Analytical Ultracentrifuge Technologies for the Characterization of Biopolymer Gels and Microgels

References

• Babsku , V. G. and S’Edin , A.A. 1977 . Investigation of gel forming structures by means of Analytical Ultracentrifugation . Khim. Biol. Nauki. (Dopov AN Ukr. Ser. B) , 10 : 926 – 929 .
   Google Scholar
• Bloomfield , V.A. 1976 . Ultracentrifugal compression of gels . Biopolymers , 15 : 1243 – 1249 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borchard, W. (1975). Zur Thermodynamik von elastischen Mischphasen. Habilituation, Clausthal, 108
   Google Scholar
• Borchard , W. 1975a . über das Quellungsverhalten von Polystyrol verschiedener Netzwerkdichte in Cyclohexan . Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science , 57 : 39 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Borchard , W. 1991 . Swelling pressure equilibrium of swollen crosslinked systems in an external field. I: Theory . Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science , 86 : 84 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Borchard , W. and Colfen , H. 1992 . Characterization of thermoreversible gels by means of sedimentation equilibria . Macromoecular Chemistry, Macromolecular Symposium , 61 : 143 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Borchard , W. 1994 . The sedimentation diffusion equilibrium of a ternary gel . Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science , 94 : 82 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Borchard , W. and Hinsken , H. 1997 . The sedimentation velocity of a gelled polymer . Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science , 107 : 172 – 179 .
   Google Scholar
• Buchdahl , R. , Ende , H. A. and Peebles , L.H. 1963 . Detection of structural differences in polymers by density gradient ultracentrifugation II: Detection of Microgel . Journal of Polymer Science Part C No. , 1 : 143 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Clewlow , A.C. , Errington , N. and Rowe , A.J. 1997 . Analysis of data captured by an online image capture system from an analytical ultracentrifuge using Schlieren optics . European Biophysical Journal , 25 : 311 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Cölfen, H. (1993). Bestimmung thermodynamischer und elastischer Eigenschaften von Gelen mit Hilfe von Sedimentationsgleichgewichten in einer Analytischen Ultrazentrifuge am Beispiel des Systems Gelatine/Wasser. PhD thesis, Duisburg; I. Auflage Verlag Köster, Berlin 1994
   Google Scholar
• Cölfen , H. 1995 . Analytical ultracentrifugation of gels . Colloid & Polymer Science , 273 : 1101 – 1137 .
   Google Scholar
• Cölfen , H. and Borchard , W. 1991 . Swelling pressure equilibrium of swollen crosslinked systems in an external field. III: Unsolved problems concerning the systems gelatin/water and k-carrageenan/water . Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science , 86 : 102 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Cölfen , H. and Borchard , W. 1994 . Soluble parts in gelatin/water gels . Acta Polymeria , 45 : 325 – 329 .
   Google Scholar
• Cölfen , H. and Borchard , W. 1994a . A modified experimental set-up for sedimentation equilibrium experiments with gels. Part 1: The instrumentation . Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science , 94 : 90 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Cölfen , H. and Borchard , W. 1994b . A modified experimental set-up for sedimentation equilibrium experiments with gels. Part 2: Technical developments . Analytical Biochemistry , 219 : 321 – 334 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cölfen, H., Borchard, W. (1994c). Ultrasensitive Schlieren optical system. In Biochemical Diagnostic Instrumentation. Eds. R.F. Bonner, G.E. Conn, T.M. Laue, A.V. Priezzhev. Proceedings, SPIE 2136, 307–314
   Google Scholar
• Cölfen , H. and Borchard , W. 1994d . Determination of the partial specific volumes of thermoreversible gelatin/water and K-carrageenan/water gels . Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics , 195 : 1165 – 1175 .
   Google Scholar
• Cölfen , H. and Borchard , W. 1995 . Influence of soluble parts in gelatin/water gels on their network structure in an ultracentrifugal field . Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics , 196 : 3469 – 3485 .
   Google Scholar
• Cölfen, H., Harding, S.E. (1994) Unpublished observations
   Google Scholar
• de Gennes, P.G. (1975). Scaling concepts in Polymer Physics. London: Cornell University Press
   Google Scholar
• Flory , P.J. and Rehner , J.R. 1943 . Statistical mechanics of cross-linked polymer networks II: Swelling . Journal of Chemical Physics , 11 : 521 – 526 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flory , P.J. and Garrett , R.R. 1958 . Phase transitions in collagen and gelatin systems . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 80 : 4836 – 4845 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinsken , H. and Borchard , W. 1995 . Continuous swelling pressure equilibria of the system K-carrageenan/water . Colloid & Polymer Science , 273 : 913 – 925 .
   Google Scholar
• Hinsken , H. and Selic , E. 1995 . BORCHARD W. Formation of reversible concentration gradients during the centrifugation of gels . Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science , 99 : 154 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Hinsken, H. (1998). Eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung Kinetischer und thermodynamischer Groβen thermoreversibler Gele mit Hilfeder analytischen Ultrazentrifuge: DieGradienten- methode am Beispiel des Systems K-Carragcenan/Wasser. PhD thesis, Duisburg
   Google Scholar
• Holtus , G. and Borchard , W. 1989 . Swelling pressure equilibrium of physical networks in the field of an analytical ultracentrifuge . Colloid & Polymer Science , 267 : 1133 – 1138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtus, G. (1990). Untersuchung der Quellungsdruckgleichgewichte von wäβrigen Gelatine- Gelen in einer Analytischen Ultrazentrifuge. PhD thesis, Duisburg
   Google Scholar
• Holtus , G. , Cölfen , H. and Borchard , W. 1991 . Swelling pressure equilibrium of swollen crosslinked systems in an external field: II: The determination of molecular parameters of gelatin/water gels from the swelling pressure-concentration curves . Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science , 86 : 92 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , P. and Metcalfe , J.C. 1963 . Sedimentation studies of gelatin gels . Journal of Photographic Science , 11 : 214 – 224 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , P. 1964 . A sedimentation study on gel systems . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A , 278 : 527 – 542 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , P. and Metcalfe , J.C. 1967 . Physico-chemical studies on gelatin gels from soluble and insoluble collagens . European Polymer Journal , 3 : 423 – 447 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , P. and King , R.W. 1968 . Sedimentation studies on gelatin gels . Journal of Photographic Science , 16 : 82 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, P. (1968). Physicochemical studies on strongly interacting systems. Solution properties of natural polymers. Special publication No. 23. pp 243–262. London: Royal Society of Chemistry
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , P. 1971 . Velocity and equilibrium aspects of the sedimentation of agar gels . Journal of Photographic Science , 19 : 49 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, P. (1972). Velocity and equilibrium aspects of the sedimentation of agar gels. Photographic Gelatin R.J. Cox. pp 13–27. London, New York: Academic Press
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , P. and Rainsford , K.D. 1972 . The physical properties of mucus: Preliminary observations on the sedimentation behaviour of porcine gastric mucus . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta , 286 : 72 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, R.W. (1967). Physical and Chemical Studies on Gelatin Gels and Sols. PhD thesis, Cambridge
   Google Scholar
• Lange , H. 1986 . Determination of the degree of swelling and crosslinking of extremely small polymer gel quantities by Analytical Ultracentrifugation . Colloid & Polymer Science , 264 : 488 – 4937 .
   Google Scholar
• Mächtle, W. (1992). Analysis of Polymer Dispersions with an Eight-Cell-AUC-Multi- plexer: High Resolution Particle Size Distribution and Density Gradient Techniques. Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science S.E. Harding, A.J. Rowe and J.C. Horton. pp 147–175. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry
   Google Scholar
• Mächtle , W. , Ley , G. and Streib , J. 1995 . Studies of microgel formation in aqueous and organic solvents by light scattering and analytical ultracentrifuge . Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science , 99 : 144 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• McBain, J.W. and Stuewer, R.F. (1936). Anwendungen des einfachen luftgetriebenen Zentrifugenkreisels auf kolloidchemische Probleme.Kolloid-Zeitschrift 74 Heft 1; 10–16
   Google Scholar
• Metcalfe, J.C. (1965). A physico-chemical study of gelatin gels. PhD thesis, Cambridge
   Google Scholar
• Müller , H.G. , Schmidt , A. and Kranz , D. 1991 . Determination of the degree of swelling and crosslinking of latex particles by Analytical Ultracentrifugation . Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science , 86 : 70 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Shaskoua , V.E. and van Holde , K.E. 1958 . Graft Copolymers: Synthesis and Characterization . Journal of Polymer Science , 28 : 395 – 411 .
   Google Scholar
• Shaskoua , V.E. and Beaman , R.G. 1958 . Microgel: An Idealized Polymer Molecule . Journal of Polymer Science , 33 : 101 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Steensgaard, J., Humphries, S. and Spragg, P. (1992). Measurement of sedimentation coefficients. Preparative Centrifugation, A practical Approach, D. Rickwood. Oxford University Press: Oxford pp. 193
   Google Scholar
• Svedberg , T. and Pedersen , K.O. 1940 . The Ultracentrifuge , 29 – 33 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Svedberg, T. and Pedersen, K. O. (1940). Die Ultrazentrifuge. pp 26–29. Dresden: Steinkopff Veriag
   Google Scholar