Fractality and roughness of the ZnO:Cu composite thin films annealed in different temperatures

References

• Klingshirn C. ZnO: from basics towards applications. Phys Stat Solidi (b). 2007;244(9):3027–3073. doi: 10.1002/pssb.200743072
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahdhi H, Alaya S, Gauffier J, et al. Influence of thickness on the structural, optical and electrical properties of Ga-doped zno thin films deposited by sputtering magnetron. J Alloys Compd. 2017;695:697–703. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HW, Choi B, Shim KB, et al. Preparation of Ti-doped ZnO transparent conductive thin films by PLD method. J Ceram Process Res. 2005;6(1):52–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khomchenko V, Kryshtab T, Savin A, et al. Fabrication and properties of ZnO: Cu and ZnO: Ag thin films. Superlatt Microstruct. 2007;42(1–6):94–98. doi: 10.1016/j.spmi.2007.04.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma L, Ma S, Chen H, et al. Microstructures and optical properties of Cu-doped ZnO films prepared by radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering. Appl Surf Sci. 2011;257(23):10036–10041. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.06.134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan Z, Tian X, Wu S, et al. Effects of Al and Sn dopants on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films. Superlatt Microstruct. 2013;54:107–117. doi: 10.1016/j.spmi.2012.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan Z, Zhang P, Tian X, et al. Properties of fluorine and tin co-doped ZnO thin films deposited by sol–gel method. J Alloys Compd. 2013;576:31–37. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.04.132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallika A, RamachandraReddy A, SowriBabu K, et al. Synthesis and optical characterization of aluminum doped ZnO nanoparticles. Ceram Int. 2014;40(8):12171–12177. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.04.057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang MC, Lin JC, Cheng SH, et al. Influence of Ga dopant on photoelectrochemical characteristic of Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited by sol–gel spin-coating technique. Surf Interface Anal. 2017;49(5):434–440. doi: 10.1002/sia.6176
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haji Abdolvahab R, Zamani Meymian MR. Theoretical and experimental analyses of the deposited silver thin films. Surf Interface Anal. 2018;50(4):403–410. doi: 10.1002/sia.6381
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meymian MRZ, Abdolvahab RH, Mehr AK. Fractal characteristics of TiO2-Ag nanocomposite films deposited by a grid-assisted co-sputtering method. Appl Surf Sci. 2019 jun;480:593–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.03.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adochite R, Munteanu D, Torrell M, et al. The influence of annealing treatments on the properties of Ag:Tio2 nanocomposite films prepared by magnetron sputtering. Appl Surf Sci. 2012;258(8):4028–4034. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.12.095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Wang G, Lu T. Characterization of amorphous and crystalline rough surface – principles and applications, Elsevier Science, 2000. (Experimental methods in the physical sciences). https://books.google.com/books?id=vYVaBxkOkZ0C.
   Google Scholar
• Barabási A, Stanley H. Fractal concepts in surface growth. Cambridge University Press; 1995. https://books.google.com/books?id=W4SqcNr8PLYC.
   Google Scholar
• Bandt C, Pompe B. Permutation entropy: a natural complexity measure for time series. Phys Rev Lett. 2002;88(17):174102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.174102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller K, Mangold T, Stolz I, et al. Permutation entropy: new ideas and challenges. Entropy. 2017;19(3):134. doi: 10.3390/e19030134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeFord D, Moore K. Random walk null models for time series data. Entropy. 2017;19(11):615. doi: 10.3390/e19110615
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdolvahab R, Mobasheri H, Nikouee A, et al. Ompf, a nucleotide-sensing nanoprobe, computational evaluation of single channel activities. Phys A. 2016;457:215–224. doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2016.03.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falconer K. Fractal geometry mathematical foundations and applications. Wiley; 2003. https://books.google.com/books?id=LOGNWkY6nOMC.
   Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Lai J, Shek C. Multifractal spectra of scanning electron microscope images of SnO2 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Phys Lett A. 2005;345(1):218–223. doi: 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.05.104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakayama T, Yakubo K. Fractal concepts in condensed matter physics. Springer; 2003. Physics and astronomy online library; https://books.google.com/books?id=-p8QbTlJHa0C
   Google Scholar
• Acton Q. Issues in extreme conditions technology research and application: 2011 edition. ScholarlyEditions; 2012. https://books.google.com/books?id=srEbY03BMKsC.
   Google Scholar
• Ma L, Ma S, Chen H, et al. Microstructures and optical properties of Cu-doped ZnO films prepared by radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering. Appl Surf Sci. 2011;257(23):10036–10041. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.06.134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahşi ZB, Oral AY. Effects of Mn and Cu doping on the microstructures and optical properties of sol–gel derived zno thin films. Opt Mater (Amst). 2007;29(6):672–678. doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2005.11.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar