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Original Articles

Cultures and Contexts of Adult Learning: The Case of Women and Science

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Pages 119-132 | Published online: 01 Jun 2016

Notes and References

  • In total we interviewed forty women who were a subset of women drawn from a range of adult education and self-help groups in the community in and around Coventry. The larger group was approached to complete an open-ended questionnaire which was filled out by over a hundred women. The subset was drawn as volunteers from a selection of the groups. Group interviews were also held. Some of the courses and groups had a scientific theme (Introducing Science; Ecology); others had no obvious relationship to science (Literary and Cultural Studies). We chose not to identify individuals or courses and therefore coded each quotation.
  • It has been argued that a critical pedagogy should direct its attention to ignorance. Ignorance is not lack of knowledge—an empty space waiting to be filled or a misconception needing to be corrected—it is resistance to knowledge. And its investigation can create a new condition for knowledge (see Felman, 1982; Pagano, 1991).
  • A similar dearth of resources has characterised scholarship in feminism and science on this side of the Atlantic, by contrast to the situation in the US (see Rose, 1994: 64–65).
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  • Brighton Women and Science Group (1980). Alice Through the Microscope: the Power of Science over Women's Lives, Virago
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  • Edwards, R. (1991). ‘The politics of meeting learner needs’, Studies in the Education of Adults, 23, pp 85–97
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  • Felman, S. (1982). ‘Psychoanalysis and education: teaching terminable and interminable,’ in Johnson, B. (ed), The Pedagogical Imperative: Teaching as a Literary Genre, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
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  • Haraway, D. (1991). ‘The contest for primate nature: daughters of man-the-hunter in the field, 1960–80; in Haraway, D., Simians, Cyborgs and Women, Free Association Books, pp 81–108
  • Harding, S. (1991). Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?, Milton Keynes: Open University Press
  • Harding, S. (1992). ‘How the Women's Movement benefits science’, in G. Kirkup and L. Smith Keller (eds), Inventing Women, Polity and Open University Press
  • Harding, S. (ed). (1993) The ‘Racial’ Economy of Science, Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press
  • Hart, M. (1992). Working and Education for Life, Routledge
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  • Johnson, R. (1988). ‘Really Useful Knowledge, 1790–1850’, in T. Lovett (ed), Radical Approaches to Adult Education, Routledge, pp 3–34
  • Keddie, N. (1981). ‘Adult education—a women's service’ (unpublished paper)
  • Kelly, A. (ed). (1981). The Missing Half: Girls and Science Education, Manchester University Press
  • Kelly, A. (1988). ‘Towards a democratic science education’, in H. Lauder and P. Brown (eds), Education in Search of a Future, Falmer Press
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  • Lusted, D. (1986) ‘Why pedagogy?’, Screen, 27, pp 2–14
  • McGivney, V. (1993). Women. Education and Training, Leicester: NIACE
  • Miller and Driver, (1987). ‘Beyond processes’, Studies in Science Education 14, pp 33–62
  • Nelson, L. H. (1990). Who Knows: From Quine to Feminist Empiricism, Temple University Press
  • Nelson, L. H. (1993). ‘Episcemological communities’, in L. Alcoff and E. Potter (eds), Feminist Epistemologies, Routledge, pp 121–159
  • Osborne, M. (1988). ‘Access courses in mathematics, science and technology: selected case studies’, Journal of Access Studies, 3, pp 48–63
  • Osborne, M. and Woodrow, M. (1989). Access to Mathematics, Science and Technology, Further Education Unit
  • Pagano, J. A. (1991). ‘Moral fictions: the dilemma of theory and practice’, in C. Witherell and N. Noddings (eds), Stories Lives Tell, New York and London: Teachers' College Press
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  • Rich, A. (1979). On Lies, Secrets and Silences: Selected Prose 1966–78, New York: Norton
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  • Thompson, J. L. (1993). ‘Learning liberation and maturity—an open letter to whoever's left’, Adults Learning 4, p 244
  • Wynne, B. (1992). ‘Misunderstood misunderstanding: Social identity and the public uptake of science’, Public Understanding of Science 1, pp 281–304

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