. Finnish Yearbook of Population Research, 45, 5–24. https://doi.org/10.23979/fypr.45051
  • Miller, W. B. (1992). Personality traits and developmental experiences as antecedents of childbearing motivation. Demography, 29(2), 265–285. https://doi.org/10.2307/2061731
  • Miller, W. B. (1994). Childbearing motivations, desires, and intentions: A theoretical framework. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 120(2), 223–258.
  • Miller, W. B. (1995). Childbearing motivation and its measurement. Journal of Biosocial Science, 27(4), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932000023087
  • Miller, W. B. (2011). Differences between fertility desires and intentions: Implications for theory, research and policy. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 9, 75–98. https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2011s75
  • Miller, W. B. (2021). Childbearing motivation and the T-D-I-B framework: Research across the life course informs theory development. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33290.80326
  • Miller, W. B., Feldman, S. S., & Pasta, D. J. (2002). The effect of the nurturant bonding system on child security of attachment and dependency. Social Biology, 49(3–4), 125–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989055
  • Miller, W. B., Sable, M. R., & Beckmeyer, J. J. (2009). Preconception motivation and pregnancy wantedness: Pathways to toddler attachment security. Journal of Marriage & Family, 71(5), 1174–1192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00662.x
  • Mills, M. A., Rindfuss, R. R., McDonald, P. F., & Te Velde, E. R. (2011). Why do people postpone parenthood? Reasons and social policy incentives. Human Reproduction Update, 17(6), 848–860. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmr026
  • Mynarska, M., & Rytel, J. (2014). Pomiar motywacji do posiadania dzieci wśród osób bezdzietnych. Polska adaptacja Kwestionariusza Motywów Rodzicielskich [Measurement of childbearing motivation among childless individuals: Polish adaptation of the childbearing questionnaire]. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 19(4), 522–543.
  • Mynarska, M., & Rytel, J. (2018). From motives through desires to intentions: Investigating the reproductive choices of childless men and women in Poland. Journal of Biosocial Science, 50(3), 421–433. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932017000190
  • Mynarska, M., & Rytel, J. (2020). Fertility desires of childless poles: Which childbearing motives matter for men and women? Journal of Family Issues, 41(1), 7–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19868257
  • Nuttall, A. K., Ballinger, A. L., Levendosky, A. A., & Borkowski, J. G. (2021). Maternal parentification history impacts evaluative cognitions about self, parenting, and child. Infant Mental Health Journal, 42(3), 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21912
  • Nuttall, A. K., & Valentino, K. (2016). An ecological-transactional model of generational boundary dissolution across development. Marriage & Family Review, 53(2), 105–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1178203
  • Nuttall, A. K., Valentino, K., & Borkowski, J. G. (2012). Maternal history of parentification, maternal warm responsiveness, and children’s externalizing behavior. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(5), 767–775. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029470
  • Nuttall, A. K., Valentino, K., Wang, L., Lefever, J. B., & Borkowski, J. G. (2015). Maternal history of parentification and warm responsiveness: The mediating role of knowledge of infant development. Journal of Family Psychology, 29(6), 863. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000112
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  • Preacher, K. J., & Kelley, K. (2011). Effect size measures for mediation models: Quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022658
  • Rich-Edwards, J. W., Kleinman, K., Abrams, A., Harlow, B. L., McLaughlin, T. J., Joffe, H., & Gillman, M. W. (2006). Sociodemographic predictors of antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among women in a medical group practice. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 60(3), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.039370
  • Riggs, D. W., & Bartholomaeus, C. (2016). The desire for a child among a sample of heterosexual Australian couples. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 34(5), 442–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2016.1222070
  • Robbins, C. L., Zapata, L. B., D’Angelo, D., Brewer, L. I., & Pazol, K. (2021). Pregnancy intention: Associations with maternal behaviors and experiences during and after pregnancy. Journal of Women’s Health, 30(10), 1440–1447. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2021.0051
  • Saleem, H. T., & Surkan, P. J. (2014). Parental pregnancy wantedness and child social-emotional development. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18(4), 930–938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1320-z
  • Saraceno, C., & Keck, W. (2010). Can we identify intergenerational policy regimes in Europe? European Societies, 12(5), 675–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2010.483006
  • Sobotka, T. (2017). Childlessness in Europe: Reconstructing long-term trends among women born in 1900-1972. In M. Kreyenfeld & D. Konietzka (Eds.), Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, causes, and consequences (pp. 17–53). Springer.
  • Stamatopoulos, V. (2018). The young carer penalty: Exploring the costs of caregiving among a sample of Canadian youth. Child & Youth Services, 39(2–3), 180–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2018.1491303
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2018). Using multivariate statistics (7th ed. ed.). Pearson.
  • Thomas, M. A. (2017). Is parentification a gendered issue? Examining the relevance of gender in adults’ lived experiences of childhood parentification ( Doctoral dissertation, Victoria University). Victoria University Research Repository. http://vuir.vu.edu.au/37826/
  • Thompson, R., & Lee, C. (2011). Fertile imaginations: Young men’s reproductive attitudes and preferences. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 29(1), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2010.544295
  • Tymicki, K., Zeman, K., & Holzer-Żelażewska, D. (2018). Cohort fertility of polish women, 1945-2015: The context of postponement and recuperation. Studia demograficzne, 2(174), 5–23. https://doi.org/10.33119/SD.2018.2.1
  • Wei, H. S., Shih, A. T., Chen, Y. F., & Hong, J. S. (2021). The impact of adolescent parentification on family relationship and civic engagement. Journal of Social Work, 21(6), 1413–1432. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017320955249

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.