The duty to disclose in Kenyan health facilities: a qualitative investigation of HIV disclosure in everyday practice

References

• Arthur , G. , Nduba , V. , Forsythe , S. , Mutemi , R. , Odhiambo , J. and Gilks , C. 2007 . Behaviour change in clients of health centre-based voluntary HIV counselling and testing services in Kenya . Sexual Transmitted Infections , 83 ( 7 ) : 541 – 546 . (doi:10.1136/sti.2007.026732)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra , P. S. , Deepthivarma , S. and Manjula , V. 2003 . Disclosure of HIV infection in South India: patterns, reasons and reactions . Aids Care , 15 ( 2 ) : 207 – 215 . (doi:10.1080/0954012031000068353)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Cock , K. M. , Bunnell , R. and Mermin , J. 2006 . Unfinished business – expanding HIV testing in developing countries . New England Journal of Medicine , 354 ( 5 ) : 440 – 441 . (doi:10.1056/NEJMp058327)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diero , L. O. , Shaffer , D. , Kimaiyo , S. , Siika , A. M. , Rotich , J. K. Smith , F. E. 2006 . Characteristics of HIV infected patients cared for at ‘Academic model for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS’ clinics in Western Kenya . East African Medical Journal , 83 ( 8 ) : 424 – 433 . (doi:10.4314/eamj.v83i8.9456)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greeff , M. , Phetlhu , R. , Makoae , L. N. , Dlamini , P. S. , Holzemer , W. L. Naidoo , J. R. 2008 . Disclosure of HIV status: experiences and perceptions of persons living with HIV/AIDS and nurses involved in their care in Africa . Qualitative Health Research , 18 ( 3 ) : 311 – 324 . (doi:10.1177/1049732307311118)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) & ICF Macro . 2010 . Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008–09 , Calverton , MD : KNBS and ICF Macro .
   Google Scholar
• Lugalla , J. L. P. , Madihi , C. M. , Sigalla , H. L. , Mrutu , N. E. and Yoder , P. S. 2008 . Social Context of Disclosing HIV Test Results: HIV Testing in Tanzania , Dar es Salaam : Centre for Strategic Research and Development . and Calverton, MD, Macro International Inc
   Google Scholar
• Maman , S. , Mbwambo , J. K. , Hogan , N. M. , Weiss , E. , Kilonzo , G. P. and Sweat , M. D. 2003 . High rates and positive outcomes of HIV-serostatus disclosure to sexual partners: reasons for cautious optimism from a voluntary counselling and testing clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania . AIDS and Behaviour , 7 ( 4 ) : 373 – 382 . (doi:10.1023/B:AIBE.0000004729.89102.d4)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masiye , F. and Ssekubugu , R. 2008 . Routine third party disclosure of HIV results to identifiable sexual partners in sub-Saharan Africa . Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics , 29 : 341 – 348 . (doi:10.1007/s11017-008-9085-x)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medley , A. , Garcia-Moreno , C. , McGill , S. and Maman , S. 2004 . Rates, barriers and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure among women in developing countries: implications for prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 82 ( 4 ) : 299 – 307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , A. N. and Rubin , D. L. 2007a . Factors leading to self-disclosure of a positive HIV diagnosis in Nairobi, Kenya: people living with HIV/AIDS in the sub-Sahara . Qualitative Health Research , 17 ( 5 ) : 586 – 598 . (doi:10.1177/1049732307301498)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , A. N. and Rubin , D. L. 2007b . Motivations and methods for self-disclosure of HIV seropositivity in Nairobi, Kenya . AIDS Behaviour , 11 ( 5 ) : 687 – 697 . (doi:10.1007/s10461-006-9198-z)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National AIDS Control Council, Office of the President, Kenya . 2008 . UNGASS 2008 Country Report for Kenya , Nairobi : NACC .
   Google Scholar
• Norman , A. , Chopra , M. and Kadiyala , S. 2007 . Factors related to HIV disclosure in 2 South African communities . American Journal of Public Health , 97 : 1775 – 1781 . (doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.082511)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shacham , E. , Reece , M. , Ong'or , W. O. , Omollo , O. , Monahan , P. O. and Ojwang , C. 2008 . Characteristics of psychosocial support seeking during HIV-related treatment in Western Kenya . AIDS Patient Care and STDs , 22 ( 7 ) : 595 – 602 . (doi:10.1089/apc.2007.0213)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skogmar , S. , Shakely , D. , Lans , M. , Danell , J. , Andersson , R. Tshandu , N. 2006 . Effect of antiretroviral treatment and counselling on disclosure of HIV-serostatus in Johannesburg, South-Africa . Aids Care , 18 ( 7 ) : 725 – 730 . (doi:10.1080/09540120500307248)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS/WHO (2000). Opening up the HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Guidance on Encouraging Beneficial Disclosure, Ethical Partner Counselling & Appropriate Use of HIV Case Reporting, Geneva, UNAIDS/00.42E.
   Google Scholar
• WHO/UNAIDS . 2007 . Guidance on Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counselling in Health Facilities , Geneva : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• WHO/UNAIDS/UNICEF (2010). Towards Universal Access. Scaling up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector. Progress Report 2010, Geneva, World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar