376
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

A systematic review of influences and outcomes of body image in postpartum via a socioecological framework

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Received 24 Mar 2023, Accepted 19 Aug 2023, Published online: 08 Sep 2023

References

  • Affonso, D. D., & Mayberry, L. J. (1990). Common stressors reported by a group of childbearing American women. Health Care for Women International, 11(3), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399339009515902
  • Aromataris, E., Fernandez, R., Godfrey, C. M., Holly, C., Khalil, H., & Tungpunkom, P. (2015). Summarizing systematic reviews: Methodological development, conduct and reporting of an umbrella review approach. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 13(3), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1097/xeb.0000000000000055
  • Barnes, J., Stein, A., Smith, T., Pollock, J. I., & Study, A. (1997). Extreme attitudes to body shape, social and psychological factors and a reluctance to breast feed. ALSPAC study team. Avon longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 90(10), 551–559. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689709001007
  • Bennion, K. A., Tate, D., Muñoz‐Christian, K., Phelan, S., & Muñoz-Christian, K. (2020). Impact of an internet-based lifestyle intervention on behavioral and psychosocial factors during postpartum weight loss. Obesity, 28(10), 1860–1867. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22921
  • Bergmeier, H., Hill, B., Haycraft, E., Blewitt, C., Lim, S., Meyer, C., & Skouteris, H. (2020). Maternal body dissatisfaction in pregnancy, postpartum and early parenting: An overlooked factor implicated in maternal and childhood obesity risk. Appetite, 147, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104525
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
  • Carter-Edwards, L., Bastian, L. A., Revels, J., Durham, H., Lokhnygina, Y., Amamoo, M. A., & Ostbye, T. (2010). Body image and body satisfaction differ by race in overweight postpartum mothers. Journal of Women’s Health, 19(2), 305–311. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2008.1238
  • Cash, T. F., & Smolak, L. (2011). Body image: A handbook of science, practice, and prevention. Guilford Press.
  • Chan, C. Y., Lee, A. M., Koh, Y. W., Lam, S. K., Lee, C. P., Leung, K. Y., & Tang, C. S. K. (2020). Associations of body dissatisfaction with anxiety and depression in the pregnancy and postpartum periods: A longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 263, 582–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.032
  • Clark, A., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E. H., Paxton, S. J., & Milgrom, J. (2009). The relationship between depression and body dissatisfaction across pregnancy and the postpartum: A prospective study. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105308097940
  • Clark, A., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E., Paxton, S., & Milgrom, J. (2009). My baby body: A qualitative insight into women’s body-related experiences and mood during pregnancy and the postpartum. Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology, 27(4), 330–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646830903190904
  • Coyne, S. M., Liechty, T., Collier, K. M., Sharp, A. D., Davis, E. J., & Kroff, S. L. (2018). The effect of media on body image in pregnant and postpartum women. Health Communication, 33(7), 793–799. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1314853
  • Downs, D., DiNallo, J., & Kirner, T. (2008). Determinants of pregnancy and postpartum depression: Prospective influences of depressive symptoms, body image satisfaction, and exercise behavior. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 36(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-008-9044-9
  • Erbil, N., Şenkul, A., Başara, G. F., Sağlam, Y., & Gezer, M. (2012). Body image among Turkish women during the first year postpartum. Health Care for Women International, 33(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2011.603977
  • Fern, V. A., Buckley, E., & Grogan, S. (2014). Women’s experiences of body image and baby feeding choices: Dealing with the pressure to be slender. British Journal of Midwifery, 22(11), 788–794. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2014.22.11.788
  • Fishbein, E. G., & Burggraf, E. (1998). Early postpartum discharge: How are mothers managing? Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 27(2), 142–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02604.x
  • Fox, B., & Neiterman, E. (2015). Embodied motherhood: Women’s feelings about their postpartum bodies. Gender & Society, 29(5), 670–693. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243215591598
  • George, G. C., Milani, T. J., Hanss-Nuss, H., & Freeland-Graves, J. H. (2005). Compliance with dietary guidelines and relationship to psychosocial factors in low-income women in late postpartum. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105(6), 916–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.03.009
  • Gjerdingen, D., Fontaine, P., Crow, S., McGovern, P., Center, B., & Miner, M. (2009). Predictors of mothers’ postpartum body dissatisfaction. Women's Health, 49(6), 491–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630240903423998
  • Grajek, M., Krupa-Kotara, K., Grot, M., Kujawińska, M., Helisz, P., Gwioździk, W., … Kobza, J. (2022). Perception of the body image in women after Childbirth and the specific determinants of their eating behavior: Cross-sectional study (Silesia, Poland). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610137
  • Green, K., Broome, H., & Mirabella, J. (2006). Postnatal depression among mothers in the United Arab Emirates: Socio-cultural and physical factors. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 11(4), 425–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500600678164
  • Han, S.-Y., Brewis, A. A., & Wutich, A. (2016). Body image mediates the depressive effects of weight gain in new mothers, particularly for women already obese: Evidence from the Norwegian mother and child cohort study. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 664. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3363-8
  • Harris, H. E., Ellison, G. T., & Clement, S. (1999). Relative importance of heritable characteristics and lifestyle in the development of maternal obesity. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 53(2), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.53.2.66
  • Hartley, E., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Skouteris, H., & Hill, B. (2021). A qualitative insight into the relationship between postpartum depression and body image. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 39(3), 288–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2019.1710119
  • Hartley, E., Hill, B., McPhie, S., & Skouteris, H. (2018). The associations between depressive and anxiety symptoms, body image, and weight in the first year postpartum: A rapid systematic review. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 36(1), 81–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2017.1396301
  • Hipp, L. E., Kane Low, L., & van Anders, S. M. (2012). Exploring women’s postpartum sexuality: Social, psychological, relational, and birth‐related contextual factors. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(9), 2330–2341. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02804.x
  • Hodgkinson, E. L., Smith, D. M., & Wittkowski, A. (2014). Women’s experiences of their pregnancy and postpartum body image: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14(1), 330. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-330
  • Hong, Q. N., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., … Pluye, P. (2018). The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers. Education for Information, 34(4), 285–291. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-180221
  • Hung, C.-H., Yu, C.-Y., Ou, C.-C., & Liang, W.-W. (2010). Taiwanese maternal health in the postpartum nursing centre. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(7–8), 1094–1101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03065.x
  • Hutchinson, J., & Cassidy, T. (2022). Well-being, self-esteem and body satisfaction in new mothers. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 40(5), 532–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2021.1916452
  • Jenkin, W., & Tiggemann, M. (1997). Psychological effects of weight retained after pregnancy. Women & Health, 25(1), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v25n01_06
  • Kantrowitz‐Gordon, I., Abbott, S., & Hoehn, R. (2018). Experiences of postpartum women after mindfulness childbirth classes: A qualitative study. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 63(4), 462–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12734
  • Kapa, H. M., Litteral, J. L., Keim, S. A., Jackson, J. L., Schofield, K. A., & Crerand, C. E. (2022). Body image dissatisfaction, breastfeeding experiences, and self-efficacy in postpartum women with and without eating disorder symptoms. Journal of Human Lactation, 38(4), 633–643. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344221076529
  • Kochan, M., & Kabukcuoglu, K. (2022). ‘I wish I had my pre-pregnancy body after birth … but I have to be supported’: A theoretical study based on body image perception in working mothers during the postpartum period. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 42(5), 1103–1111. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2021.2006160
  • Koyuncu, S. B., & Duman, M. (2022). Body dissatisfaction of women during postpartum period and coping strategies. Women & Health, 62(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2021.2014019
  • Lee, M. F., Madsen, J., Williams, S. L., Browne, M., & Burke, K. (2022). Differential effects of intuitive and disordered eating on physical and psychological outcomes for women with young children. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 26(2), 407–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03251-y
  • Lee, M. F., Williams, S. L., & Burke, K. J. (2020). Striving for the thin ideal post-pregnancy: A cross-sectional study of intuitive eating in postpartum women. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 38(2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2019.1607968
  • Levy, S., Handelzalts, J. E., Yadid, L., & Geller, S. (2020). Personality and postpartum sexual functioning in Israeli women: The mediating role of body image. Psychological Reports, 123(2), 185–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118809935
  • Louise, B. E., Jean, H.-S. E., Boucher, S. E., Lynn, T. T., & Christine, H. C. (2019). Learning to eat intuitively: A qualitative exploration of the experience of mid-age women. Health Psychology Open, 6(1), 205510291882406. doi:10.1177/2055102918824064
  • Lovering, M. E., Rodgers, R. F., George, J. E., & Franko, D. L. (2018). Exploring the tripartite influence model of body dissatisfaction in postpartum women. Body Image, 24, 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.12.001
  • MacPherson, A. R., Reid, M., & Dautovich, N. (2022). Examining the postpartum period through social media: A content and thematic analysis of #postpartum Instagram posts. Psychology of Popular Media. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000422
  • McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3), 276–282. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2012.031
  • McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15(4), 351–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500401
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264–269. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
  • Morley-Hewitt, A. G., & Owen, A. L. (2020). A systematic review examining the association between female body image and the intention, initiation and duration of post-partum infant feeding methods (breastfeeding vs bottle-feeding). Journal of Health Psychology, 25(2), 207–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319833744
  • Murray-Davis, B., Grenier, L., Atkinson, S. A., Mottola, M. F., Wahoush, O., Thabane, L., Xie, F., Vickers-Manzin, J., Moore, C., & Hutton, E. K. (2019). Experiences regarding nutrition and exercise among women during early postpartum: a qualitative grounded theory study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1). doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2508-z
  • O’Loghlen, E., & Galligan, R. (2022). Disordered eating in the postpartum period: Role of psychological distress, body dissatisfaction, dysfunctional maternal beliefs and self-compassion. Journal of Health Psychology, 27(5), 1084–1098. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105321995940
  • O’Malley, D., Higgins, A., Begley, C., Daly, D., & Smith, V. (2018). Prevalence of and risk factors associated with sexual health issues in primiparous women at 6 and 12 months postpartum; a longitudinal prospective cohort study (the MAMMI study). BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth, 18(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1838-6
  • Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, 71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
  • Papini, N. M., Mason, T. B., Herrmann, S. D., & Lopez, N. V. (2022). Self-compassion and body image in pregnancy and postpartum: A randomized pilot trial of a brief self-compassion meditation intervention. Body Image, 43, 264–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.010
  • Pardell-Dominguez, L., Palmieri, P. A., Dominguez-Cancino, K. A., Camacho-Rodriguez, D. E., Edwards, J. E., Watson, J., & Leyva-Moral, J. M. (2021). The meaning of postpartum sexual health for women living in Spain: A phenomenological inquiry. BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth, 21(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03578-y
  • Pastore, L., Owens, A., & Raymond, C. (2007). Postpartum sexuality concerns among first-time parents from one US academic hospital. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 4(1), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00379.x
  • Patel, P., Lee, J., Wheatcroft, R., Barnes, J., & Stein, A. (2005). Concerns about body shape and weight in the postpartum period and their relation to women’s self‐identification. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 23(4), 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646830500273657
  • Pauls, R. N., Occhino, J. A., Dryfhout, V., & Karram, M. M. (2008). Effects of pregnancy on pelvic floor dysfunction and body image; a prospective study. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, 19(11), 1495–1501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-008-0670-3
  • Rallis, S., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E. H., & Paxton, S. J. (2007). Predictors of body image during the first year postpartum: A prospective study. Women and Health, 45(1), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v45n01_06
  • Raspovic, A. M., Hart, L. M., Zali, Y., & Prichard, I. (2021). Body image profiles and exercise behaviours in early motherhood. A latent profile analysis. Journal of Health Psychology, 27(9), 2056–2067. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053211019114
  • Riesco-González, F. J., Antúnez-Calvente, I., Vázquez-Lara, J. M., Rodríguez-Díaz, L., Palomo-Gómez, R., Gómez-Salgado, J., Fernández-Carrasco, F. J., … Fernández-Carrasco, F. J. (2022). Body image dissatisfaction as a risk factor for postpartum depression. Medicina, 58(6), 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060752
  • Rodgers, R. F., Fischer, L. E., & Zimmerman, E. (2021). Partner influences, breastfeeding, and body image and eating concerns: An expanded biopsychosocial model. Appetite, 167, 105833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105833
  • Rodgers, R. F. , Flynn, J. L., Bourdeau, A., & Zimmerman, E. (2018). A biopsychosocial model of body image, disordered eating, and breastfeeding among postpartum women. Appetite, 126, 163–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.007
  • Silveira, M. L., Ertel, K. A., Dole, N., & Chasan-Taber, L. (2015). The role of body image in prenatal and postpartum depression: A critical review of the literature. Archive of Women’s Mental Health, 18(3), 409–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-015-0525-0
  • Singh Solorzano, C., Porciello, G., Violani, C., & Grano, C. (2022). Body image dissatisfaction and interoceptive sensibility significantly predict postpartum depressive symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 311, 239–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.109
  • Stefano, E. C., Hudson, D. L., Whisenhunt, B. L., Buchanan, E. M., & Latner, J. D. (2016). Examination of body checking, body image dissatisfaction, and negative affect using ecological momentary assessment. Eating Behaviors, 22, 51–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.03.026
  • Sundgot-Borgen, J., Sundgot-Borgen, C., Myklebust, G., Sølvberg, N., & Torstveit, M. K. (2019). Elite athletes get pregnant, have healthy babies and return to sport early postpartum. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 5(1), e000652. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000652
  • Talebi, E., Heidari, M., Elyasi, F., Jahanfar, S., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2022). Improving body image and sexual life among postpartum women: A single-blind-randomized controlled trial to evaluate a social network-based cognitive-behavioral intervention. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 65(6), 502–512. https://doi.org/10.5468/ogs.22079
  • Tang, L., Tiggemann, M., & Haines, J. (2022). #fitmom: An experimental investigation of the effect of social media on body dissatisfaction and eating and physical activity intentions, attitudes, and behaviours among postpartum mothers. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 766. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-05089-w
  • Thompson, K. A., & Bardone-Cone, A. M. (2022). Self-oriented body comparison and self-compassion: Interactive models of disordered eating behaviors among postpartum women. Behavior Therapy, 53(4), 751–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2022.02.008
  • van den Berg, P., Thompson, J. K., Obremski-Brandon, K., & Coovert, M. (2002). The Tripartite influence model of body image and eating disturbance: A covariance structure modeling investigation testing the mediational role of appearance comparison. Journal of Psychosometric Research, 53(5), 1007–1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00499-3
  • Vanderkruik, R., Ellison, K., Kanamori, M., Freeman, M. P., Cohen, L. S., & Stice, E. (2022). Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in the perinatal period: An underrecognized high-risk timeframe and the opportunity to intervene. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 25(4), 739–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-022-01236-6
  • Walker, L. O., Freeland-Graves, J. H., Milani, T., Hanss-Nuss, H., George, G., Sterling, B. S., Stuifbergen, A., … Stuifbergen, A. (2004). Weight and behavioral and psychosocial factors among ethnically diverse, low-income women after childbirth. Women & Health, 40(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1300/j013v40n02_01
  • Walker, L. O., Sue Sterling, B., Guy, S., & Mahometa, M. J. (2013). Cumulative poor psychosocial and behavioral health among low-income women at 6 weeks postpartum. Nursing Research, 62(4), 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e31829499ac
  • Watson, B., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Broadbent, J., & Skouteris, H. (2015). The meaning of body image experiences during the perinatal period: A systematic review of the qualitative literature. Body Image, 14, 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.04.005
  • Williams, B. M., Christopher, K., & Sinski, J. (2017). “Who doesn’t want to be this hot mom?”: Celebrity mom profiles and mothers’ accounts of their postpartum bodies. SAGE Open, 7(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017720562
  • Yager, Z., Prichard, I., Hart, L., & Damiano, S. R. (2022). Mumbod? A comparison of body image and dietary restraint among women with younger, older, and no children. Journal of Health Psychology, 27(4), 778–789. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320967422

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.