Probabilistic assessment of the cumulative dietary acute exposure of the population of Denmark to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides

References

• Andersen , NL , Christensen , T , Groth , MG , Fagt , S , Biltoft-Jensen , A , Hartkopp , H , Hinsh , H-J , Matthiessen , J , Moeller , A Saxholt , E . 2005 . The Danes’ dietary habits 2000–2002. Main results , Søborg : Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research . [in Danish, English summary]
   Google Scholar
• Boon , PE , Tjoe Nij , EIM , Donkersgoed , G and Klaveren , JD . 2004. (2004.005) . Probabilistic intake calculations performed for the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. Wageningen: RIKILT – Institute of Food Safety . Available from: http://www.rikilt.wur.nl/
   Google Scholar
• Boon , PE , Van der Voet , H , Van Raaij , MT and Van Klaveren , JD . 2008 . Cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in the Dutch diet . Food Chem Toxicol , 46(9) : 3090 – 3098 .
   Google Scholar
• Boon , P and Van Klaveren , J . 2003 . Cumulative exposure to acetylcholinesterase inhibiting compounds in the Dutch population and young children. 2003.003. Wageningen: RIKILT – Institute of Food Safety . Available from: http://www.rikilt.wur.nl/
   Google Scholar
• Caldas , ED , Boon , PE and Tressou , J . 2006 . Probabilistic assessment of the cumulative acute exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in the Brazilian diet . Toxicology , 222 : 132 – 142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Boer , WJ and Van Voet , H . 2007 . MCRA, release 6.A web-based program for Monte Carlo risk assessment , Wageningen : Biometris and RIKILT – Institute of Food Safety, and Bilthoven: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) .
   Google Scholar
• European Union. 2008. Status of active substances under EU review. Doc. 3010. Brussels: European Commission. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/evaluation/stat_active_subs_3010_en.xls/
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2005. Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005. Brussels: European Commission. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/pesticides/regulation_ec_396_2005_
   Google Scholar
• European Community. 1991. Council Directive 91/414/EEC of 15 July 1991 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market. Official Journal L 230, 19.08.1991, p. 1
   Google Scholar
• European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) . 2007 . Opinion of the Scientific Panel on plant protection products and their residues on acute dietary intake assessment of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables . EFSA J , 538 : 1 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) . 2008 . Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant and their residues (PPR Panel) on a request from EFSA to evaluate the suitability of exciting methodologies and, if appropriate, the identification of new approaches to assess the cumulative and synergistic risks from pesticides to human health with a view to set MRLs for those pesticides in the frame of Regulation (EC) 396/2005 . EFSA J , 704 : 1 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) . 1997 . Food consumption and exposure assessment of chemicals , WHO/FSF/FOS/97.5 Geneva : World Health Organization (WHO) .
   Google Scholar
• Jensen , AF , Petersen , A and Granby , K . 2003 . Cumulative risk assessment of the intake of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in the Danish diet . Food Addit Contam , 20 : 776 – 785 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manly , BFJ . 1998 . Randomization, bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods in biology , London : Chapman & Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Poulsen , ME , Andersen , JH , Petersen , A and Hartlcopp , H . 2004 . Pesticide Food Monitoring Program 1998–2003 , Report concerning Directives 90/642/EEC, 86/362/EEC and Commission Recommendation 96/882/EC. Copenhagen : Danish Veterinary and Food Administration .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2000. Choosing a percentile of acute dietary exposure as a threshold of regulatory concern. Report Number 6046. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/trac/science/trac2b054.pdf/
   Google Scholar
• U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2001. Organophosphate pesticides: preliminary OP cumulative risk assessment Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Available from: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative/pra-op/index.htm/
   Google Scholar
• Van Raaij , MTM , Ossendorp , BO , Slob , W and Pieters , MN . 2005 . Cumulative exposure to cholinesterase inhibiting compounds: a review of the current issues and implications for policy (320508001/2005) . Bilthoven: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Available from: http://www.rivm.nl/
   Google Scholar
• Vose , D . 2000 . Risk analysis: a quantitative guide , 2nd , Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , CF , Christoph , GR , Julien , E , Kelley , JM , Kronenberg , J , McCarthy , J and Reiss , R . 2000 . Assessing the risks of exposures to multiple chemicals with a common mechanism of toxicity: how to cumulate? . Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , 31 : 30 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar