Mycotoxins in infant cereal foods from the Canadian retail market

References

• BERETTA , B. , DE DOMINICO , R. , GAIASCHI , A. , BALLABIO , C. , GALLI , C. L. , GIGLIOTTI , C. and RESTANI , P. 2002 . Ochratoxin A in cereal-based baby foods: occurrence and safety evaluation . Food Additives and Contaminants , 19 : 70 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BONDY , G. S. and PESTKA , J. J. 2000 . Immunomodulation by fungal toxins . Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B , 3 : 109 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BREITHOLTZ-EMANUELSSON , A. , OLSEN , M. , OSKARSSON , A. , PALMINGER , I. and HULT , K. 1993 . Ochratoxin A in cow's milk and in human milk with corresponding human blood samples . Journal of AOAC International , 76 : 842 – 846 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRERA , C. , MIRAGLIA , M. , AMBRUZZI , M. A. , CALFAPIETRA , F. R. , PAZZAGLINI , B. , GROSSI , S. and YAZDANPANAH , H. 2001 . “ Ochratoxin A in human milk: exposure assessment of babies ” . In Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins in Perspective at the Turn of the Millennium , Edited by: de Koe , W. J. , Samson , R. A. , van Egmond , H. P. , Gilbert , J. and Sabino , M. 201 – 207 . Wageningen : W. J. de Koe .
   Google Scholar
• CZERWIECKI , L. and GIRYN , H. 1994 . Occurrence of trichothecenes in selected Polish cereal and rice food products . Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences , 3 : 111 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• FAJARDO , J. E. , DEXTER , J. E. , ROSCOE , M. M. and NOWICKI , T. W. 1995 . Retention of ergot alkaloids in wheat during processing . Cereal Chemistry , 72 : 291 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FLIEGER , M. , WURST , M. and SHELBY , R. 1997 . Ergot alkaloids — sources, structures and analytical methods . Folia Microbiologica , 42 : 3 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GALVANO , F. , GALOFARO , V. , DE ANGELIS , A. , GALVANO , M. , BOGNANNO , M. and GALVANO , G. 1998 . Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Italy . Journal of Food Protection , 61 : 738 – 741 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GALVANO , F. , GALOFARO , V. and GALVANO , G. 1996 . Occurrence and stability of aflatoxinM1 in milk and milk products: a worldwide review . Journal of Food Protection , 59 : 1079 – 1080 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HENNINGEN , M. R. , SANCHEZ , S. , DI BENEDETTO , N. M. , LONGHI , A. , TORROBA , J. E. and VALENTE SOARES , L. M. 2000 . Fumonisin levels in commercial corn products in Buenos Aires, Argentina . Food Additives and Contaminants , 17 : 55 – 58 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HOWARD , P. C. , EPPLEY , R. M. , STACK , M. E. , WARBRITTON , A. , VOSS , K. A. , LORENTZEN , R. J. , KOVACH , R. M. and BUCCI , T. J. 2001 . Fumonisin B1 carcinogenicity in a two-year feeding study using F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice . Environmental Health Perspectives , 109 : 277 – 282 . Suppl. 2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISOHATA , E. , TOYODA , M. and SAITO , Y. 1986a . Studies of chemical analysis of mycotoxin (XIV). Analytical results on zearalenone in baby foods . Eisei Shikensho Hokoku , 104 : 142 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• ISOHATA , E. , TOYODA , M. and SAITO , Y. 1986b . Studies of chemical analysis of mycotoxin (XV). Analysis of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol in imported cereals, baby foods and processed foods (confectioneries) . Eisei Shikensho Hokoku , 104 : 113 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• JECFA . 2000 . Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants , WHO Food Additives Series 44
   Google Scholar
• JECFA . 2001 . Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants , WHO Food Additives Series 47 fumonisins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, HT-2 toxin
   Google Scholar
• KRISHNAMURTHY , T. , WASSERMAN , M. B. and SARVER , E. W. 1986 . Mass spectralinvestigat ions on trichothecene mycotoxins I. Application of negative ion chemical ionization techniques for the simultaneous and accurate analysis of simple trichothecenes in picogram levels . Journal of Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spectrometry , 13 : 503 – 518 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LAWRIE , C. A. 1998 . Different dietary patterns in relation to age and the consequences for intake of food chemicals . Food Additives and Contaminants , 15 : 75 – 81 . Suppl
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LUKACS , Z. , SCHAPER , S. , HERDERICH , M. , SCHREIER , P. and HUMPF , H.-U. 1996 . Identification and determination of fumonisin FB1 and FB2 in corn and corn products by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS) . Chromatographia , 43 : 124 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MACHINSKI , M. Jr. and VALENTE SOARES , L. M. 2000 . Fumonisins B1 and B2 in Brazilian corn-based food products . Food Additives and Contaminants , 17 : 875 – 879 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MILLER , J. D. and TRENHOLM , H. L. , eds. 1994 . Mycotoxins in Grain: Compounds Other Than Aflatoxin , St Paul : Eagan .
   Google Scholar
• NEISHEM , S. , STACK , M. E. , TRUCKSESS , M. W. , EPPLEY , R. M. and KROGH , P. 1992 . Rapid solvent-efficient method for the liquid chromatographic determination of ochratoxin A in corn, barley, and kidney: collaborative study . Journal of the AOAC International , 75 : 481 – 487 .
   Google Scholar
• PERAICA , M. , RADI , B. , LUCI , A. and PAVLOVI , M. 1999 . Toxic effects of mycotoxins in humans . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 77 : 754 – 766 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PETZINGER , E. and ZIEGLER , K. 2000 . Ochratoxin A from a toxicological perspective . Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 23 : 91 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PITTET , A. 2001 . “ Naturaloccurrenc e of mycotoxins in foods and feeds: a decade in review ” . In Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins in Perspective at the Turn of the Millennium , Edited by: de Koe , W. J. , Samson , R. A. , van Egmond , H. P. , Gilbert , J. and Sabino , M. 153 – 172 . Wageningen : W. J. de Koe .
   Google Scholar
• ROTTER , B. A. , PRELUSKY , D. B. and PESTKA , J. J. 1996 . Toxicology of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) . Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health , 48 : 1 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAUBOIS , A. and BELTRAMINO , J. C. 1995 . Occurrence of vomitoxin and other mycotoxins in children foods . Microbiologie-Aliments- Nutrition , 13 : 303 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• SCHOLLENBERGER , M. , SUCHY , S. , JARA , H. T. , DROCHNER , W. and MÜLLER , H.-M. 1999 . A survey of Fusarium toxins in cerealbased foods marketed in an area of southwest Germany . Mycopathologia , 147 : 49 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCOTT , P. M. 1991 . “ Possibilities of reduction or elimination of mycotoxins present in cerealgrains ” . In Cereal Grain: Mycotoxins, Fungi and Quality in Drying and Storage , Edited by: Chekowski , J. 529 – 572 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• SCOTT , P. M. 1994 . “ Penicillium and Aspergillus toxins ” . In Mycotoxins in Grain: Compounds Other Than Aflatoxin , Edited by: Miller , J. D. and Trenholm , H. L. 261 – 285 . St Paul : Eagan .
   Google Scholar
• SCOTT , P. M. , KANHERE , S. R. and TARTER , E. J. 1986 . Determination of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol in cereals by electron-capture gas chromatography . Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists , 69 : 889 – 893 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SCOTT , P. M. and LAWRENCE , G. A. 1992 . Liquid chromatographic determination of fumonisins with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofuran . Journal of AOAC International , 75 : 829 – 834 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCOTT , P. M. , LAWRENCE , G. A. and LOMBAERT , G. A. 1999 . Studies on extraction of fumonisins from rice, corn-based foods and beans . Mycotoxin Research , 15 : 50 – 60 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SCOTT , P. M. , LOMBAERT , G. A. , PELLAERS , P. , BACLER , S. and LAPPI , J. 1992 . Ergot alkaloids in grain foods sold in Canada . Journal of AOAC International , 75 : 773 – 779 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHEPHARD , G. S. , SYDENHAM , E. W. , THIEL , P. G. and GELDERBLOM , C. A. 1990 . Quantitative determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection . Journal of Liquid Chromatography , 13 : 2077 – 2087 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SKAUG , M. A. , HELLAND , I. , SOLVOLL , K. and SAUGSTAD , O. D. 2001 . Presence of ochratoxin A in human milk in relation to dietary intake . Food Additives and Contaminants , 18 : 321 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STEYN , P. S. and STANDER , M. A. 1999 . Mycotoxins as causalfactors of diseases in humans . Journal of Toxicology — Toxin Reviews , 18 : 229 – 342 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STROKA , J. , ANKLAM , E. , JOERISSEN , U. and GILBERT , J. 2001 . Determination of aflatoxin B1 in baby food (infant formula) by immunoaffinity column cleanup liquid chromatography with post column bromination: collaborative study . Journal of AOAC International , 84 : 1116 – 1123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THELLMANN , A. and WEBER , W. 1997 . Bestimmung von Ochratoxin A in Getreide, Malz und Bier nach Anreicherung und Separation an Immunaffinitätssäulen und anschließen der Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie mit Fluoreszenzdetektion . Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau , 93 : 1 – 3 .
   Google Scholar
• THIELERT , G. and REUSCH , C. 1998 . Untersuchung von Lebensmitteln auf Fumonisine . Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau , 94 : 1653 – 1659 .
   Google Scholar
• TRYPHONAS , H. , BONDY , G. , MILLER , J. D. , LACROIX , F. , HODGEN , M. , MCGUIRE , P. , FERNIE , S. , MILLER , D. and HAYWARD , S. 1997 . Effects of fumonisin B1 on the immune system of Sprague- Dawley rats following a 14-day oral (gavage) exposure . Fundamental and Applied Toxicology , 39 : 53 – 59 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• USLEBER , E. and MÄRTLBAUER , E. 1998 . “ Occurrence of fumonisins in foods in Germany ” . In Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins — Developments in Chemistry, Toxicology and Food Safety , Edited by: Miraglia , M. , van Egmond , H. , Brera , C. and Gilbert , J. 81 – 86 . Fort Collins : Alaken .
   Google Scholar
• VISCONTI , A. and PASCALE , M. 1998 . Determination of zearalenone in corn by means of immunoaffinity clean-up and hplc with fluorescence detection . Journal of Chromatography A , 815 : 133 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WARE , G. M. , UMRIGAR , P. P. , CARMEN , A. S. and KUAN , S. S. 1994 . Evaluation of Fumonitest immunoaffinity columns . Analytical Letters , 27 : 693 – 715 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WARNER , R. L. and PESTKA , J. J. 1987 . ELISA survey of retailgrainbased food products for zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 . Journal of Food Protection , 50 : 502 – 503 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOLFF , J. 2000 . Ochratoxin A in cereals and cereal products . Archiv für Lebensmittelhygiene , 51 : 85 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar