Nitrocarburising of annealed and severe plastically deformed 16MnCr5 steel

References

• Mittemeijer EJ. Fundamentals of nitriding and nitrocarburizing. In: Dosse J, Totten GE, editors. ASM handbook Vol. 4. Kinsman (Ohio): ASM International; 2013. p. 619–646.
   Google Scholar
• Du H, Lange N, Ågren J. Formation of compound layers on iron during gas nitriding. Surf Eng. 1995;11:301–307. doi: 10.1179/sur.1995.11.4.301
   Google Scholar
• Caliari D, Timelli G. An investigation in to the effects of different oxy-nitrocarburizing conditions on hardness profiles and corrosion behavior of 16MnCr5 steels. Int J Metall Mater Eng. 2015;1:110. doi: 10.15344/2455-2372/2015/110
   Google Scholar
• Naim S, Fisnik A. Finite-element modeling and experimental study of nitrogen concentration profile in 16MnCr5 gas nitrided steel. Sci Res Essays. 2015;10:615–623. doi: 10.5897/SRE2015.6331
   Google Scholar
• Zabavnkik V. Two-stage nitriding in ammonia and nitrogen. Met Sci Heat Treat. 1967;9:169–171. doi: 10.1007/BF00653133
   Google Scholar
• Pye D. Practical nitriding and ferritic nitrocarburizing. Kinsman (Ohio): ASM International; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Sumida M. Surface hardening and microstructural features of chromium-molybdenum steel via two-stage gas nitriding with a short isothermal time in stage one. Mater Trans. 2012;53:1468–1144. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.M2011397
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalski J, Burdynski K, Wach P, et al. Nitrogen availability of nitriding atmosphere in controlled gas nitriding processes. Arch Metall Mater. 2015;60:747–754.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somers MAJ, Mittemeijer EJ. Layer-growth kinetics on gaseous nitriding of pure iron: evaluation of diffusion coefficients for nitrogen in iron nitrides. Metall Mater Trans A. 1995;26:57–74. doi: 10.1007/BF02669794
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edenhofer B, Joritz D, Lerche W. New developments in gaseous ferritic nitrocarburising by using hydrocarbon gases. Metall Ital. 2008;4:15–20.
   Google Scholar
• Davis JR. Surface hardening of steels: understanding the basics. Kinsman (Ohio): ASM International; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Woehrle T, Cinaroglu H, Leineweber A, et al. Fe-N and Fe-N-C phase equilibria above 853 K studied by nitriding/nitrocarburising and secondary annealing. Int J Mater Res. 2016;107:192–202. doi: 10.3139/146.111341
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm T, Sproge L. Nitriding and nitrocarburizing. Furnace Atmos. 2009;3:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Michalski J, Tacikowski J, Ratajski J. Controlled gas nitriding of 40HM and 38HMJ steel grades with the formation of nitrided case with and without the surface compound layer, composed of iron nitrides. Maint Probl. 2006;2:43–52.
   Google Scholar
• Czerwinski F. Thermochemical treatment of metals. Ontario: InTech; 2012. p. 73–105
   Google Scholar
• Azushima A, Kopp R, Korhonen A, et al. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes for metals. Manuf Technol. 2008;57:716–735. doi: 10.1016/j.cirp.2008.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Langdon T. Advances in ultrafine-grained materials. Mater Today. 2013;16:85–93. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2013.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soleimani Amiri B, Akbari GH. Recrystallization behaviour of deep drawing low carbon steel sheets produced by Mobarakeh steel plant. Int J ISSI. 2005;2:36–42.
   Google Scholar
• Schuster J, Bruder E, Müller C. Plasma nitriding of steels with severely plastic deformed surfaces. J Mater Sci. 2012;47:7908–7913. doi: 10.1007/s10853-012-6566-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yurkova AI, Belots'ky AV, Byakova AV. Anomalous nitrogen solubility in gradient nanostructured layer formed in the surface of bulk iron by severe plastic deformation under friction. In: YT Zhu, V Varyukhin, editors. Nanostructured materials by high-pressure severe plastic deformation. Vol. 212. Dordrecht: Springer; 2006. p. 107–111.
   Google Scholar
• Friehling PB, Somers MAJ. On the effect of preoxidation on nitriding kinetics. Surf Eng. 2000;16:103–106. doi: 10.1179/026708400101516928
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herring DH. Comparing and contrasting carbonitriding and nitrocarburizing. Ind Heat. 2016;7:2–8.
   Google Scholar
• Aizawa T, Fukuda T, Morita H. Low temperature high density plasma nitriding of stainless steel molds for stamping of oxide glasses. Manuf Rev. 2016;3:5–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koshel D, Kalucki J. Effect of process time on low-temperature nitrided austenitic stainless steels layer structure. Proc. Heat Treating 2011 – 26th Conference and Exposition; 2011 Jan; Cincinnati, OH, USA, p. 296.
   Google Scholar
• Yang M. Nitriding – fundamentals, modeling and process optimization [PhD thesis]. Worcester (MA): Worchester Polytechnic Institute; 2012, p. 7–17.
   Google Scholar
• Bhadeshia HKDH. Course MP6, kinetics and microstructure modelling. Mater Sci Metall. 2003;3:2.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang S, Li Z, Ferguson L. Effect of carburization on the residual stress and fatigue life of a transmission shaft. Proc. 23rd Heat Treating Society conference; 2005 Sep; Pittsburgh, PA, p. 216–221.
   Google Scholar
• Leòn Càzares F, Jiménez Ceniceros A, Oseguera Pena J, et al. Modeling surface processes and kinetics of compound layer formation during plasma nitriding of pure iron. Rev Mex Fis. 2014;60:257–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aloke P, Tomi L, Vesa V, et al. Thermodynamics, diffusion and the Kirkendall effect in solids. London: Springer International Publishing; 2014. 429–431.
   Google Scholar
• Kouba R, Keddam M. Numerical prediction of the compound layer growth during the gas nitriding of Fe-M binary alloys. Mater Technol. 2015;49:43–53.
   Google Scholar
• Hashemi J, Smith WF. Foundations of materials science and engineering. 5th ed. Boston (MA): McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Caliari D, Timeli G, Salata T, et al. Microstructural investigation of oxynitrocarburized components processed at different temperatures). Proc. Thermec’ 2016 International Conference on Processing & Manufacturing of Advanced Materials; 2016 Jun; Graz, Austria. Paper 518.
   Google Scholar
• Somers MAJ. Nitriding and nitrocarburizing; current status and future challenges. Proc. Heat Treat & Surface Engineering Conference & Expo; 2013; Chennai, India.
   Google Scholar
• Weymer P. Principles of gas nitriding. Heat Treat Process. 2009;9:12–13.
   Google Scholar
• Bjørsom HB. Investigation of the compound layer and diffusion zone of pulsed plasma nitrided 51CrV4-steel [M. thesis]. Oslo, Norway: University of Oslo; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Maire L, Faure L, Philippon S, et al. Influence of duplex USSP/nitriding surface treatments on the dry sliding behaviour of Ti6Al4 V/AISI 316 L tribopairs. Proc Eng. 2015;114:621–626. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.113
   Google Scholar