112
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Immunotherapeutic strategies to induce inflection in the immune response: therapy for cancer and COVID-19

, , & ORCID Icon
Received 14 Apr 2022, Accepted 11 Oct 2022, Published online: 21 Nov 2022

References

  • Abbas, A.K., Lichtman, A.H., & Pillai, S. (2017). Properties and overview of immune responses. In Cellular and Molecular Immunology Vol. 2017. 9th (pp. 1–11). Elsevier.
  • Alatrash, G., Jakher, H., Stafford, P. D., & Mittendorf, E. A. (2013). Cancer immunotherapies, their safety and toxicity. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 12(5), 631–645. https://doi.org/10.1517/14740338.2013.795944
  • Alcami, A. (2003). Viral mimicry of cytokines, chemokines and their receptors. Nature Reviews Immunology, 3(1), 36–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri980
  • Andreu, P., Johansson, M., Affara, N. I., Pucci, F., Tan, T., Junankar, S., Korets, L., Lam, J., Tawfik, D., DeNardo, D. G., Naldini, L., de Visser, K. E., De Palma, M., & Coussens, L. M. (2010). FcRgamma activation regulates inflammation-associated squamous carcinogenesis. Cancer cell, 17(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.019
  • Ansell, S. M., Lesokhin, A. M., Borrello, I., Halwani, A., Scott, E. C., Gutierrez, M., Schuster, S. J., Millenson, M. M., Cattry, D., Freeman, G. J., Rodig, S. J., Chapuy, B., Ligon, A. H., Zhu, L., Grosso, J. F., Kim, S. Y., Timmerman, J. M., Shipp, M. A., & Armand, P. (2015). PD-1 blockade with nivolumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The New England Journal of Medicine, 372(4), 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1411087
  • Asherson, R.A., Gunter, K., Daya, D., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2014). Multiple autoimmune diseases in a young woman: Tuberculosis and splenectomy as possible triggering factors? Another example of the “mosaic” of autoimmunity. The Journal of Rheumatology, 35(6). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18528954/
  • Bascones-Martinez, A., Mattila, R., Gomez-Font, R., & Meurman, J. H. (2014). Immunomodulatory drugs: Oral and systemic adverse effects. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal, 19(1), e24–31. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.19087
  • Bendib, I., Beldi-Ferchiou, A., Schlemmer, F., Surenaud, M., Maitre, B., Plonquet, A., Carteaux, G., Razazi, K., Godot, V., Hüe, S., Mekontso Dessap, A., & de Prost, N. (2021). Alveolar compartmentalization of inflammatory and immune cell biomarkers in pneumonia-related ARDS. Critical care, 25(1), 23. London, England. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03427-y
  • Benzie, I.F.F., & Wachtel-Galor, S. (2011). Editors.Turmeric, the golden spice: From traditional medicine to modern medicine herbal medicine: Biomolecular and clinical aspects (2nd ed.). CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/
  • Bix, M., Liao, N. S., Zijlstra, M., Loring, J., Jaenisch, R., & Raulet, D. (1991). Rejection of class I MHC-deficient haemopoietic cells by irradiated MHC-matched mice. Nature, 349(6307), 329–331. https://doi.org/10.1038/349329a0
  • Blackburn, S. D., Shin, H., Haining, W. N., Zou, T., Workman, C. J., Polley, A., Betts, M. R., Freeman, G. J., Vignali, D. A., & Wherry, E. J. (2009). Coregulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion by multiple inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection. Nature Immunology, 10(1), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.1679
  • Bloch, E. M., Shoham, S., Casadevall, A., Sachais, B. S., Shaz, B., Winters, J. L., van Buskirk, C., Grossman, B. J., Joyner, M., Henderson, J. P., Pekosz, A., Lau, B., Wesolowski, A., Katz, L., Shan, H., Auwaerter, P. G., Thomas, D., Sullivan, D. J., Paneth, N. … Tobian, A. A. (2020). Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 130(6), 2757–2765. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI138745
  • Bonaventura, A., Vecchié, A., Dagna, L., Martinod, K., Dixon, D. L., Van Tassell, B. W., Dentali, F., Montecucco, F., Massberg, S., Levi, M., & Abbate, A. (2021). Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis as key pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19. Nature Reviews Immunology, 21(5), 319–329. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00536-9
  • Bottcher, J. P., Bonavita, E., Chakravarty, P., Blees, H., Cabeza-Cabrerizo, M., Sammicheli, S., Rogers, N. C., Sahai, E., Zelenay, S., & Reis E Sousa, C. (2018). NK Cells Stimulate Recruitment of cDC1 into the Tumor Microenvironment Promoting Cancer Immune Control. Cell, 172(5), 1022–1037.e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.004
  • Bradford, K., & Shih, D. Q. (2011). Optimizing 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine therapy in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 17(37), 4166–4173. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v17.i37.4166
  • Brodin, P., & Davis, M. M. (2017). Human immune system variation. Nature Reviews Immunology, 17(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.125
  • BURNET, M. (1957). Cancer: A biological approach. III. Viruses associated with neoplastic conditions. IV. Practical applications. British Medical Journal, 1(5023), 841–847. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.5023.841
  • Burnet, F. M. (1970). The concept of immunological surveillance. Progress in Experimental Tumor Research, 13, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1159/000386035
  • Burns, E. A., Muhsen, I. N., Anand, K., Xu, J., Umoru, G., Arain, A. N., & Abdelrahim, M. (2021). Hepatitis B virus reactivation in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Journal of Immunotherapy, 44(3), 132–139. Hagerstown, Md. : 1997. https://doi.org/10.1097/CJI.0000000000000358
  • Cable, J., Greenbaum, B., Pe’Er, D., Bollard, C. M., Bruni, S., Griffin, M. E., Allison, J. P., Wu, C. J., Subudhi, S. K., Mardis, E. R., Brentjens, R., Sosman, J. A., Cemerski, S., Zavitsanou, A. M., Proia, T., Egeblad, M., Nolan, G., Goswami, S., Spranger, S., & Mackall, C. L. (2021). Frontiers in cancer immunotherapy—a symposium report. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1489(1), 30–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14526
  • Carsons, S. E. (2008). Issues related to clinical trials of oral and biologic disease-modifying agents for Sjögren’s syndrome. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America, 34(4), 1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2008.08.005
  • Catanzaro, M., Corsini, E., Rosini, M., Racchi, M., & Lanni, C. (2018). Immunomodulators inspired by nature: A review on curcumin and echinacea. Molecules, 23(11), 2778. Basel, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112778
  • Cerwenka, A., & Lanier, L. L. (2016). Natural killer cell memory in infection, inflammation and cancer. Nature Reviews Immunology, 16(2), 112–123. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2015.9
  • CG, D. (2012). Combination immunotherapy approaches. Annals of Oncology, 23(Supplement 8), viii41–46. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mds262
  • Challis, G. B., & Stam, H. J. (1990). The spontaneous regression of cancer. A review of cases from 1900 to 1987. Acta oncologica, 29(5), 545–550. Stockholm, Sweden. https://doi.org/10.3109/02841869009090048
  • Chan, L. S. (2012). Ocular and oral mucous membrane pemphigoid (cicatricial pemphigoid). Clinics in Dermatology, 30(1), 34–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.03.007
  • Chang, S. H., Mirabolfathinejad, S. G., Katta, H., Cumpian, A. M., Gong, L., Caetano, M. S., Moghaddam, S. J., & Dong, C. (2014). T helper 17 cells play a critical pathogenic role in lung cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(15), 5664–5669. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319051111
  • Chaudhary, H., Rawat, A., & Singh, S. (2020). Does Genetics Play a Role in Auto-immune Diseases?. In S. Sharma (Ed.), Women's Health in Autoimmune Diseases. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0114-2_1
  • Cheng, A., & Mann, C. (2006). Oral erosive lichen planus treated with efalizumab. Archives of Dermatology, 142(6), 680–682. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.142.6.680
  • Chen, L., & Han, X. (2015). Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy of human cancer: Past, present, and future. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 125(9), 3384–3391. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI80011
  • Chen, D. S., & Mellman, I. (2017). Elements of cancer immunity and the cancer-immune set point. Nature, 541(7637), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21349
  • Chida, K., Nakanishi, K., Shomura, H., Homma, S., Hattori, A., Kazui, K., & Taketomi, A. (2017). Spontaneous regression of transverse colon cancer: A case report. Surgical case reports, 3(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40792-017-0341-z
  • Chiriva-Internati, M., & Bot, A. (2015). A new era in cancer immunotherapy: Discovering novel targets and reprogramming the immune system. International Reviews of Immunology, 34(2), 101–103. https://doi.org/10.3109/08830185.2015.1015888
  • Coffelt, S. B., & de Visser, K. E. (2015). Immune-mediated mechanisms influencing the efficacy of anticancer therapies. Trends in Immunology, 36(4), 198–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2015.02.006
  • Das, R., Bar, N., Ferreira, M., Newman, A. M., Zhang, L., Bailur, J. K., Bacchiocchi, A., Kluger, H., Wei, W., Halaban, R., Sznol, M., Dhodapkar, M. V., & Dhodapkar, K. M. (2018). Early B cell changes predict autoimmunity following combination immune checkpoint blockade. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 128(2), 715–720. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI96798
  • DeNardo, D. G., Brennan, D. J., Rexhepaj, E., Ruffell, B., Shiao, S. L., Madden, S. F., Gallagher, W. M., Wadhwani, N., Keil, S. D., Junaid, S. A., Rugo, H. S., Hwang, E. S., Jirström, K., West, B. L., & Coussens, L. M. (2011). Leukocyte complexity predicts breast cancer survival and functionally regulates response to chemotherapy. Cancer Discovery, 1(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8274.CD-10-0028
  • Deng, X., Shao, Z., & Zhao, Y. (2021). Solutions to the Drawbacks of Photothermal and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Advanced Science, 8(3), 2002504. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202002504
  • D’Errico, G., Machado, H. L., & Sainz, B., Jr. (2017). A current perspective on cancer immune therapy: Step-by-step approach to constructing the magic bullet. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 6(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40169-016-0130-5
  • Dominguez-Soto, A., Sierra-Filardi, E., Puig-Kröger, A., Pérez-Maceda, B., Gómez-Aguado, F., Corcuera, M. T., Sánchez-Mateos, P., & Corbí, A. L. (2011). Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM-3–grabbing Nonintegrin Expression on M2-Polarized and Tumor-Associated Macrophages is Macrophage-CSF Dependent and Enhanced by Tumor-Derived IL-6 and IL-10. The Journal of Immunology, 186(4), 2192–2200. Baltimore, Md. : 1950. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1000475
  • Donadon, M., Hudspeth, K., Cimino, M., DiTommaso, L., Preti, M., Tentorio, P., Roncalli, M., Mavilio, D., & Torzilli, G. (2017). Increased Infiltration of Natural Killer and T Cells in Colorectal Liver Metastases Improves Patient Overall Survival. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery : Official Journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, 21(8), 1226–1236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-017-3446-6
  • Donskov, F. (2013). Immunomonitoring and prognostic relevance of neutrophils in clinical trials. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 23(3), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.02.001
  • Esfahani, K., Elkrief, A., Calabrese, C., Lapointe, R., Hudson, M., Routy, B., Miller, W. H., Jr., & Calabrese, L. (2020). Moving towards personalized treatments of immune-related adverse events. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 17(8), 504–515. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-020-0352-8
  • Ferguson, F. M., & Gray, N. S. (2018). Kinase inhibitors: The road ahead. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 17(5), 353–377. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2018.21
  • Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Dikshit, R., Eser, S., Mathers, C., Rebelo, M., Parkin, D. M., Forman, D., & Bray, F. (2015). Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. International Journal of Cancer, 136(5), E359–386. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29210
  • Fife, B. T., & Bluestone, J. A. (2008). Control of peripheral T-cell tolerance and autoimmunity via the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways. Immunological reviews, 224(1), 166–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00662.x
  • Flamand, V., Sornasse, T., Thielemans, K., Demanet, C., Bakkus, M., Bazin, H., Tielemans, F., Leo, O., Urbain, J., & Moser, M. (1994). Murine dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with tumor antigen induce tumor resistance in vivo. European Journal of Immunology, 24(3), 605–610. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830240317
  • Fridlender, Z. G., Sun, J., Kim, S., Kapoor, V., Cheng, G., Ling, L., Worthen, G. S., & Albelda, S. M. (2009). Polarization of tumor-associated neutrophil phenotype by TGF-beta: “N1” versus “N2” TAN. Cancer cell, 16(3), 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2009.06.017
  • Gong, L., Cumpian, A. M., Caetano, M. S., Ochoa, C. E., De la Garza, M. M., Lapid, D. J., Mirabolfathinejad, S. G., Dickey, B. F., Zhou, Q., & Moghaddam, S. J. (2013). Promoting effect of neutrophils on lung tumorigenesis is mediated by CXCR2 and neutrophil elastase. Molecular cancer, 12(1), 154. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-12-154
  • Gonzalez, H., Robles, I., & Werb, Z. (2018). Innate and acquired immune surveillance in the postdissemination phase of metastasis. The FEBS Journal, 285(4), 654–664. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.14325
  • Gottlieb, R. L., Nirula, A., Chen, P., Boscia, J., Heller, B., Morris, J., Huhn, G., Cardona, J., Mocherla, B., Stosor, V., Shawa, I., Kumar, P., Adams, A. C., Van Naarden, J., Custer, K. L., Durante, M., Oakley, G., Schade, A. E., Holzer, T. R. … Skovronsky, D. M. (2021). Effect of bamlanivimab as monotherapy or in combination with etesevimab on viral load in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 325(7), 632–644. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.0202
  • Grady, D. Harnessing the immune system to fight cancer. The New York Times. Jul 30, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/31/health/harnessing-the-immune-system-to-fight-cancer.html
  • Guo, C., Manjili, M. H., Subjeck, J. R., Sarkar, D., Fisher, P. B., & Wang, X. Y. (2013). Therapeutic cancer vaccines: Past, present, and future. Advances in Cancer Research, 119, 421–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407190-2.00007-1
  • Hanahan, D., & Weinberg, R. A. (2011). Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation. Cell, 144(5), 646–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
  • Hasan, S. (2020). An overview of promising biomarkers in cancer screening and detection. Current Cancer Drug Targets, 20(11), 831–852. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568009620666200824102418
  • He, Y., Rivard, C. J., Rozeboom, L., Yu, H., Ellison, K., Kowalewski, A., Zhou, C., & Hirsch, F. R. (2016). Lymphocyte-activation gene-3, an important immune checkpoint in cancer. Cancer science, 107(9), 1193–1197. https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.12986
  • Hodi, F. S., O’Day, S. J., McDermott, D. F., Weber, R. W., Sosman, J. A., Haanen, J. B., Gonzalez, R., Robert, C., Schadendorf, D., Hassel, J. C., Akerley, W., van den Eertwegh, A. J., Lutzky, J., Lorigan, P., Vaubel, J. M., Linette, G. P., Hogg, D., Ottensmeier, C. H., Lebbé, C. … Urba, W. J. (2010). Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. The New England Journal of Medicine, 363(8), 711–723. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1003466
  • Horby, P.W., Mafham, M., Peto, L., Campbell, M., Pessoa-Amorim, G., Spata, E., Staplin, N., Emberson, J.R., Prudon, B., Hine, P., Brown, T., Green, C.A., Sarkar, R., Desai, P., Yates, B., Bewick, T., Tiberi, S., Felton, T., Baillie, J.K., Buch, M.H., Chappell, L.C. et al . (2021). Casirivimab and imdevimab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): A randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.15.21258542
  • Hosseini, H., Obradović, M., Hoffmann, M., Harper, K. L., Sosa, M. S., Werner-Klein, M., Nanduri, L. K., Werno, C., Ehrl, C., Maneck, M., Patwary, N., Haunschild, G., Gužvić, M., Reimelt, C., Grauvogl, M., Eichner, N., Weber, F., Hartkopf, A. D., Taran, F. A. … Klein, C. A. (2016). Early dissemination seeds metastasis in breast cancer. Nature, 540(7634), 552–558. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20785
  • Hossen, M. J., Jeon, S. H., Kim, S. C., Kim, J. H., Jeong, D., Sung, N. Y., Yang, S., Baek, K. S., Kim, J. H., Yoon, D. H., Song, W. O., Yoon, K. D., Cho, S. H., Lee, S., Kim, J. H., & Cho, J. Y. (2015). In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus acidus methanolic extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 168, 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.043
  • Houghton, A. M., Rzymkiewicz, D. M., Ji, H., Gregory, A. D., Egea, E. E., Metz, H. E., Stolz, D. B., Land, S. R., Marconcini, L. A., Kliment, C. R., Jenkins, K. M., Beaulieu, K. A., Mouded, M., Frank, S. J., Wong, K. K., & Shapiro, S. D. (2010). Neutrophil elastase-mediated degradation of IRS-1 accelerates lung tumor growth. Nature medicine, 16(2), 219–223. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2084
  • Huang, C. T., Workman, C. J., Flies, D., Pan, X., Marson, A. L., Zhou, G., Hipkiss, E. L., Ravi, S., Kowalski, J., Levitsky, H. I., Powell, J. D., Pardoll, D. M., Drake, C. G., & Vignali, D. A. (2004). Role of LAG-3 in regulatory T cells. Immunity, 21(4), 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2004.08.010
  • Iannello, A., Thompson, T. W., Ardolino, M., Lowe, S. W., & Raulet, D. H. (2013). P53-dependent chemokine production by senescent tumor cells supports NKG2D-dependent tumor elimination by natural killer cells. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 210(10), 2057–2069. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20130783
  • Ishigami, S., Natsugoe, S., Tokuda, K., Nakajo, A., Che, X., Iwashige, H., Aridome, K., Hokita, S., & Aikou, T. (2000). Prognostic value of intratumoral natural killer cells in gastric carcinoma. Cancer, 88(3), 577–583. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000201)88:3<577:AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-V
  • Iwama, S., De Remigis, A., Callahan, M. K., Slovin, S. F., Wolchok, J. D., & Caturegli, P. (2014). Pituitary expression of CTLA-4 mediates hypophysitis secondary to administration of CTLA-4 blocking antibody. Science Translational Medicine, 6(230), 230ra45. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3008002
  • Jacobs, C. F., Eldering, E., & Kater, A. P. (2021). Kinase inhibitors developed for treatment of hematologic malignancies: Implications for immune modulation in COVID-19. Blood Advances, 5(3), 913–925. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003768
  • Johnson, D. B., Balko, J. M., Compton, M. L., Chalkias, S., Gorham, J., Xu, Y., Hicks, M., Puzanov, I., Alexander, M. R., Bloomer, T. L., Becker, J. R., Slosky, D. A., Phillips, E. J., Pilkinton, M. A., Craig-Owens, L., Kola, N., Plautz, G., Reshef, D. S., Deutsch, J. S. … Moslehi, J. J. (2016). Fulminant myocarditis with combination immune checkpoint blockade. The New England Journal of Medicine, 375(18), 1749–1755. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1609214
  • Jose, J., Sudhakaran, S., Sumesh Kumar, T. M., Jayaraman, S., & Jayadevi Variyar, E. (2014). Study of in vitro immunomodulatory effect of flavonoid isolated from Phyllanthus niruri on human blood lymphocytes and evaluation of its antioxidant potential. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research international Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 6(2), 284–289. 1. https://ijppr.openresearchjournals.com/index.php/ijppr/article/view/416
  • June, C. H., Warshauer, J. T., & Bluestone, J. A. (2017). Corrigendum: Is autoimmunity the Achilles’ heel of cancer immunotherapy? Nature medicine, 23(8), 1004. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0817-1004b
  • Jung, S. M., Akhmetzhanov, A. R., Hayashi, K., Linton, N. M., Yang, Y., Yuan, B., Kobayashi, T., Kinoshita, R., & Nishiura, H. (2020). Real-time estimation of the risk of death from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: Inference using exported cases. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(2), 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020523
  • Karlhofer, F. M., Ribaudo, R. K., & Yokoyama, W. M. (1992). MHC class I alloantigen specificity of Ly-49+ IL-2-activated natural killer cells. Nature, 358(6381), 66–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/358066a0
  • Karlitepe, A., Ozalp, O., & Avci, C. B. (2015). New approaches for cancer immunotherapy. Tumour Biology: The Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine, 36(6), 4075–4078. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-3491-2
  • Keizman, D., Ish-Shalom, M., Huang, P., Eisenberger, M. A., Pili, R., Hammers, H., & Carducci, M. A. (2012). The association of pre-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with response rate, progression free survival and overall survival of patients treated with sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. European Journal of Cancer, 48(2), 202–208. Oxford, England : 1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.09.001
  • Kessenbrock, K., Plaks, V., & Werb, Z. (2010). Matrix metalloproteinases: Regulators of the tumor microenvironment. Cell, 141(1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.015
  • Khan, S., Khan, S. A., Luo, X., Fattah, F. J., Saltarski, J., Gloria McCutchen, Y., Lu, R., Xie, Y., Li, Q., Wakeland, E., & Gerber, D. E. (2019). Immune dysregulation in cancer patients developing immune-related adverse events. British Journal of Cancer, 120(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-018-0155-1
  • Khoo, H. E., Azlan, A., Kong, K. W., & Ismail, A. (2016). Phytochemicals and medicinal properties of indigenous tropical fruits with potential for commercial development. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCam, 2016, 7591951. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7591951
  • Kim, T. J., Cho, K. S., & Koo, K. C. (2020). Current status and future perspectives of immunotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: A comprehensive review. Cancers, 12(1), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12010192
  • Kitamura, T., Qian, B. Z., & Pollard, J. W. (2015). Immune cell promotion of metastasis. Nature reviews Immunology, 15(2), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3789
  • Kolaczkowska, E., & Kubes, P. (2013). Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation. Nature Reviews Immunology, 13(3), 159–175. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3399
  • Kucerova, P., & Cervinkova, M. (2016). Spontaneous regression of tumour and the role of microbial infection–possibilities for cancer treatment. Anti-cancer drugs, 27(4), 269–277. https://doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0000000000000337
  • Kumar, V., Patel, S., Tcyganov, E., & Gabrilovich, D. I. (2016). The nature of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Trends in Immunology, 37(3), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2016.01.004
  • Kumar, A., Swain, C. A., & Shevde, L. A. (2021). Informing the new developments and future of cancer immunotherapy : Future of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Metastasis Reviews, 40(2), 549–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-021-09967-1
  • Lanier, L. L. (2005). Missing self, NK cells, and the White Album. Journal of Immunology, 174(11), 6565. Baltimore, Md.: 1950. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.6565
  • Lee, S. J., Chinen, J., & Kavanaugh, A. (2010). Immunomodulator therapy: Monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, cytokines, and immunoglobulins. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 125(2 Suppl 2), S314–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.018
  • Lee, W. H., Loo, C. Y., Bebawy, M., Luk, F., Mason, R. S., & Rohanizadeh, R. (2013). Curcumin and its derivatives:Their application in neuropharmacology and neuroscience in the 21st century. Current neuropharmacology, 11(4), 338–378. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X11311040002
  • Le Mercier, I., Lines, J. L., & Noelle, R. J. (2015). Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1, the Generation Z of Negative Checkpoint Regulators. Frontiers in Immunology, 6, 418. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00418
  • Lim, S. Y., Lee, J. H., Gide, T. N., Menzies, A. M., Guminski, A., Carlino, M. S., Breen, E. J., Yang, J., Ghazanfar, S., Kefford, R. F., Scolyer, R. A., Long, G. V., & Rizos, H. (2019). Circulating cytokines predict immune-related toxicity in melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1-Based Immunotherapy. Clinical Cancer Research : An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 25(5), 1557–1563. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-2795
  • Liu, R. B., Engels, B., Arina, A., Schreiber, K., Hyjek, E., Schietinger, A., Binder, D. C., Butz, E., Krausz, T., Rowley, D. A., Jabri, B., & Schreiber, H. (2012). Densely granulated murine NK cells eradicate large solid tumors. Cancer Research, 72(8), 1964–1974. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3208
  • Liu, Y., Zhou, X., Liu, X., & Jiang, X. (2021). The immunology and immunotherapy for COVID-19. Expert reviews in molecular medicine, 23(e24), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2021.30
  • López-Jornet, P., Camacho-Alonso, F., & Salazar-Sanchez, N. (2010). Topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus in the treatment of oral lichen planus: An update. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine: Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology, 39(3), 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00830.x
  • Mahoney, K. M., Ross Macdonald, P., Yuan, L., Song, L., Veras, E., Wind-Rotolo, M., McDermott, D. F., Stephen Hodi, F., Choueiri, T. K., & Freeman, G. J. (2022). Soluble PD-L1 as an early marker of progressive disease on nivolumab. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 10(2), e003527. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-003527
  • Maker, A. V., Phan, G. Q., Attia, P., Yang, J. C., Sherry, R. M., Topalian, S. L., Kammula, U. S., Royal, R. E., Haworth, L. R., Levy, C., Kleiner, D., Mavroukakis, S. A., Yellin, M., & Rosenberg, S. A. (2005). Tumor regression and autoimmunity in patients treated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade and interleukin 2: A phase I/II study. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 12(12), 1005–1016. https://doi.org/10.1245/ASO.2005.03.536
  • Mandal, R., & Chan, T. A. (2016). Personalized oncology meets immunology: The path toward precision immunotherapy. Cancer Discovery, 6(7), 703–713. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-0146
  • Mangsbo, S. M., Sandin, L. C., Anger, K., Korman, A. J., Loskog, A., & Tötterman, T. H. (2010). Enhanced tumor eradication by combining CTLA-4 or PD-1 blockade with CpG therapy. Journal of Immunotherapy, 33(3), 225–235. Hagerstown, Md. : 1997. https://doi.org/10.1097/CJI.0b013e3181c01fcb
  • Mantovani, A., Marchesi, F., Malesci, A., Laghi, L., & Allavena, P. (2017). Tumour-associated macrophages as treatment targets in oncology. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 14(7), 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.217
  • Marcus, A., Gowen, B. G., Thompson, T. W., Iannello, A., Ardolino, M., Deng, W., Wang, L., Shifrin, N., & Raulet, D. H. (2014). Recognition of tumors by the innate immune system and natural killer cells. Advances in Immunology, 122, 91–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800267-4.00003-1
  • Martin, A. D., Wang, X., Sandberg, M. L., Negri, K. R., Wu, M. L., Toledo Warshaviak, D., Gabrelow, G. B., McElvain, M. E., Lee, B., Daris, M. E., Xu, H., & Kamb, A. (2021). Re-examination of MAGE-A3 as a T-cell Therapeutic Target. Journal of Immunotherapy, 44(3), 95–105. Hagerstown, Md. : 1997. https://doi.org/10.1097/CJI.0000000000000348
  • Massague, J. (2008). Tgfbeta in Cancer. Cell, 134(2), 215–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.001
  • Mathew, D., Giles, J. R., Baxter, A. E., Oldridge, D. A., Greenplate, A. R., Wu, J. E., Alanio, C., Kuri-Cervantes, L., Pampena, M. B., D’Andrea, K., Manne, S., Chen, Z., Huang, Y. J., Reilly, J. P., Weisman, A. R., Ittner, C., Kuthuru, O., Dougherty, J., Nzingha, K. … Wherry, E. J. (2020). Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications. Science, 369(6508), eabc8511. New York, N.Y. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc8511
  • McAllister, S. S., & Weinberg, R. A. (2014). The tumour-induced systemic environment as a critical regulator of cancer progression and metastasis. Nature Cell Biology, 16(8), 717–727. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3015
  • Miliotou, A. N., & Papadopoulou, L. C. (2018). CAR T-cell Therapy: A new era in cancer immunotherapy. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 19(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201019666180418095526
  • Mirabile, A., Brioschi, E., Ducceschi, M., Piva, S., Lazzari, C., Bulotta, A., Viganò, M. G., Petrella, G., Gianni, L., & Gregorc, V. (2019). PD-1 inhibitors-related neurological toxicities in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: A literature review. Cancers, 11(3), 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11030296
  • Moghadamtousi, S. Z., Kadir, H. A., Hassandarvish, P., Tajik, H., Abubakar, S., & Zandi, K. (2014). A review on antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity of curcumin. BioMed Research International, 2014, 186864. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/186864
  • Mukherjee, P., Nema, N., Bhadra, S., Mukherjee, D., Braga, F., & Matsabisa, M. (2014). Immunomodulatory leads from medicinal plants. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 13(2), 235–256. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/27905/1/IJTK%20132%20235-256.pdf
  • Muñoz-Rivas, N., Abad Motos, A., Mestre-Gómez, B., Sierra-Hidalgo, F., Cortina-Camarero, C., Lorente-Ramos, R. M., Torres-Rubio, P., Arranz-García, P., Franco-Moreno, A. I., Gómez-Mariscal, E., Mauleón-Fernández, C., Alonso-García, S., Rogado, J., Saez-Vaquero, T., Such Diaz, A., Ryan, P., Moya-Mateo, E., Martín-Navarro, J. A., Hernández-Rivas, J. A., & Torres Macho, J. (2021). Ystemic thrombosis in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients despite thromboprophylaxis: A retrospective study. Thrombosis Research, 199, 132–142. … Infanta Leonor Thrombosis Research Group. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.12.024
  • Naidoo, J., Page, D. B., & Wolchok, J. D. (2014). Immune modulation for cancer therapy. British Journal of Cancer, 111(12), 2214–2219. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.348
  • Naidoo, J., Wang, X., Woo, K. M., Iyriboz, T., Halpenny, D., Cunningham, J., Chaft, J. E., Segal, N. H., Callahan, M. K., Lesokhin, A. M., Rosenberg, J., Voss, M. H., Rudin, C. M., Rizvi, H., Hou, X., Rodriguez, K., Albano, M., Gordon, R. A., Leduc, C. … Hellmann, M. D. (2017). Pneumonitis in patients treated with anti-programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 therapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 35(7), 709–717. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.68.2005
  • Noy, R., & Pollard, J. W. (2014). Tumor-associated macrophages: From mechanisms to therapy. Immunity, 41(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.010
  • O’Day, S. J., Hamid, O., & Urba, W. J. (2007). Targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): A novel strategy for the treatment of melanoma and other malignancies. Cancer, 110(12), 2614–2627. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23086
  • O’Donnell, J. S., Long, G. V., Scolyer, R. A., Teng, M. W., & Smyth, M. J. (2017). Resistance to PD1/PDL1 checkpoint inhibition. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 52, 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.007
  • Oh, D. Y., Cham, J., Zhang, L., Fong, G., Kwek, S. S., Klinger, M., Faham, M., & Fong, L. (2017). Immune Toxicities Elicted by CTLA-4 Blockade in Cancer Patients are Associated with Early Diversification of the T-cell Repertoire. Cancer Research, 77(6), 1322–1330. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2324
  • Ott, P. A. *, Stephen Hodi, F., Kaufman, H. L., Wigginton, J. M. and Wolchok, J. D. (2017). Combination immunotherapy: A road map. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 5(1), 16. *. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40425-017-0218-5
  • Pabla, N., & Dong, Z. (2012). Curtailing side effects in chemotherapy: A tale of PKCδ in cisplatin treatment. Oncotarget, 3(1), 107–111. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.439
  • Parvu, A. E., Parvu, M., Vlase, L., Miclea, P., Mot, A. C., & Silaghi Dumitrescu, R. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effects of Allium schoenoprasum L. leaves. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology: An Official Journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 65(2), 309–315. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24781739/
  • Perkins, D., Wang, Z., Donovan, C., He, H., Mark, D., Guan, G., Wang, Y., Walunas, T., Bluestone, J., Listman, J., & Finn, P. W. (1996). Regulation of CTLA-4 expression during T cell activation. Journal of Immunology, 156(11), 4154–4159. Baltimore, Md. : 1950. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8666782/.
  • Pijpe, J., Meijer, J. M., Bootsma, H., van der Wal, J. E., Spijkervet, F. K., Kallenberg, C. G., Vissink, A., & Ihrler, S. (2009). Clinical and histologic evidence of salivary gland restoration supports the efficacy of rituximab treatment in Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 60(11), 3251–3256. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24903
  • Qian, B. Z., Zhang, H., Li, J., He, T., Yeo, E. J., Soong, D. Y., Carragher, N. O., Munro, A., Chang, A., Bresnick, A. R., Lang, R. A., & Pollard, J. W. (2015). FLT1 signaling in metastasis-associated macrophages activates an inflammatory signature that promotes breast cancer metastasis. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 212(9), 1433–1448. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20141555
  • Quail, D. F., & Joyce, J. A. (2013). Microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. Nature medicine, 19(11), 1423–1437. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3394
  • Rezaei, N., Aalaei-Andabili, S. H., Amini, N., Delavari, F., Keshavarz-Fathi, M., & Kaufman, H. L. (2020). Introduction on Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. In N. Rezaei (Ed.), Cancer Immunology. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30845-2_1
  • Richeldi, L., Costabel, U., Selman, M., Kim, D. S., Hansell, D. M., Nicholson, A. G., Brown, K. K., Flaherty, K. R., Noble, P. W., Raghu, G., Brun, M., Gupta, A., Juhel, N., Klüglich, M., & du Bois, R. M. (2011). Efficacy of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 365(12), 1079–1087. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1103690
  • Richeldi, L., Kolb, M., Jouneau, S., Wuyts, W. A., Schinzel, B., Stowasser, S., Quaresma, M., & Raghu, G. (2020). Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 20(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-1030-4
  • Rosenberg, S. A. (2014). Decade in review-cancer immunotherapy: Entering the mainstream of cancer treatment. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 11(11), 630–632. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.174
  • Rungkat, F.-Z., Nurahman, N., Prangdimurt, E. P., & Tejasari, T. (2003). Antioxidant and immune enhancement activities of ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe) extracts and compounds in in vitro and in vivo mouse and human system. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 8(1), 96–104. https://doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2003.8.1.096
  • Salto-Tellez, M., Tan, E., & Lim, B. (2005). ARDS in SARS: Cytokine mediators and treatment implications. Cytokine, 29(2), 92–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2004.09.002
  • Schonder, K. S., Mazariegos, G. V., & Weber, R. J. (2010). Adverse effects of immunosuppression in pediatric solid organ transplantation. Paediatric drugs, 12(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.2165/11316180-000000000-00000
  • Schumacher, T. N., & Schreiber, R. D. (2015). Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. Science, 348(6230), 69–74. New York, N.Y. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa4971
  • Shankar-Hari, M., Spencer, J., Sewell, W. A., Rowan, K. M., & Singer, M. (2012). Bench-to-bedside review: Immunoglobulin therapy for sepsis - biological plausibility from a critical care perspective. Critical care Critical care, 16(2), 206. London, England. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc10597
  • Siddiqi, H. K., & Mehra, M. R. (2020). COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: A clinical-therapeutic staging proposal. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation: The Official Publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation, 39(5), 405–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.03.012
  • Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., & Jemal, A. (2016). Cancer statistics, 2016. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 66(1), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21332
  • Smyth, M. J., Ngiow, S. F., Ribas, A., & Teng, M. W. (2016). Combination cancer immunotherapies tailored to the tumour microenvironment. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 13(3), 143–158. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.209
  • Speiser, D. E., Ho, P. C., & Verdeil, G. (2016). Regulatory circuits of T cell function in cancer. Nature Reviews Immunology, 16(10), 599–611. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.80
  • Subudhi, S. K., Aparicio, A., Gao, J., Zurita, A. J., Araujo, J. C., Logothetis, C. J., Tahir, S. A., Korivi, B. R., Slack, R. S., Vence, L., Emerson, R. O., Yusko, E., Vignali, M., Robins, H. S., Sun, J., Allison, J. P., & Sharma, P. (2016). Clonal expansion of CD8 T cells in the systemic circulation precedes development of ipilimumab-induced toxicities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(42), 11919–11924. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611421113
  • Syabana, M. A., Yuliana, N. D., Batubara, I., & Fardiaz, D. (2020). Antidiabetic activity screening and NMR profile of vegetable and spices commonly consumed in Indonesia. Food Science and Technology, 41(suppl 1), 254–264. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.14120
  • Talasaz, A. H., Sadeghipour, P., Kakavand, H., Aghakouchakzadeh, M., Kordzadeh-Kermani, E., Van Tassell, B. W., Gheymati, A., Ariannejad, H., Hosseini, S. H., Jamalkhani, S., Sholzberg, M., Monreal, M., Jimenez, D., Piazza, G., Parikh, S. A., Kirtane, A. J., Eikelboom, J. W., Connors, J. M., Hunt, B. J. … Bikdeli, B. (2021). Recent randomized trials of antithrombotic therapy for patients with COVID-19: Jacc state-of-the-art review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 77(15), 1903–1921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.035
  • Tanaka, A., & Sakaguchi, S. (2017). Regulatory T cells in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Research, 27(1), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2016.151
  • Taube, J. M., Klein, A., Brahmer, J. R., Xu, H., Pan, X., Kim, J. H., Chen, L., Pardoll, D. M., Topalian, S. L., & Anders, R. A. (2014). Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 20(19), 5064–5074. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-3271
  • Teft, W. A., Kirchhof, M. G., & Madrenas, J. (2006). A molecular perspective of CTLA-4 function. Annual Review of Immunology, 24(1), 65–97. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090535
  • Teng, M. W., Galon, J., Fridman, W. H., & Smyth, M. J. (2015). From mice to humans: Developments in cancer immunoediting. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 125(9), 3338–3346. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI80004
  • Thomas, L. (1959) Discussion. In H. Lawrence, Ed. Cellular and Humoral Aspects of the Hypersensitive States. Hoeber-Harper; pp. 529–532. 1959. https://www.scirp.org/Si43dyn45teexjx455qlt3d2q/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=865233
  • Tian, Y., Zhang, Z., Yang, X., Li, D., Zhang, L., Li, Z., Zhang, S., Mao, Y., Jin, C., & Zhao, Y. (2020). The risk ratio of immune-related colitis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis in patients with solid tumors caused by pd-1/pd-l1 inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Oncology, 10, 261. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.00261
  • Topalian, S. L., Drake, C. G., & Pardoll, D. M. (2015). Immune checkpoint blockade: A common denominator approach to cancer therapy. Cancer cell, 27(4), 450–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2015.03.001
  • van der Bruggen, P., Traversari, C., Chomez, P., Lurquin, C., De Plaen, E., Van den Eynde, B., Knuth, A., & Boon, T. (1991). A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma. Science, 254(5038), 1643–1647. New York, N.Y. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1840703
  • Ventola, C. L. (2017). Cancer Immunotherapy, Part 3: Challenges and Future Trends. P & T : A Peer-Reviewed Journal for Formulary Management, 42(8), 514–521.C. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28781505/
  • Voskoboinik, I., Smyth, M. J., & Trapani, J. A. (2006). Perforin-mediated target-cell death and immune homeostasis. Nature Reviews Immunology, 6(12), 940–952. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1983
  • Wagtmann, N., Biassoni, R., Cantoni, C., Verdiani, S., Malnati, M. S., Vitale, M., Bottino, C., Moretta, L., Moretta, A., & Long, E. O. (1995). Molecular clones of the p58 NK cell receptor reveal immunoglobulin-related molecules with diversity in both the extra- and intracellular domains. Immunity, 2(5), 439–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/1074-7613(95)90025-x
  • Wang-Gillam, A., Plambeck-Suess, S., Goedegebuure, P., Simon, P. O., Mitchem, J. B., Hornick, J. R., Sorscher, S., Picus, J., Suresh, R., Lockhart, A. C., Tan, B., & Hawkins, W. G. (2013). A phase I study of IMP321 and gemcitabine as the front-line therapy in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Investigational New Drugs, 31(3), 707–713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-012-9866-y
  • Wang, Y., Wang, M., Wu, H. X., & Xu, R. H. (2021). Advancing to the era of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Communications, 41(9), 803–829. London, England. https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12178
  • Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Mu, X., Tu, C. R., Chung, Y., Tsao, S. W., Chan, G. C., Leung, W. H., Lau, Y. L., Liu, Y., & Tu, W. (2022). Exosomes derived from γδ-T cells synergize with radiotherapy and preserve antitumor activities against nasopharyngeal carcinoma in immunosuppressive microenvironment. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 10(2), e003832. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-003832
  • Ward-Hartstonge, K. A., & Kemp, R. A. (2017). Regulatory T-cell heterogeneity and the cancer immune response. Clinical & translational immunology, 6(9), e154. https://doi.org/10.1038/cti.2017.43
  • Weber, J. S., Hodi, F. S., Wolchok, J. D., Topalian, S. L., Schadendorf, D., Larkin, J., Sznol, M., Long, G. V., Li, H., Waxman, I. M., Jiang, J., & Robert, C. (2017). Safety Profile of Nivolumab Monotherapy: A Pooled Analysis of Patients with Advanced Melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 35(7), 785–792. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.66.1389
  • Weidhaas, J., Marco, N., Scheffler, A. W., Kalbasi, A., Wilenius, K., Rietdorf, E., Gill, J., Heilig, M., Desler, C., Chin, R. K., Kaprealian, T., McCloskey, S., Raldow, A., Raja, N. P., Kesari, S., Carrillo, J., Drakaki, A., Scholz, M., & Telesca, D. (2022). Germline biomarkers predict toxicity to anti-PD1/PDL1 checkpoint therapy. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 10(2), e003625. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-003625
  • Weisberg, E., Parent, A., Yang, P. L., Sattler, M., Liu, Q., Liu, Q., Wang, J., Meng, C., Buhrlage, S. J., Gray, N., & Griffin, J. D. (2020). Repurposing of Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of COVID-19. Pharmaceutical Research, 37(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-020-02851-7
  • Weitzenfeld, P., & Ben-Baruch, A. (2014). The chemokine system, and its CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors, as potential targets for personalized therapy in cancer. Cancer letters, 352(1), 36–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.006
  • West, H. (2014). Nivolumab as first line monotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Could we replace first line chemotherapy with immunotherapy? Translational Lung Cancer Research, 3(6), 400–402. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2014.09.04
  • Wherry, E. J. (2011). T cell exhaustion. Nature Immunology, 12(6), 492–499. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2035
  • Wichers, H. (2009). Immunomodulation by food: Promising concept for mitigating allergic disease? Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 395(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2838-1
  • Wijaya, I., Andhika, R., Huang, I., Purwiga, A., Budiman, K. Y., Bashari, M. H., Reniarti, L., and Roesli, R. M. A. (2021). The use of Janus Kinase inhibitors in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 11, 100755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100755
  • World Health Organization (WHO) Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available at https://covid19.who.int/(Accessed on April. 2022)
  • Wu, D., Lewis, E. D., Pae, M., & Meydani, S. N. (2019). Nutritional Modulation of Immune Function: Analysis of Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Relevance. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, 3160. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.03160
  • Xie, G., Dong, H., Liang, Y., Ham, J. D., Rizwan, R., & Chen, J. (2020). CAR-NK cells: A promising cellular immunotherapy for cancer. EBioMedicine, 59, 102975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102975
  • Xu, K., Cai, H., Shen, Y., Ni, Q., Chen, Y., Hu, S., Li, J., Wang, H., Yu, L., Huang, H., Qiu, Y., Wei, G., Fang, Q., Zhou, J., Sheng, J., Liang, T., & Li, L. (2020). [Management of COVID-19: The Zhejiang experience]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 49(2), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.02.02
  • Yanai, S., Nakamura, S., & Matsumoto, T. (2017). Nivolumab-Induced Colitis Treated by Infliximab. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology : The Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 15(4), e80–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2016.09.017
  • Yang, Y. (2015). Cancer immunotherapy: Harnessing the immune system to battle cancer. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 125(9), 3335–3337. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI83871
  • Yang, Y. F., Zou, J. P., Mu, J., Wijesuriya, R., Ono, S., Walunas, T., Bluestone, J., Fujiwara, H., & Hamaoka, T. (1997). Enhanced induction of antitumor T-cell responses by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 blockade: The effect is manifested only at the restricted tumor-bearing stages. Cancer Research, 57(18), 4036–4041.
  • Yuliana, N. D., Arifin, A. S., & Rafi, M. (2020). Multiple spectroscopic fingerprinting platforms for rapid characterization of α-glucosidase inhibitors and antioxidants from some commonly consumed Indonesian vegetables and spices. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 14(3), 1699–1707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00418-z
  • Yumita, A., Suganda, A. G., & Sukandar, E. Y. (2013). Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of some Indonesian medicinal plants and active fraction of selected plants. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(2), 293–296. 2013. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272291788_Xanthine_oxidase_inhibitory_activity_of_some_Indonesian_medicinal_plants_and_active_fraction_of_selected_plants.
  • Zhai, Z., Liu, Y., Wu, L., Senchina, D. S., Wurtele, E. S., Murphy, P. A., Kohut, M. L., & Cunnick, J. E. (2007). Enhancement of innate and adaptive immune functions by multiple Echinacea species. Journal of Medicinal Food, 10(3), 423–434. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.257
  • Zhang, P., Gu, Y., Fang, H., Cao, Y., Wang, J., Liu, H., Zhang, H., Li, H., He, H., Li, R., Lin, C., & Xu, J. (2022). Intratumoral IL-1R1 expression delineates a distinctive molecular subset with therapeutic resistance in patients with gastric cancer. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 10(2), e004047. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-004047
  • Zhang, Q. W., Liu, L., Gong, C. Y., Shi, H. S., Zeng, Y. H., Wang, X. Z., Zhao, Y. W., & Wei, Y. Q. (2012). Prognostic significance of tumor-associated macrophages in solid tumor: A meta-analysis of the literature. PloS One, 7(12), e50946. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050946
  • Zhang, Y., Yu, L., Tang, L., Zhu, M., Jin, Y., Wang, Z., & Li, L. (2021). A Promising Anti-Cytokine-Storm Targeted Therapy for COVID-19: The Artificial-Liver Blood-Purification System. Engineering, 7(1), 11–13. Beijing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.006
  • Zhou, N., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Lu, J., Chen, E., Du, W., Wang, J., Pan, X., Zhu, D., Yang, Y., Chen, Y., Cao, H., & Li, L. (2015). Efficacy of coupled low-volume plasma exchange with plasma filtration adsorption in treating pigs with acute liver failure: A randomised study. Journal of Hepatology, 63(2), 378–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.03.018
  • Zugazagoitia, J., Guedes, C., Ponce, S., Ferrer, I., Molina-Pinelo, S., & Paz-Ares, L. (2016). Current Challenges in Cancer Treatment. Clinical Therapeutics, 38(7), 1551–1566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.03.026

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.