Correlates of pre-partum depressive symptomatology: A multivariate analysis

References

• Affonso , D. E. D. , Lovett , S. , Paul , S. , Arizmendi , T. , Nussbaum , L. and Johnson , B. 1991 . Predictors of depression symptoms during pregnancy and the post-partum . Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 12 : 255 – 271 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrera , M. 1981 . “ Social support in the adjustment of pregnant adolescents: assessment issues ” . In Social Networks and Social Support in Community Mental Health , Edited by: Gottlieb , B. H. 69 – 96 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. and Beck , R. W. 1972 . Screening depressed patients in family practice: a rapid technique . Postgraduate Medicine , 52 : 81 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Rial , W. Y. and Rickels , K. 1974 . Short form of depression inventory: cross-validation . Psychological Reports , 34 : 1184 – 1186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell , A. J. , Land , N. M. , Milne , S. and Hasanyehm , E. 1995 . Post-partum depression: a specific concept? . British Journal of Psychiatry , 166 : 826 – 827 .
   Google Scholar
• Bern , S. L. 1974 . the measurement of psychological androgyny . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 42 : 155 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedek , T. 1959 . Parenthood as a developmental phase: a contribution to the libido theory . Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association , 7 : 389 – 576 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouchard , C. 1993 . Rapport du groupe de travail pour les jeunes , Ministere de la Sante et des Services Sociaux, Gouvernement du Quebec . [Report of the workshop on youth], Province of Quebec
   Google Scholar
• Boyer , R. 1991 . “ Measuring health status and consequences of health problems ” . In Measuring the Health of Canadians Using Population Surveys , Edited by: Stephens , T. and McCullough , R. S. 84 – 89 . Ottawa, Ontario : National Health Information Council .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , G. W. and Harris , T. 1978 . Social Origins of Depression: a study of psychiatric disorder in women , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• David , H. 1980 . La relation entre les manifestations psychologiques de crise chez la femmc enceinte primipare et son niveau d'androgynie [The relationship between psychological crisis manifestations in primiparous women and their androgyny level] , Quebec, , Canada : Universite de Montreal . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Dover , A. C. 1992 . The influence of dependency and self-criticism on post-partum adjustment , McGill University . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Glazer , G. 1980 . Anxiety levels and concerns among pregnant women . Research in Nursing and Health , 3 : 107 – 113 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gotlib , I. H. , Whiffen , V. E. , Mount , J. H. , Milne , K. and Cordy , N. I. 1989 . Prevalence rates and demographic characteristics associated with depression in pregnancy and the postpartum . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 57 : 269 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huffman , L. C. , Lamour , M. , Bryan , Y. E. and Pederson , E. A. 1990 . Depressive symptomatology during pregnancy and the post-pattum period: is the Beck Depression Inventory applicable? . Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology , 8 : 87 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Klatskin , E. H. and Eron , L. D. 1970 . Projective test content during pregnancy and postpartum adjustment . Psychosomatic Medicine , 32 : 487 – 493 .
   Google Scholar
• Lederman , R. P. 1984 . Anxiety and conflict in pregnancy: relationship to maternal health status . Annual Review of Nursing Research , 2 : 27 – 62 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leifer , M. 1977 . Psychological changes accompanying pregnancy and motherhood . Genetic Psychology Monographs , 95 : 55 – 95 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLean , D. E. and Link , B. G. 1994 . “ Unraveling complexity: strategies to refine concepts, measures, and research designs in the study of life events and mental health ” . In Stress and Mental Health: contemporary issues and prospects for the future , Edited by: Avison , W. R. and Gotlib , I. H. 15 – 42 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum , H. R. 1980 . Psychological androgyny, maternal role conflict and maternal role satisfaction in primiparous women during the neomaternal period , Columbia University . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• O'Hara , M. W. 1986 . Social support, life events, and depression during pregnancy and the puerperium . Archives of General Psychiatry , 43 : 569 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hara , M. W. , Neunaber , D. J. and Zekoski , E. M. 1984 . A prospective study of post-partum depression: prevalence, course and predictive factors . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 93 : 158 – 171 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hara , M. W. , Zekoski , E. M. , Philipps , L. H. and Wright , E. J. 1990 . Controlled prospective study of post-partum mood disorders: comparison of childbearing and non-childbearing women . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 99 : 3 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hara , M. W. , Schlechte , J. A. , Lewis , D. A. and Varner , M. W. 1991 . Controlled prospective study of post-partum mood disorders: psychological, environmental, and hormonal variables . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 100 : 63 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olioff , M. and Aboud , E. E. 1991 . Predicting post-partum dysphoria in primiparous mothers: roles of perceived parenting self-efficacy and self-esteem . Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy , 5 : 3 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Pfost , K. S. , Lum , C. U. and Stevens , M. J. 1989 . Feminity and work plans protect women against post-partum dysphoria . Sex Roles , 21 : 423 – 431 .
   Google Scholar
• Pistrang , N. E. 1981 . Women's work involvement and experience of new motherhood , University of California at Los Angeles . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Power , T. G. and Parke , R. D. 1984 . Social network factors and the transition to parenthood . Sex Roles , 10 : 949 – 972 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romito , P. 1990 . Post-partum depression and the experience of motherhood . Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica , 69 ( Supplementum 154 ) : 7 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. 1965 . Society and the Adolescent Self-image , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. 1979 . Conceiving the Self , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Sarason , I. G. , Johnson , J. H. and Siegel , M. 1978 . Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the Life Experiences Survey . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 46 : 932 – 946 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarason , I. G. , Sarason , B. R. , Shearn , E. N. and Pierce , G. R. 1987 . A brief measure of social support: practical and theoretical implications . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 4 : 497 – 510 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolla , N. 1988 . La transition a la parentalite: impact du soutien social, de revaluation des stresseurs et du temperament du bebe sur les stress maternel [Transition to parenthood: impact of social support, stressor appraisal, and baby's temperament on maternal stress] , Quebec, , Canada : Universite Laval . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Spanier , G. B. 1976 . Measuring dyadic adjustment: new scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 38 : 15 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoits , P. A. 1983 . “ Dimensions of life stress that influence psychological distress: an evaluation and synthesis of the literature ” . In Psychosocial Stress: trends in theory and research , Edited by: Kaplan , H. R. 33 – 103 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , B. 1989 . Meta-analysis of factor structure studies: a case study example with Bern's androgyny measure . Journal of Experimental Education , 57 : 187 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilden , V. P. 1983 . The relation of life stress and social support to emotional disequilibrium during pregnancy . Research in Nursing and Health , 6 : 167 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanier Institute of the Family . 1994 . Canadian Families , Ottawa, Ontario : Canada Committe for the International Year of the Family .
   Google Scholar
• Winemiller , D. R. , Mitchell , M. E. , Sutliff , J. and Cline , D. J. 1993 . Measurement strategies in social support: a descriptive review of the literature . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 49 : 638 – 648 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , F. Y. , McCreary , D. R. and Duffy , K. G. 1990 . A further validation of the Bern Sex Role Inventory: a multitrait-multimethod study . Sex Roles , 11 : 249 – 259 .
   Google Scholar