Publication Cover
International Journal of Advertising
The Review of Marketing Communications
Volume 39, 2020 - Issue 5
1,121
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Distracted mind: the effects of multitasking and mind wandering on consumer memory for ad content

, &
Pages 631-654 | Received 06 Jul 2018, Accepted 16 Sep 2019, Published online: 29 Sep 2019

References

  • Alwitt, L.F. 2000. Effects of interestingness on evaluations of TV commercials. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising 22, no. 1: 41–53.
  • Andrade, J. 2010. What does doodling do? Applied Cognitive Psychology 24, no. 1: 100–6.
  • Angell, R., M. Gorton, J. Sauer, P. Bottomley, and J. White. 2016. Don’t distract me when I’m media multitasking: toward a theory for raising advertising recall. Journal of Advertising 45, no. 2: 198–210.
  • Aptaris. 2017. New study spotlights trends in supermarket advertising and promotions. https://goaptaris.com/new-study-spotlights-advancements-supermarket-advertising-promotional-best-practices/ (accessed August 1, 2019).
  • Armstrong, G.B., and B.S. Greenberg. 1990. Background television as an inhibitor of cognitive processing. Human Communication Research 16, no. 3: 355–86.
  • Armstrong, G.B., G.A. Boiarsky, and M. Mares. 1991. Background television and reading performance. Communication Monographs 58, no. 3: 235–53.
  • Armstrong, G.B., and L. Chung. 2000. Background television and reading memory in context assessing tv interference and facilitative context effects on encoding versus retrieval processes. Communication Research 27, no. 3: 327–52.
  • Austin, E.W., B. Pinkleton, and Y. Fujioka. 1999. Assessing prosocial message effectiveness: Effects of message quality, production quality, and persuasiveness. Journal of Health Communication 4, no. 3: 195–210.
  • Baddeley, A. 1996. Working memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 49A, 5–28.
  • Beck, D.M., and S. Kastner. 2005. Stimulus context modulates competition in human extrastriate cortex. Nature Neuroscience 8, no. 8: 1110–6.
  • Benbunan-Fich, R., R.F. Adler, and T. Mavlanova. 2011. Measuring multitasking behavior with activity-based metrics. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 18, no. 2: 1–22.
  • Chinchanachokchai, S., B.R.L. Duff. 2013. Jack of all trades, master of…some? Multitasking in digital consumers. In The Routledge companion to digital consumption, ed. R. Belk and R. Llamas, 67–77. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Chinchanachokchai, S., B.R.L. Duff, and S. Sar. 2015. The effect of multitasking on time perception, enjoyment, and ad evaluation. Computers in Human Behavior 45, 185–91.
  • de Fockert, J.W., G. Rees, C.D. Frith, and N. Lavie. 2001. The role of working memory in visual selective attention. Science 291, no. 5509: 1803–6.
  • Duff, B.R.L., and R.J. Faber. 2011. Missing the mark. Journal of Advertising 40, no. 2: 51–62.
  • Duff, B.R.L., and S. Sar. 2015. Seeing the big picture: Multitasking and perceptual processing influences on ad recognition. Journal of Advertising 44, no. 3: 173–84.
  • Duff, B.R.L., and C.M. Segijn. 2019. Advertising in a media multitasking era: considerations and future directions. Journal of Advertising 48, no. 1: 27–37.
  • eMarketer. 2014. Traditional or digital ads? Millennials show mixed feelings. https://www.emarketer.com/Article/Traditional-Digital-Ads-Millennials-Show-Mixed-Feelings/1010747
  • Forster, S., and N. Lavie. 2009. Harnessing the wandering mind: the role of perceptual load. Cognition 111, no. 3: 345–55.
  • Furnham, A., and A. Bradley. 1997. Music while you work: The differential distraction of background music on the cognitive test performance of introverts and extraverts. Applied Cognitive Psychology 11, no. 5: 445–55.
  • Giambra, L.M., and A. Grodsky. 1989. Task-unrelated images and thoughts while reading. In Imagery: Current perspectives. ed. J. Shorr, P. Robin, J. A. Connella, and M. Wolpin, 26–31. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Greenwald, A.G., and C. Leavitt. 1984. Audience involvement in advertising: four levels. Journal of Consumer Research 11, no. 1: 581–92.
  • Hayes, A.F. 2013. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Handley, L. 2018. Global growth in ad spend on video-on-demand is outpacing traditional media. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/26/global-growth-in-ad-spend-on-video-on-demand-is-outpacing-other-media.html
  • Lang, A. 2000. The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of Communication 50, no. 1: 46–70.
  • Lang, A., and J. Chrzan. 2015. Media multitasking: good, bad, or ugly? Communication Yearbook 39, no. 1: 99–128.
  • Lavie, N. 1995. Perceptual load as a necessary condition for selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 21, 451–68.
  • Lavie, N., and J.W. de Fockert. 2005. The role of working memory in attentional capture. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 12, no. 4: 669–74.
  • Lavie, N., and Y. Tsal. 1994. Perceptual load as a major determinant of the locus of selection in visual attention. Perception & Psychophysics 56, no. 2: 183–97.
  • Lee, M., and R.J. Faber. 2007. Effects of product placement in on-line games on brand memory: A perspective of the limited-capacity model of attention. Journal of Advertising 36, no. 4: 75–90.
  • Mooneyham, B.W., and J.W. Schooler. 2013. The costs and benefits of mind-wandering: A review. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Expérimentale 67, no. 1: 11–8.
  • Murphy, J.H., I.C.M. Cunningham, and G. Wilcox. 1979. The impact of program environment on recall of humorous television commercials. Journal of Advertising Research 8, no. 2: 17–21.
  • Paas, F.G.W.C., and J.J.G. Van Merriënboer. 1994. Instructional control of cognitive load in the training of complex cognitive tasks. Educational Psychology Review 6, no. 4: 351–71.
  • Park, C.W., and S.M. Young. 1986. Consumer response to television commercials: the impact of involvement and background music on brand attitude formation. Journal of Marketing Research 23, no. 1: 11–24.
  • Pieters, R., and M. Wedel. 2004. Attention capture and transfer in advertising: Brand, pictorial, and text-size effects. Journal of Marketing 68, no. 2: 36–50.
  • Pratt, N., A. Willoughby, and D. Swick. 2011. Effects of working memory load on visual selective attention: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 5, 1–9.
  • Segijn, C.M., and M. Eisend. 2019. Meta-analysis into multiscreening and advertising effectiveness: Direct effects, moderators, and underlying mechanisms. Journal of Advertising 48, no. 3: 313–32.
  • Segijn, C.M., H.A.M. Voorveld, and E.G. Smit. 2016. The underlying mechanisms of multiscreening effects. Journal of Advertising 45, no. 4: 391–402.
  • Segijn, C.M., H.A.M. Voorveld, and E.G. Smit. 2017. How related multiscreening could positively affect advertising outcomes. Journal of Advertising 46, no. 4: 455–72.
  • Segijn, C.M., H.A.M. Voorveld, L. Vandeberg, S.F. Pennekamp, and E.G. Smit. 2017. Insight into everyday media use with multiple screens. International Journal of Advertising 36, no. 5: 779–97.
  • Shaoolian, G. 2019. Your customers are using multiple devices. you should be, too, with omni-channel marketing. https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/325218 (accessed August 1, 2019).
  • Smallwood, J., and J.W. Schooler. 2006. The restless mind. Psychological Bulletin 132, no. 6: 946–58.
  • Smallwood, J., R.C. O'Connor, M.V. Sudbery, and M. Obonsawin. 2007. Mind-wandering and dysphoria. Cognition & Emotion 21, no. 4: 816–42.
  • Smallwood, J., M. Obonsawin, and H. Reid. 2003. The effects of block duration and task demands on the experience of task-unrelated-thought. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 22, no. 1: 13–31.
  • Smallwood, J., M. Obsonsawin, S.F. Baracaia, H. Reid, R. O'Connor, and D. Heim. 2003. The relationship between rumination, dysphoria, and self-referent thinking: Some preliminary findings. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 22, no. 4: 317–42.
  • Smit, E.G., C.M. Segijn, W. van de Giessen, V.M. Wottrich, L. Vandeberg, and H.A.M. Voorveld. 2017. Media multitasking and the role of task relevance in background advertising processing. In Advances in advertising research VIII, ed. V. Zabkar and M. Eisend, 197–212. Wiesbaden, European Advertising Academy. Springer Gabler.
  • Speck, P.S., and M.T. Elliott. 1997. Predictors of advertising avoidance in print and broadcast media. Journal of Advertising 26, no. 3: 61–76.
  • Spielmann, N. 2014. How funny was that? Uncovering humor mechanisms. European Journal of Marketing 48, no. 9/10: 1892–910.
  • Srivastava, J. 2013. Media multitasking performance: Role of message relevance and formatting cues in online environments. Computers in Human Behavior 29, no. 3: 888–95.
  • Srull, T.K., and R.S. Wyer. 1989. Person memory and judgment. Psychological Review 96, no. 1: 58–83.
  • The Retail Feedback Group. 2015. U.S. Supermarket Experience 2015. https://www.emarketer.com/Article/Checking-Circulars-No-1-Digital-Grocery-Shopping-Activity/1013253 (access August 1, 2019).
  • Torralbo, A., and D.M. Beck. 2008. Perceptual load-induced selection as a result of local competitive interactions in visual cortex. Psychological Science 19, no. 10: 1045–50.
  • Wang, Z., P. David, J. Srivastava, S. Powers, C. Brady, J. D’Angelo, and J. Moreland. 2012. Behavioral performance and visual attention in communication multitasking: A comparison between instant messaging and online voice chat. Computers in Human Behavior 28, no. 3: 968–75.
  • Wang, Z., and J.M. Tchernev. 2012. The ‘‘myth’’ of media multitasking: Reciprocal dynamics of media multitasking, personal needs, and gratifications. Journal of Communication 62, no. 3: 493–513.
  • Wells, W.D. 1988. Lectures and dramas. In Cognitive and affective responses to advertising. ed. P. Cafferata and A. Tybout, Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.
  • Wilson, R.T., and J. Casper. 2016. The role of location and visual saliency in capturing attention to outdoor advertising. Journal of Advertising Research 56, no. 3: 259–73.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.