Safety in Microbiology: a Review

References

• Anonymous . 1979 . Laboratory-associated typhoid fever . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports , 28 : 44
   Google Scholar
• Banerjee , K. , Gupta , N.P. and Goverdhan , M.K. 1979 . Viral infections in laboratory personnel . Indian Journal of Medical Research , 69 : 363 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg , P. , Baltimore , D. , Boyer , H.W. , Cohen , S.N. , Davis , R.W. , Hogness , D.S. , Nathans , D. , Roblin , R.O. , Watson , J.D. , Weissman , S. and Zinder , N.D. 1974 . Potential biohazards of recombinant DNA molecules . Science , 185 : 303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg , P. , Baltimore , D. , Brenner , S.O. , Roblin , R.O. and Singer , M.F. 1975 . Summary statement of the Azilomar Conference on recombinant DNA molecules . Science , 188 : 991 Nature 225, 442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British Standard (1979). Specification for Microbiological Safety Cabinets. BS 5726. British Standards Institution, London.
   Google Scholar
• Clark , R.P. 1983 . The Performance, Installation, Testing and Limitation of Microbiological Safety Cabinets Northwood Occupational Hygiene Monograph No. 9. Science Reviews
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , D.R. 1982 . The Howie Code: is the price of safety too high? . Journal of Clinical Pathology , 35 : 1018 – 1023 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins , C.H. 1983 . “ Laboratory-Acquired Infections: History ” . In Incidence , London : Causes and Prevention. Butterworths .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , C.H. and Lyne , P.M. 1984 . Microbiological Methods, , 5th , London : Butterworths . chapter 1.
   Google Scholar
• Collins , C.H. and Yates , M.D. 1982 . The use of a flexible film isolator in a diagnostic laboratory . Laboratory Practice , September : 892 – 894 . 1982
   Google Scholar
• De Kruif , P. 3926 . The Microbe Hunters , London : Jonathan Cape .
   Google Scholar
• De Kruif , P. 1933 . Men Against Death , London : Jonathan Cape .
   Google Scholar
• 1976 . Control of Laboratory Use of Pathogens very Dangerous to Humans , London : Department of Health & Social Security . Department of Health and Social Security
   Google Scholar
• 1978 . Code of Practice for the Prevention of Infection in Clinical Laboratories and Post-mortem Rooms , London : HMSO . Department of Health and Social Security
   Google Scholar
• 1978 . Genetic manipulations: new guidelines for UK . Nature , 276 : 304 – 108 . Genetic Manipulation Advisory Group
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1981 . Code of Practice for Genetic Manipulation: Containment Facilities , London : Medical Research Council . Genetic Manipulation Advisory Group
   Google Scholar
• Grist , N.R. 1975 . Hepatitis in clinical laboratories; a three year survey . Journal of Clinical Pathology , 28 : 255 – 259 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grist , N.R. 1976 . Hepatitis in clinical laboratories 1973-1974 . Journal of Clinical Pathology , 29 : 480 – 483 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grist , N.R. 1978 . Hepatitis in clinical laboratories 1975-1976 . Journal of Clinical Pathology , 31 : 415 – 417 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grist , N.R. 1980 . Hepatitis in clinical laboratories 1977-1978 . Journal of Clinical Pathology , 33 : 471 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grist , N.R. 1981 . Hepatitis and other infections in clinical laboratory staff . Journal of Clinical Pathology , 34 : 655 – 658 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grist , N. 1983 . Infections in British clinical laboratories 1980-81 . Journal of Clinical Pathology , 36 : 121 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington , J.M. and Shannon , H.S. 1976 . Incidence of tuberculosis, hepatitis, brucellosis and shigellosis in British medical laboratory workers . British Medical Journal , I : 759 – 762 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris-Smith , R. and Evans , C.G.T. 1968 . “ The Porton mobile enclosed chemostat (POMEC) ” . In Continuous Cultivation of Micro-organisms. Proceedings of 4th Symposium , Prague : Academia .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , D. 1936 . Saints and martyrs . Lancet , ii : 1131 – 1134 .
   Google Scholar
• Kisskalt , K. 1929 . Laboratoriumsinfectionen mit Typhuzbazillen und anderen Bakterium . Archivfur Hygiene und Bakteriologie , 101 : 137 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence , A. and Barry , A. 1982 . Potential hazards associated with the large-scale manufacture of bacterial vaccines . Chemistry and Industry , 20 : 880 – 884 . November
   Google Scholar
• Lubarsch , O. 1931 . Ein bewegtes Gelehrtenleben , 68 Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• 1980 . Guidelines for Microbiological Safety , Reading : Society for General Microbiology . Microbiological Consultative Committee, 1982
   Google Scholar
• 1976 . Standard No. 49. Class II (Laminar Flow) Biohazard Cabinetry , Michigan : Ann Arbor . National Sanitation Foundation
   Google Scholar
• Paneth , L. 1915 . The prevention of laboratory infections . Medizinische Klinik , 11 : 1398 – 1399 .
   Google Scholar
• Papp , K. 1959 . The eye as a portal of entry of infections . Bulletin of Hygiene , 34 : 969
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , G.B . 1961 . Microbiological Safety in US and Foreign Laboratories. Technical Report No. 35. US Army Chemical Corps , Washington : US Army .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , G.B. 1969 . Control of microbiological hazards in the laboratory . American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal , 30 : 170 – 176 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pike , R.M. 1976 . Laboratory associated infections. Summary and analysis of 3921 cases . Health Laboratory Science , 13 : 105 – 113 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pike , R.M. 1978 . Past and present hazards of working with infectious materials . Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , 102 : 333 – 336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pike , R.M. 1979 . Laboratory associated infections; incidents, fatalities, causes and prevention . Annual Review of Microbiology , 33 : 41 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pike , R.M. , Sulkin , S.E. and Schulze , M.L. 1965 . Continuing importance of laboratory acquired infections . American Journal of Public Health , 55 : 190 – 199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid , D.D. 1957 . The incidence of tuberculosis among workers in medical laboratories . British Medical Journal , ii : 10 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1974 . Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Smallpox Outbreak in London, March-April 1973 (Chairman P.J. Cox) , London : HMSO . Report, Cmnd. 5626.
   Google Scholar
• 1975a . Report of the Working Party on the Laboratory Use of Dangerous Pathogens (Chairman Sir George Godber) , London : HMSO . Report, Cmnd. 6054.
   Google Scholar
• 1975b . Report of the Working Party on the Experimental Manipulation of the Genetic Composition of Micro-organisms (Chairman Lord Ashby) , London : HMSO . Report, Cmnd. 5880.
   Google Scholar
• 1976 . Report of the Working Party on the Practice of Genetic Manipulation (Chairman Sir Robert Williams) , London : HMSO . Report, Cmnd. 5880.
   Google Scholar
• 1980 . Report of the Inquiry into the Causes of the 1978 Birmingham Smallpox Occurrence (Chairman R.A. Shooter). House of Commons Paper , 79 – 80 . London : HMSO . Report
   Google Scholar
• 1983 . Report No. 1 of the Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens: Categorisation of Pathogens According to Risk and Categories of Containment (Chairman D.A.J. Tyrrell) , London : Department of Health and Social Security and the Health and Safety Executive . Report
   Google Scholar
• Sulkin , S.E. 1961 . Laboratory acquired infections . Bacteriological Reviews , 25 : 203 – 209 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sulkin , S.E. and Pike , R.M. 1951 . Laboratory acquired infections . Journal of the American Medical Association , 147 : 1740 – 1745 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , M. 1982 . Downstream processing: hygiene or containment? . Chemistry and Industry , : 876 20 November
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1974a . Classification of Etiologk Agents on the Basis of Hazard , Washington : Centers for Disease Control. Government Printing Office . United States Public Health Service
   Google Scholar
• 1974b . National Institutes of Health Biosafety Guide , Washington : Government Printing Office . United States Public Health Service
   Google Scholar
• 1974b . Lab Safety at the Center for Disease Control , Washington : Government Printing Office . United States Public Health Service
   Google Scholar
• 1976 . National Institutes of Health. Recombinant DNA Research: Guidelines . Federal Register , 41 ( 131 ) United States Public Health Service, Part II, (July)
   Google Scholar
• 1978 . National Institutes of Health Laboratory Safety Monograph , Washington : Supplement to the NIH Guidelines on Recombinant DNA Research. Government Printing Office . United States Public Health Service
   Google Scholar
• 1980a . National Institutes of Health: Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules . Federal Register , 45 ( 20 ) United States Public Health Service, Parts V and VI, (January)
   Google Scholar
• 1980b . Proposed Biosafety Guidelines for Biomedical and Microbiological Laboratories , Atlanta : Centers for Disease Control . United States Public Health Service
   Google Scholar
• 1981 . Classification of Etiologic Agents on the Basis of Hazard . Federal Register , 46 : 59379 – 59380 . United States Public Health Service
   Google Scholar
• 1983 . “ Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories ” . In Centers for Disease Control , Bethesda : Atlanta; National Institutes of Health . United States Public Health Service
   Google Scholar
• van Der Groen , G. , Trexler , P.C. and Pattyn , S.R. 1980 . Negative pressure flexible film isolator for work with Class IV viruses in a maximum security laboratory . Journal of Infection , 2 : 165 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Hemert , P. 1982 . Biosafety aspects of a closed system Westfalia type continuous flow centrifuge . Chemistry and Industry , 20 : 889 – 891 . November
   Google Scholar
• Walker , P.D. and Foster , W.H. 1982 . Containment in vaccine production . Chemistry and Industry , : 884 – 887 . 20 November
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , R.E.O. 1981 . In pursuit of safety . Journal of Clinical Pathology , 34 : 232 – 239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1979a . Safety measures in microbiology; the development of emergency services . Weekly Epidemiological Record No. 20 , : 154 – 156 . World Health Organization
   Google Scholar
• 1979b . Safety measures in microbiology; minimum standards of laboratory safety . Weekly Epidemiological Record No. 44 , : 340 – 342 . World Health Organization
   Google Scholar
• 1980 . Guidelines for the management of accidents involving micro-organisms. A WHO Memorandum . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 58 : 245 – 256 . World Health Organization
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1983 . Laboratory Biosafety Manual , Geneva : WHO . World Health Organization
   Google Scholar