230
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Assessment of average exposure to organochlorine pesticides in southern Togo from water, maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

, , &
Pages 348-354 | Received 01 Oct 2008, Accepted 03 Oct 2008, Published online: 18 Mar 2009

References

  • Adeyeye , A and Osibanjo , O . 1999 . Residues of organochlorine pesticides in fruits, vegetables and tubers from Nigerian markets . Sci Total Environ , 231 : 227 – 233 .
  • Adou , K , Bontoyan , WR and Sweeney , PJ . 2001 . Multiresidue method for the analysis of pesticides residues in fruits and vegetables by accelerated solvent extraction and capillary gas chromatography . J Agricult Food Chem , 49 : 4153 – 4160 .
  • Åkerblom , M . 1995 . Environmental monitoring of pesticide residues. Guidelines for the SADC Region. SADC ELMS monitoring techniques series , Vol. 3 , Lesotho : Maseru .
  • Awofolu , RO and Fatoki , OS . 2003 . Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in freshwater systems and sediments from the Eastern Cape, South Africa . Water SA , 29 : 323 – 330 . Available from http://www.wrc.org.za/
  • Badach , H , Nazimek , T , Kaminski , R and Turski , W . 2000 . Organochlorine pesticides concentration in the drinking water from regions of extensive agriculture in Poland . Ann Agricult Environ Med , 7 : 25 – 28 .
  • Badach , H , Nazimek , T , Kaminski , R and Turski , W . 2000 . Organochlorine pesticides concentration in the drinking water from regions of extensive agriculture in Poland . Ann Agricult Environ Med , 7 : 25 – 28 .
  • Barkatina , EN , Pertsovsky , AL , Murokh , VI , Kolomiets , ND , Shulyakovskaya , OV , Venger , ON and Makarevich , VI . 1999 . Organochlorine pesticide residues in basic food products and diets in the Republic of Belarus . Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. , 63 : 235 – 242 .
  • Bernhoft , A , Wiig , O and Skaare , JU . 1997 . Organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard . Environ Poll , 95 : 159 – 175 .
  • Borga , K , Gabrielsen , GW and Skaare , JU . 2001 . Biomagnification of organochlorines along a Barents Sea food chain . Environ Poll , 113 : 187 – 198 .
  • Chandra , R , Prasad , S , Srivastava , S and Siddiqui , MKJ . 2001 . Acute interactive effects of lindane and dimethoate on cerebral and peripheral tissues in rats . Toxicol Environ Chem , 82 : 23 – 31 .
  • Chun , OK and Kang , HG . 2003 . Estimation of risks of pesticide exposure, by food intake, to Koreans . Food Chem Toxicol , 41 : 1063 – 1076 .
  • Cissé , I , Tandia , AA , Fall , ST and Diop , E-HS . 2003 . Usage incontrôlé des pesticides en agriculture périurbaine: cas zone des Niayes au Sénégal . Cahiers Etudes Recherches Francophones Agricultures , 12 : 181 – 186 .
  • Dagher , SM , Talhouk , RS , Nasrallah , SS , Tannous , RI and Mroueh , SM . 1999 . Relationship of dietary intake to DDE residues in breast milk of nursing mothers in Beirut . Food Addit Contam , 16 : 307 – 312 .
  • Djaneyé-Boundjou , G , Bawa , LM and Boukari , Y . 2000 . Organochlorinated pesticide residues in vegetable food . Microbiologie Hygiène Alimentaire , 12 : 42 – 46 .
  • European Union . 1998 . Directive on the quality of water intended for human consumption, 98/83/EC , Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities .
  • Fisk , AT , Hobson , KA and Norstrom , RJ . 2001 . Influence of chemical and biological factors on trophic transfer of persistent organic pollutants in the northwater polynya marine food web . Environ Sci Tech , 35 : 732 – 738 .
  • Fismes , J , Perrin-Ganier , C , Empereur-Bissonnet , P and Morel , JL . 2002 . Soil-to-root transfer and translocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by vegetables grown on industrial contaminated soils . J Environ Qual , 31 : 1649 – 1656 .
  • Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) . 1998 . “ Pesticide residues in food, maximum residue limits ” . In Codex Alimentarius , 2nd , Vol. 2B , Rome : FAO/WHO .
  • Fry , DM . 1995 . Reproductive effects in birds exposed to pesticides and industrial chemicals . Environ Hlth Perspect , 103 ( Suppl. 7 ) : 165 – 171 .
  • Gan , J , Papiernik , SK , Koskinen , WC and Yates , SR . 1999 . Evaluation of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) for analysis of pesticide residues in soil . Environ Sci Tech , 33 : 3245 – 3253 .
  • Gevao , B , Semple , KT and Jones , KC . 2000 . Bound pesticide residues in soils: a review . Environ Poll , 108 : 3 – 14 .
  • Harris , CA , Renfrew , MJ and Woolridge , MW . 2001 . Assessing the risks of pesticide residues to consumers: recent and future developments . Food Addit Contam , 18 : 1124 – 1129 .
  • Hatrik , S and Tekel , J . 1996 . Extraction methodology and chromatography for the determination of residual pesticides in water . J Chromatograph. A , 733 : 217 – 233 .
  • Herrera , A , Arino , A , Conchello , P , Lazarro , R , Bayarri , S , Perez-Arquillue , C , Garrido , MD , Jodral , M and Pozo , R . 1996 . Estimates of mean daily intakes of persistent organochlorine pesticides from Spanish fatty food stuffs . Bull Environ Contamin Toxicol , 56 : 173 – 177 .
  • Howard , G and Bartram , J . 2003 . Domestic water quantity, service, level and health. WHO/SDE/WSH/03.02 , Geneva , (Switzerland) : World Health Organization .
  • Kishimba , MA , Henry , L , Mwevura , H , Mmochi , AJ , Mihale , M and Hellar , H . 2004 . The status of pesticide pollution in Tanzania . Talanta , 64 : 48 – 53 .
  • Kolani , EG , Baba , G , Nenonene , AY and Amouzou , E . 2003 . Rapport d’inventaire national préliminaire des quantités de pesticides POPs au Togo .
  • Megharaj , M , Jovcic , A , Boul , HL and Thiele , JH . 1997 . Recalcitrance of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) to cometabolic degradation by pure cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria . Archiv Environ Contamin Toxicol , 33 : 141 – 146 .
  • Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche France (MAPF) . 2002 . Référentiel des Limites Maximales applicables aux résidus de pesticides dans ou sur les produits d’origine végétale en France , Available from: http://e-phy.agriculture.gouv.fr/
  • Montain , SJ , Latzka , WA and Sawka , MN . 1995 . Control of thermoregulatory sweating is altered by hydration level and exercise intensity . J Appl Physiol , 79 : 1434 – 1439 .
  • Müller , JF , Duquesne , S , Ng , J , Shaw , GR , Krrishnamohan , K , Manonmanii , K , Hodge , M and Eaglesham , GK . 2000 . Pesticides in sediments from Queensland irrigation channels and drains . Mar Poll Bull , 41 : 294 – 301 .
  • Nakagawa , R , Nirakava , H and Hori , T . 1995 . Estimation of 1992–1993 dietary intake of organochlorine and organophosphoros pesticides in Fukuoka Japan . J AOAC Int , 78 : 921 – 929 .
  • Ntow , WJ . 2005 . Pesticide residues in Volta Lake, Ghana . Lake Reservoir: Res Manage , 10 : 243 – 248 .
  • Oloude , O , Houmey , NV , Koussougbo , MK and Samlaba , EY . 1995 . Rapport provisoire de recherche sur l’utilisation des pesticides modernes et naturels en milieu paysan au Togo . INADES-Formation Lomé/Togo ,
  • Piao , XY , Wang , XJ , Tao , S , Shen , WR , Qin , BP and Sun , R . 2004 . Vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides in farming soils in Tianjin area . Res Environ Sci , 17 : 26 – 29 . [in Chinese]
  • Picard , A , Palavan , G , Robert , S , Pesando , D and Ciapa , B . 2003 . Effect of organochlorine pesticides on maturation of starfish and mouse oocytes . Toxicol Sci , 73 : 141 – 148 .
  • Programme des Nations Unies pour l’Environnement (PNUE) . Convention de Stockholm sur les polluants organiques persistants (POPs) . Texte Annexes October ,
  • Romieu , I , Hernandez-Avila , M , Lazcano-Ponce , E , Weber , J and Dewailly , E . 2000 . Breast cancer, lactation history, and serum organochlorines . Am J Epidemiol , 152 : 363 – 370 .
  • Ruus , A , Ugland , KI , Espeland , O and Skaare , JU . 1999 . Organochlorine contaminants in a local marine food chain from Jarfjord, Northern Norway . Mar Environ Res , 48 : 131 – 146 .
  • Sawaya , WN , Al-Awadhi , FA , Saeed , T , Al-Omair , A , Ahmad , N , Husain , A , Khalafawi , S , Al-Zenki , S , Al-Amiri , H , Al-Otaibi , J and Al-Saqer , J . 1999 . Dietary intake of pesticides: State of Kuwait total diet study . Food Addit Contam , 16 : 473 – 480 .
  • Schroll , R , Bierling , B , Cao , G , Dörfler , U , Lahaniati , M , Langenbach , T , Scheunert , I and Winkler , R . 1994 . Uptake pathways of organic chemicals from soil by agricultural plants . Chemosphere , 28 : 297 – 303 .
  • Senthilkumar , K , Kannan , K , Sinha , RK , Tanabe , S and Giesy , JP . 1999 . Bioaccumulation profiles of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and organochlorine pesticides in Ganges river dolphins . Environ Toxicol Chem , 18 : 1511 – 1520 .
  • Sofina , LI , Kolycheva , SS , Zorya , NYu and Aronchik , AA . 1991 . Studying contamination by pesticides of food-stuffs in regions of Krasnodar territory . The problems of nourishment , 4 : 36 – 37 .
  • World Health Organization (WHO) . 1997 . Guidelines for predicting dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised) prepared by the Global Environment Monitoring System-Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme (GEMS/Food) in collaboration with the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues; [cited 2006 Jul 6] , Available from: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications
  • World Health Organization (WHO) . 1998 . Guidelines for drinking water quality. , 2nd ed. , Addendum to Vol. 2. Health criteria and other supporting information 201 – 208 . Geneva , , Switzerland : World Health Organization .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.