Designing steel to resist hydrogen embrittlement Part 2 – precipitate characterisation

References

• Waid GM, Ault RT. Waid GM and Ault RT, The Development of a New High Strength Casing Steel with Improved Hydrogen Sulfide Cracking Resistance for Sour Oil and Gas Well Applications, CORROSION 79, No. 180, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, Texas; 1979. p. 3.
   Google Scholar
• Turnbull A, Griffiths A. Corrosion and cracking of weldable 13 wt-%Cr martensitic stainless steels for application in the oil and gas industry. Corros Eng Sci Techn. 2003;38(1):21–50. doi: 10.1179/147842203225001432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalheim D, Barnes K, McCutcheon D. Alloy designs for high strength oil and gas transmission linepipe steels. In: Fazackerley WJ, Bordignon P, Hulka K, et al., editors. Microalloyed steels for the oil and gas industry. Warrendale (PA): TMS; 2007. p. 73–108.
   Google Scholar
• Sponseller DL, Garber R, Cox TB. Design of H2S-Resistant steels for the tubular products used in oil and gas wells. In: Interrante CG, Pressouyre GM, editors. Current solutions to Hydrogen problems in steels. Ohio: ASM; 1982. p. 200.
   Google Scholar
• Bannenberg N, Streisselberger A, Schwinn V. New steel plates for the oil and gas industry. Steel Res Int. 2007;78:185–188. doi: 10.1002/srin.200705878
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramjaun TI, Ooi SW, Morana R. Designing steel to resist hydrogen embrittlement. Part 1 – trapping capacity. Mater Sci Techn. 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker RG, Nutting J. Precipitation processes in steels. Iron and steel institute special report no. (64); 1959. p. 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Depover T, Verbeken K. Evaluation of the effect of VC precipitates on the hydrogen induced mechanical degradation in Fe-C-V alloys. Mater Sci Eng A. 2016;675:299–313. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.08.053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J, Lee T, Kwon YJ, et al. Effects of vanadium carbides on hydrogen embrittlement of tempered martensitic steel. Met Mater Int. 2016;22(3):364–372. doi: 10.1007/s12540-016-5631-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Depover T, Verbeken K. The detrimental effect of hydrogen at dislocations on the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of Fe-C-X alloys: An experimental proof of the HELP mechanism. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2018;43(5):3050–3061. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.12.109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng X, Cheng X, Jiang C, et al. Hydrogen diffusion and trapping in V-microalloyed mooring chain steels. Mater Lett. 2018;213:118–121. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2017.11.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker RG, Nutting J. The tempering of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel after quenching and normalizing. J Iron Steel Inst. 1959;192(3):257–268.
   Google Scholar
• Epicier T, Acevedo D, Perez M. Crystallographic structure of vanadium carbide precipitates in a model Fe-C-V steel. Philos Mag. 2008;88(1):31–45. doi: 10.1080/14786430701753816
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jack DH, Jack KH. Carbides and nitrides in steel. Mater Sci Eng. 1973;11:1–27. doi: 10.1016/0025-5416(73)90055-4
   Google Scholar
• Carruthers RB, Collins MJ. Carbide transformations in microstructurally unstable low alloy ferritic steel. Met Sci. 1983;17(3):107–110. doi: 10.1179/030634583790421050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutterotti L, Matthies S, Wenk HR, et al. Combined texture and structure analysis of deformed limestone from time-of-flight neutron diffraction spectra. J Appl Phys. 1997;81:594–600. doi: 10.1063/1.364220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onink M, Brakman CM, Tichelaar FD. Lattice parameters of austenite and ferrite in Fe–C alloys a sfunction of carbon concentraiton and temperature. Scr Metall Mater. 1993;29(3):1011–1016. doi: 10.1016/0956-716X(93)90169-S
   Google Scholar
• Williamson GK, Smallman RE. III. Dislocation densities in some annealed and cold-worked metals from measurements on the X-ray Debye-Scherrer spectrum. Philos Mag. 1956;1:34–46. doi: 10.1080/14786435608238074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson GK, Hall WH. X-ray line broadening from filed aluminium and wolfram. Acta Metall. 1953;1:22–31. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(53)90006-6
   Google Scholar
• Robert AY. The Rietveld Method. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• McCusker LB, Von Dreele RB, Cox DE, et al. Rietveld refinement guidelines. J Appl Crystallogr. 1999;32:36–50. doi: 10.1107/S0021889898009856
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fultz B, Kim JI, Kim YH, et al. The stability of precipitated austenite and the toughness of 9Ni steel. Metall Trans A. 1985;16:2237–2249. doi: 10.1007/BF02670423
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pampillo CA, Paxton HW. The effect of reverted austenite on the mechanical properties and toughness of 12 Ni and 18 Ni (200) maraging steels. Metall Trans. 1972;3:2895–2903. doi: 10.1007/BF02652858
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo CH, Lee HM, Chan JW, et al. MC precipitates in isothermal tempering of high Co-Ni secondary hardening steel. Metall Mater Trans A Phys Metall Mater Sci. 1996;27:3466–3472. doi: 10.1007/BF02595438
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda K, Nishiyama Z. On the nature of the tetragonal and cubic martensites. Sci Rep Tohoku Univ. 1932;21:299–331.
   Google Scholar
• Christian JW. Tetragonal martensites in ferrous alloys - A Critique. Mater Trans JIM. 1992;33:208–214. doi: 10.2320/matertrans1989.33.208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ooi SW, Cho YR, Oh JK, et al. Carbon enrichment in residual austenite during martensitic transformation. In: Olson GB, Lieberman DS, Saxena A, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on martensitic transformations (ICOMAT-08). Philadelphia (PA): TMS; 2008. p. 179–185.
   Google Scholar
• Senior BA. A critical review of precipitation behaviour in 1CrMoV rotor steels. Mater Sci Eng. 1988;103:263–271. doi: 10.1016/0025-5416(88)90516-2
   Google Scholar
• Ghomashchi MR, Sellars CM. Microstructural changes in as-cast M2 grade high speed steel during high temperature treatment. Met Sci. 1984;18:44–48. doi: 10.1179/030634584790420339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheremnykh VG, Derevyankin EV, Farafonov VK, et al. Carbide-formation processes in rotor steel 25Kh1M1FA. Met Sci Heat Treat. 1983;25:419–426. doi: 10.1007/BF00802306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanino M, Nishida T. Direct observation of vanadium carbide in an iron-5% vanadium alloy containing a small amount of carbon. J Jpn Inst Met. 1965;29:794–800. doi: 10.2320/jinstmet1952.29.8_794
   Google Scholar
• Schonberg N. The composition of the phases in the vanadium-carbon system. Acta Chem Scand. 1954;8:624–266. doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.08-0624
   Google Scholar
• Williams KR, Wilshire B. Effects of microstructural instability on the creep and fracture behaviour of ferritic steels. Mater Sci Eng. 1977;28:289–296. doi: 10.1016/0025-5416(77)90183-5
   Google Scholar
• Liu Q, Zhao SJ. Compositional and structural characterization of alloyed carbide by 3D atom probe and high-resolution TEM. Surf Interface Anal. 2013;45:1129–1134. doi: 10.1002/sia.5238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews KW, Hughes H, Dyson DJ. Constitution diagrams for Cr-Mo-V steels. J Iron Steel Inst (London). 1972;210(Pt 5):337–350.
   Google Scholar
• Stiller K, Svensson L-E, Howell PR, et al. High resolution microanalytical study of precipitation in a powder metallurgical high speed steel. Acta Metall. 1984;32:1457–1467. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(84)90092-0
   Google Scholar
• Ooi SW, Fourlaris G. A comparative study of precipitation effects in Ti only and Ti–V Ultra Low Carbon (ULC) strip steels. Mater Charact. 2006;56:214–226. doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2005.11.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozeschnik E, Svoboda J, Fratzl P, et al. Modelling of kinetics in multi-component multi-phase systems with spherical precipitates - II: Numerical solution and application. Mater Sci Eng A. 2004;385:166–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssens KGF, Raabe D, Kozeschnik E. Computational materials engineering: an introduction to microstructure evolution. London: Elsevier; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Svoboda J, Fischer FD, Fratzl P, et al. Modelling of kinetics in multi-component multi-phase systems with spherical precipitates - I: Theory. Mater Sci Eng A. 2004;385:157–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamberger S, Wojcik T, Klarner J, et al. Computational and experimental analysis of carbo-nitride precipitation in tempered martensite. Steel Res Int. 2013;84:20–30. doi: 10.1002/srin.201200047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamberger S, Kozeschnik E. Carbo-nitride precipitation in tempered martensite - computer simulation and experiment. Materials Science Forum. 2012; 706–709:1586–1591. Leslie:book.
   Google Scholar
• Leslie WC. The Physical Metallurgy of Steels. New York (NY): McGraw Hill; 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Koistinen DP, Marburger RE. A general equation prescribing the extent of the austenite-martensite transformation in pure iron–carbon alloys and plain carbon steels. Acta Metall. 1959;7:59–60. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(59)90170-1
   Google Scholar