The correlation between structure, multifunctional properties and application of PVD MAX phase coatings. Part III. Multifunctional applications

References

• Sun J, Bhushan B. Hierarchical structure and mechanical properties of nacre: a review. RSC Adv. 2012;2:7617–7632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Cheng Q, Tang Z. Layered nanocomposites inspired by the structure and mechanical properties of nacre. Chem Soc Rev. 2012;41:1111–1129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan TL, Wong D, Lee P. Iridescence of a shell of mollusk Haliotis Glabra. Opt Express. 2004;12(20):4847–4854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Hitzky E, Darder M, Aranda P. Functional biopolymer nanocomposites based on layered solids. J Mater Chem. 2005;15:3650–3662.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsoum MW. The MN+1AXN phases: a new class of solids; thermodynamically stable nanolaminates. Prog Solid State Chem. 2000;28:201–281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsoum MW, El-Raghy T. The MAX phases: unique new carbide and nitride materials. Am Sci. 2001;89:336–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsoum MW, Radovic M. Elastic and mechanical properties of the MAX phases. Annu Rev Mater Res. 2011;41:195–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsoum MW. MAX phases: properties of machinable carbides and nitrides. Weinheim: Wiley VCH GMbH; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Music D, Schneider JM. The correlation between the electronic structure and elastic properties of nanolaminates. JOM. 2007;59:60–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklund P, Beckers M, Jansson U, et al. The M(n+1)AX(n) phases: materials science and thin-film processing. Thin Solid Films. 2010;518:1851–1878.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun ZM. Progress in research and development on MAX phases: a family of metallic ceramics. Int Mater Rev. 2011;56(3):143–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fashandi H, Lai C-C, Dahlqvist M, et al. Ti2Au2C and Ti3Au2C2 formed by solid state reaction of gold with Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2. Chem Commun. 2017;53:9554–9557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fashandi H, Dahlqvist M, Lu J, et al. Synthesis of Ti3AuC2, Ti3Au2C2, and Ti3IrC2 by noble metal substitution reaction in Ti3SiC2 for high-temperature stable Ohmic contacts to SiC. Nat Mater 2017;16:814–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilera G, Gorges B, Pascarelli S, et al. Novel high-temperature reactors for in situ studies of three-way catalysts using turbo-XAS. J Synchrotron Rad. 2009;16:628–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian WB, Wang PL, Kan YM, et al. Oxidation behaviour of Cr2AlC ceramics at 1100 and 1250°C. J Mater Sci. 2008;43:2785–2791.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger O, Boucher R, Ruhnow M. Part I. mechanism of oxidation of Cr2AlC films in temperature range 700–1200°C. Surf Eng. 2015;31(5):373–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger O, Boucher R, Ruhnow M. Part II. oxidation of yttrium doped Cr2AlC films in temperature range between 700–1200°C. Surf Eng. 2015;31(5):386–396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta S, Filimonov D, Palanisamy T, et al. Ta2AlC and Cr2AlC Ag-based composites-New solid lubricant materials for use over a wide temperature range against Ni-based superalloys and alumina. Wear. 2007;262:1479–1489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger O, Boucher R. Crack healing in Y-doped Cr2AlC-MAX phase coatings. Surf Eng. 2017;33(3):192–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Zwaag S (ed). Self-healing materials. An alternative approach to 20 centuries of materials science Springer series in materials science 100. Dordrecht: Springer; 2007; 385.
   Google Scholar
• Greil P. Generic principles of crack-healing ceramics. J Adv Ceram. 2012;1(4):249–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter C, Sigumonrong DP, EI-Raghy T, et al. Towards large area deposition of Cr2AlC on steel. Thin Solid Films. 2006;515:389–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtoglu CM, Presser V, Lu J, et al. Two-dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2. Adv Mater. 2011;23(37):4248–4253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naguib M, Mashtalir O, Carle J, et al. Two-dimensional transition metal carbides. ACS Nano. 2012;6(2):1322–1331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anasori B, Lukatskaya MR, Gogotsi Y. 2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage. Nat Rev Mater. 2017;2(2):16098.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Studart AR, Gonzenbach UT, Tervoort E, et al. Processing routes to macroporous ceramics: A review. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2006;89(6):1771–1789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommers A, Wang Q, Han X, et al. Ceramics and ceramic matrix composites for heat exchangers in advanced thermal systems-A review. Appl Therm Eng. 2010;30(11–12):1277–1291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Julian J, Onrubia S, Bram M, et al. High temperature oxidation and compressive strength of Cr2AlC MAX phase foams with controlled porosity. J Am Ceram Soc. 2017;101:542–552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo H-I, Barsoum MW, El-Raghy T. Materials science: Ti3SiC2 has negligible thermopower. Nature. 2000;407:581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai C-C, Fashandi H, Lu J, et al. Phase formation of nanolaminated Mo2AuC and Mo2(Au1−xGax)2C by a substitutional reaction within Au-capped Mo2GaC and Mo2Ga2C thin films. Nanoscale. 2017;9:17681–17687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai C-C, Tao Q, Fashandi H, et al. Magnetic properties and structural characterization of layered (Cr0.5Mn0.5)2AuC synthesized by thermally induced substitutional reaction in (Cr0.5Mn0.5)2GaC. Apl Materials. 2018;6:026104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kašpar J, Fornasiero P, Hickey N. Automotive catalytic converters: current status and some perspectives. Catal Today. 2003;77(4):419–449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skoglundh M, Fridell E. Strategies for enhancing low-temperature activity. Top Catal. 2004;28:79–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock TR, Tin S. Nickel based superalloys for advanced turbine engines: chemistry, microstructure and properties,. J Propuls Power. 2006;22(2):361–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boucher R, Berger O, Leyens C. Magnetic properties of bulk and thin film Cr-Al-C compounds. Surf Eng. 2016;32(3):172–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boucher R, Berger O. Magnetic model of oxidation process of Y containing Cr-Al-C films. Surf Eng. 2018;34(1):6–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger O, Leyens C, Heinze S, et al. Characterisation of Cr-Al-C and Cr-Al-C-Y films synthesized by high power Impulse magnetron sputtering at low deposition temperature. Thin Solid Films. 2015;580:6–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnuson M, Mattesini M. Chemical bonding and electronic-structure in MAX phases as viewed by X-ray spectroscopy and density functional theory. Thin Solid Films. 2017;621:108–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Ahuja R, Barsoum MW, et al. Optical properties of Ti3SiC2 and Ti4AlN3. Appl Phys Lett. 2008;92:221907.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Flem M, Liu X, Doriot S, et al. Irradiation damage in Ti3(Si,Al)C2: a TEM investigation. Int J Appl Ceram Technol. 2010;7:766–775.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu XM, Le Flem M, Béchade JL, et al. Nanoindentation investigation of heavy ion irradiated Ti3(Si,Al)C2. J Nucl Mater 2010;401:149–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nappé J, Grosseau P, Audubert F, et al. Damages induced by heavy ions in titanium silicon carbide: effects of nuclear and electronic interactions at room temperature. J Nucl Mater. 2009;385:304–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittle KR, Blackford MG, Aughterson RD, et al. Radiation tolerance of M n+1 AXn phases, Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2. Acta Mater. 2010;58:4362–4368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman EN, Vinson DW, Sindelar RL, et al. MAX phase carbides and nitrides: properties for future nuclear power plant in-core applications and neutron transmutation analysis. Nucl Eng Des. 2012;244:17–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frodelius J, Sonestedt M, Björklund S, et al. Ti2AlC coatings deposited by high velocity Oxyfuel spraying. Surf Coat Technol. 2008;202:5976–5981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonestedt M, Frodelius J, Palmquist J-P, et al. Microstructure of high velocity oxyfuel sprayed Ti2AlC coatings. J Mater Sci. 2010;45:2760–2769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward JH. MAX phase ceramics for nuclear Applications. PhD thesis, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester, UK., 2018, 183.
   Google Scholar
• Shi SL, Pan W, Fang MH, et al. Reinforcement of hydroxyapatite bioceramic by addition of Ti3SiC2. J Am Ceram Soc. 2006;89(2):743–745.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi SL, Pan W. Machinable Ti3SiC2/hydroxyapatite bioceramic composites by spark plasma sintering. J Am Ceram Soc. 2007;90(10):3331–3333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao NF, MiyamotoI Y, Oonishi H, et al. Investigation on the application of Ti3SiC2 ceramics for biomaterials. J Mater Sci Lett. 2002;21:783–785.
   Google Scholar
• Hetmańczyk M, Swadźba L, Mendala B. Advanced materials and protective coatings in aero-engines application. JAMME. 2007;24(1):372–381.
   Google Scholar
• Peters M, Kumpfert J, Ward CH, et al. Titanium alloys for aerospace applications. Adv Eng Mater. 2003;5(6):419–427.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomeroy MJ. Coatings for gas turbine materials and long term stability issues. Mater Des. 2005;26:223–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauchais P, Vardelle A. Thermal Sprayed Coatings Used Against Corrosion and Corrosive Wear,1–38, Advanced Plasma Spray Applications, Edited by Dr. Hamid Jazi, In Tech Europe, ISBN 978-953-51-0349-3, 2012, 250.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke DR, Oechsner M, Padture NP. Thermal-barrier coatings for more efficient gas-turbine engines. MRS Bull. 2012;37:891–898.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters M, Saruhan-Brings B, Schulz U. Advanced coatings for blades of future aero engines, Proc. CEAS 2009 European Air and Space Conference, 2009, Manchester, UK, 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Source. Pratt&Whitney/MTU Aero Engines; www.mtu.de/en/take-off/how_engines_work/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Maurer C, Schulz U. Erosion resistant titanium based PVD coatings on CFRP. Wear. 2013;302:937–945.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maurer C. Versagensmechanismen von PVD-Beschichtungen auf CFK unter Erosionsverschleiß, PhD thesis, RWTH, Aachen, 2014,114.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart R. Carbon fibre composites poised for dramatic growth. Reinf Plast. 2009;53:16–21.
   Google Scholar
• Klocke F, Zeis M, Klink A, et al. Experimental research on the electrochemical machining of modern titanium- and nickel-based alloys for aero engine components. Procedia CIRP. 2013;6:368–372.
   Google Scholar
• Titanium and Titanium Alloys, (Eds.: Leyens C., Peters M.), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Akca E, Gürsel A. A review on superalloys and IN718 nickel-based INCONEL superalloy. Period Eng Nat Sci. 2015;3:15–27.
   Google Scholar
• Meschter PJ, Opila EJ, Jacobson NS. Water-vapor-mediated volatilization of high temperature materials. Annu Rev Mater Res. 2013;43:559–588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zok FW. Ceramic-matrix composites enable revolutionary gains in turbine engine efficiency. Am Ceram Soc Bull. 2016;95:22–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamed A, Tabakoff W, Wenglarz R. Erosion deposition in turbomachinery. J Propul Power. 2006;22(2):350–360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grieb H. Verdichter für Turbo- Flugtriebwerke. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin; 2009; 337.
   Google Scholar
• Rossmann A. Die Sicherheit von Turbo-Flugtriebwerken, Band 1,Turbo Consult, 2000, 600.
   Google Scholar
• Chen X, Wang R, Yao N, et al. Foreign object damage in a thermal barrier system: mechanisms and simulations. Mater Sci Eng A. 2003;352(1–2):221–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drexler JM, Gledhill AD, Shinoda K, et al. Jet engine coatings for resisting volcanic ash damage. Adv Mater. 2011;23:2419–2424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• from Wikipedia https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Eyjafjallajokull-April-17.JPG
   Google Scholar
• from Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MountRedoubtEruption.jpg
   Google Scholar
• from Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_storm
   Google Scholar
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MtStHelensAsh1980eruption.jpg
   Google Scholar
• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Ashsem_small.jpg
   Google Scholar
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownout (aeronautics)
   Google Scholar
• Webley P, Mastin L. Improved prediction and tracking of volcanic ash clouds. J Volcanol Geotherm Res. 2009;186:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfaro SC, Gomes L, Rajot JL, et al. Modeling mineral aerosol production by wind erosion: part 1 physical bases. J Aerosol Sci. 2000;31:S426–S427.
   Google Scholar
• Smialek JL, Archer FA, Garlick RG. Turbine airfoil degradation in the Persian Gulf War. JOM. 1994;46:39–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• from Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation
   Google Scholar
• from Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ash
   Google Scholar
• Heutling F, Uihlein T, Brendel T, et al. Erosionsschutz für Titan- und Superlegierungen. Tech Rep. 2010;29:63–68.
   Google Scholar
• Tabakoff W, Wakeman T. Test facility for material erosion at high temperature. ASTM. 1979;664:123–135.
   Google Scholar
• Schroeter O. Herstellung und Charakterisierung von PVD-Schichten auf Basis der Cr2AlC–MAX-Phase, PhD thesis, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus (BTU), Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Elektrotechnik und Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen, Cottbus, 2011, 278.
   Google Scholar
• Schrade M, Staudacher S. High-speed test rig for the investigation of erosion damage of axial compressor blades, Document ID: 340033, Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, 2014, 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Tabakoff W. Protection of coated superalloys from erosion in turbomachinery and other systems exposed to particulate flows. Wear. 1999;233–235:200–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey JAC. Fundamentals of fluid motion in erosion by solid particle impact. Int J Heat Fluid Fl. 1990;11(3):170–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parameswaran VR, Immarigeon JP, Nagy D. Titanium nitride coating for aero engine compressor gas path components. Surf Coat Technol. 1992;52(3):251–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolkman HJ. Effect of TiN/Ti gas turbine compressor coatings on the fatigue strength of Ti-6A1-4V base metal. Surf CoatTechnol. 1995;72:30–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bielawski M, Beres W. FE modelling of surface stresses in erosion-resistant coatings under single particle impact. Wear. 2007;262:167–175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muboyadzhyan SA. Erosion-Resistant coatings for gas turbine compressor blades. Russ Metall. 2009;3:3–20.
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler DW, Wood RJK. Fracture of diamond coatings by high velocity sand erosion. Philos Mag. 2009;89(3):285–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borawski B, Singha J, Todda JA, et al. Multi-layer coating design architecture for optimum particulate erosion resistance. Wear. 2011;271(11–12):2782–2792.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yashar PC, Sproul WD. Nanometer scale multilayered hard coatings. Vacuum. 1999;55(3–4):179–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naveed M. Study of crystallography and erosion behavior of single and multilayer coatings used for applications in aero engines, PhD thesis, BTU, Cottbus, 2015, 87.
   Google Scholar
• Larsson M, Bromark M, Hedenqvist P, et al. Deposition and mechanical properties of multilayered PVD Ti-TiN coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 1995;76–77(1):202–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bemporad E, Sebastiani M, Pecchio C, et al. High thickness Ti/TiN multilayer thin coatings for wear resistant applications. Surf Coat Technol. 2006;201(6):2155–2165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendibide C, Steyer P, Esnouf CP, et al. X-ray diffraction analysis of the residual stress state in PVD TiN/CrN multilayer coatings deposited on tool steel. Surf Coat Technol. 2005;200:165–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickerby DS, Jones AM, Bellamy BA. Internal stress in titanium nitride coating: modelling of complex stress systems. Surf Coat Technol. 1988;36:661–674.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromark M, Larsson M, Hedenqvist P, et al. Wear of PVD Ti/TiN multilayer coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 1997;90(3):217–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leyland A, Matthews A. Thick Ti/TiN multilayered coatings for abrasive and erosive wear resistance. Surf Coat Technol. 1994;70(1):19–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borawski B, Todda JA, Singh J, et al. The influence of ductile interlayer material on the particle erosion resistance of multilayered TiN based coatings. Wear. 2011;271:2890–2898.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousser E, Benkahoul M, Martinu L, et al. Effect of microstructure on the erosion resistance of Cr–Si–N coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 2008;203(5–7):776–780.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousser E, Martinu L, Klemberg-Sapieha JE. Solid particle erosion mechanisms of hard protective coating. Surf Coat Technol. 2013;235:383–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Q, Zhao LR, Cai F, et al. Wear, erosion and corrosion resistance of CrTiAlN coating deposited by magnetron sputtering. Surf Coat Technol. 2008;202(16):3886–3892.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin J, Moore JJ, Mishra B, et al. Nano-structured CrN/AlN multilayer coatings synthesized by pulsed closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2009;204(6–7):936–940.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe DE, Gabriel BM, Reedy MW. Nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N coatings for hard particle erosion resistance. Surf Coat Technol. 2011;205:4569–4576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reedy MW, Eden TJ, Potter JK, et al. Erosion performance and characterization of nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N hard coatings for gas turbine engine compressor blade applications. Surf Coat Technol. 2011;206:464–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gachon Y, Ienny P, Forner A, et al. Erosion by solid particles of W/W-N multilayer coatings obtained by PVD process. Surf Coat Technol. 1999;113(1–2):140–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortner K, Kohns A, Turley F, et al. Erosionsschutzschichten für Flugtriebwerke. Vak Forsch Praxis. 2009;21(3):18–21.
   Google Scholar
• Panich N, Wangyao P, Hannongbua S, et al. Trobological study of nano-multilayered ultra-hard coatings based on TiB2. Rev Adv Mater Sci. 2006;13:117–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassani S, Klemberg-Sapieha JE, Bielawski M, et al. Design of hard coating architecture for the optimization of erosion resistance. Wear. 2008;265:879–887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsoum MW, Ali M, El-Raghy T. Processing and characterization of Ti2AlC, Ti2AlN, and Ti2AlC0.5N0.5. Metall Mater Trans A. 2000;31:1857–1865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsoum MW, Salama I, El-Raghy T, et al. Thermal and electrical properties of Nb2AlC, (Ti,Nb)2AlC and Ti2AlC. Metall Mater Trans A. 2002;33(9):2775–2779.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsoum MW. Physical properties of the MAX phases. In: Buschow KHJ, Cahn RW, Flemings MC, editors. Encyclopedia of materials science and Technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2006. p. 25–187.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta S, Filimonov D, Zaitsev V, et al. Ambient and 550°C tribological behavior of select MAX phases against Ni-based superalloys. Wear. 2008;264:270–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsoum MW, El-Raghy T. Synthesis and characterization of a remarkable ceramic: Ti3SiC2. J Am Ceram Soc. 1996;7:1953–1956.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta S, Filimonov D, Palanisamy T, et al. Tribological behaviour of select MAX phases against Al2O3 at elevated temperatures. Wear. 2008;265:560–565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian WB, Wang PL, Zhang GJ, et al. Synthesis and thermal and electrical properties of bulk Cr2AlC. Scr Mater. 2006;54:841–846.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian WB, Wang PL, Zhang GJ, et al. Effect of composition and processing on phase assembly and mechanical property of Cr2AlC ceramics. Mater Sci Eng A. 2007;454:132–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou YC, Sun ZM, Wang XH, et al. Ab initio geometry optimization and ground state properties of layered ternary carbides Ti3MC2 (M = Al, Si and Ge). J Phys: Condens Matter. 2001;13:10001–10010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou YC, Wang XH. Deformation of polycrystalline Ti2AIC under compression. Mater Res Innov. 2001;5(2):87–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin ZJ, Zhou YC, Li MS, et al. In-situ hot pressing/solid–liquid reaction synthesis of bulk Cr2AlC. Z Metallkd. 2005;96:291–296.
   Google Scholar
• Tian WB, Sun Z, Du Y, et al. Synthesis reactions of Cr2AlC from Cr-Al4C3-C by pulse discharge sintering. Mater Lett. 2008;62:3852–3855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou YC, Wang XH, Sun ZM, et al. Electronic and structural properties of the layered ternary carbide Ti3AlC2. J Mater Chem. 2001;11:2335–2339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmquist J-P, Jansson U, Seppänen T, et al. Magnetron sputtered epitaxial single-phase Ti3SiC2 thin films. Appl Phys Lett. 2002;81:835–837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmerlich J, Högberg H, Sasvari S, et al. Growth of Ti3SiC2 thin films by elemental target magnetron sputtering. J Appl Phys. 2004;96:4817–4826.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertens R, Sun ZM, Music D, et al. Effect of the composition on the structure of Cr-Al-C investigated by combinatorial thin film synthesis and ab Initio calculations. Adv Eng Mater. 2004;6:903–907.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider JM, Sun ZM, Mertens R, et al. Ab initio calculations and experimental determination of the structure of Cr2AlC. Solid State Commun. 2004;130:445–449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider JM, Sigumonrong DP, Music D, et al. Elastic properties of Cr2AlC thin films probed by nanoindentation and ab initio molecular dynamics. Scr Mater. 2007;57:1137–1140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Music D, Schneider JM. The correlation between the electronic structure and elastic properties of nanolaminates. JOM. 2007;59:60–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter C, Sigumonrong DP, EI-Raghy T, et al. Towards large area deposition of Cr2AlC on steel. Thin Solid Films. 2006;515:389–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichner D, Schlieter A, Leyens C, et al. Solid particle erosion behavior of nanolaminated Cr2AlC films. Wear. 2018;402–403:187–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen L, Eichner D, van der Zwaag S, et al. Reducing the erosive wear rate of Cr2AlC MAX phase ceramic by oxidative healing of local impact damage. Wear. 2016;358–359:1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady MP, Gleeson B, Wright IG. Alloy design strategies for promoting protective oxide-scale formation. JOM. 2000;52:16–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smialek JL. Maintaining adhesion of protective Al2O3 scales. JOM. 2000;52:22–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartolotta PA, Krause DL. Titanium aluminide applications in the high speed civil transport, NASA/TM-1999–209071, International Symposium on Gamma Titanium Aluminides sponsored by The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, San Diego, California, February 28-March 4, 1999, 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Liu GM, Li MS, Zhou YC. Hot corrosion of Ti3SiC2-based ceramics coated with Na2SO4 at 900 and 1000 °C in air. Corros Sci. 2003;45:1217–1226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang XH, Zhou YC. Hot corrosion of Na2SO4-coated Ti3AlC2 in air at 700–1000°C. J Electrochem Soc. 2004;151(9):B505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu GM, Li MS, Zhou YC. Effect of Na2SO4 and water vapor on the corrosion of Ti3SiC2. Oxid Met. 2006;66:115–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin ZJ, Li MS, Wang JY, et al. High-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion of Cr2AlC. Acta Mater. 2007;55:6182–6191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin ZJ, Li MS, Wang JY, et al. Microstructure and high-temperature corrosion behavior of a Cr–Al–C composite. J Am Ceram Soc. 2007;90:3930–3937.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Song G, Kwakernaak K, et al. Multiple crack healing of a Ti2AlC ceramic. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2012;32:1813–1820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li SB, Xiao LO, Song GM, et al. Oxidation and crack healing behavior of a fine-grained Cr2AlC ceramic. J Am Ceram Soc. 2013;96(3):892–899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smialek JL. Oxygen diffusivity in alumina scales grown on Al-MAX phases. Corros Sci. 2015;91:281–286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smialek JL. Kinetic aspects of Ti2AlC MAX phase oxidation. Oxid Met. 2015;83:351–366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smialek JL, Garg A. Interfacial reactions of a MAX phase/superalloy hybrid. Surf Interface Anal. 2015;47:844–853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smialek JL, Harder BJ, Garg A. Oxidative durability of TBCs on Ti2AlC MAX phase substrates. Surf Coat Technol. 2016;285:77–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smialek JL. Unusual oxidative limitations for Al-MAX phases. NASA/TM-2017-219444, Cleveland, OH, 2017, 1–29.
   Google Scholar
• Smialek JL. Environmental resistance of a Ti2AlC-type MAX phase in a high pressure burner rig. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2017;37:23–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smialek JL. Oxidation of Al2O3 scale-forming MAX phases in turbine environments. Metall Mater Trans A. 2017;49:782–792.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smialek JL, Nesbitt JA, Gabb TP, et al. Hot corrosion and low cycle fatigue of a Cr2AlC-coated superalloy. Mater Sci Eng A. 2018;711:119–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aerospace Materials Handbook, edited by Sam Thang, Dongliang Zhao, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, CRC Press, Taylor &Francis Group, Boca Raton, 2016, 744.
   Google Scholar
• Reed RG. The Supperalloys: Fundamentals and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Aguilar J, Schievenbusch A, Kättlitz O. Investment casting technology for production of TiAl low pressure turbine blades - process engineering and parameter analysis. Intermetallics. 2011;19:757–761.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasalmonie A. Intermetallics: Why is it so difficult to introduce them in gas turbine engines? Intermetallics. 2006;14:1123–1129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• http://3dprint.com/12262/ge-ebm-3d-printing
   Google Scholar
• Lee DB, Nguyen T, Han J, et al. Oxidation of Cr2AlC at 1300°C in air. Corros Sci. 2007;49(10):3926–3934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DB, Park S. Oxidation of Cr2AlC between 900 and 1200°C in Air. Oxid Met. 2007;68(5–6):211–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DB, Nguyen TD. Cyclic oxidation of Cr2AlC between 1000 and 1300°C in air. J Alloys Compd. 2008;464:434–439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DB, Nguyen T, Park S. Long-time oxidation of Cr2AlC between 700 and 1000°C in air. Oxid Met. 2012;77:275–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian WB, Wang PL, Kan YM, et al. Phase formation sequence of Cr2AlC ceramics starting from Cr–Al–C powders. Mater Sci Eng A. 2007;443:229–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao L-O, Li S-B, Song G, et al. Synthesis and thermal stability of Cr2AlC. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2011;31:1497–1502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Sun Y, Chen S, et al. In-situ hot pressing/solid–liquid reaction synthesis of dense titanium silicon carbide bulk ceramics. Mater Res Innov. 1998;2:142–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goward GW, Boone DH. Mechanisms of formation of diffusion aluminide coatings on nickel-base superalloys. Oxid Met. 1971;3(5):475–495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goward GW, Cannon LW. Pack Cementation coatings for superalloys, History, Theory and practice. J Eng Gas Turbine Power. 1988;110(1):150–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sully AH, Brandes EA. Chromium. London: Butterworths; 1967; 2nd ed., Chap. 7.
   Google Scholar
• Peng X, Yan J, Xu C, et al. Oxidation at 900°C of the cromized coating on A3 carbon steel with the electrodeposition pretreatment of Ni or Ni-GeO2 film. Metall Mater Trans A. 2008;39:119–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapp RA, Wang D, Weisert T. Simultaneous chromizing-aluminzing of iron and iron-based alloys by pack cementation. In: M Hobaib, R Krutenat, editors. Metallurgical coating. Warrendale, PA: TMS-AIME; 1987. p. 131.
   Google Scholar
• Bianco R, Rapp RA. Pack cementation aluminide coatings on superalloys: codeposition of Cr and reactive elements. J Electrochem Soc. 1993;140:1181–1190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianco R, Rapp RA, Smialek JL. Chromium and reactive element modified aluminide diffusion coatings on superalloys: environmental testing. J Electrochem Soc. 1993;140:1191–1203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birks N, Meier GH, Pettit FS. Introduction to the high temperature of metals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2006; 2nd edn, 62–105.
   Google Scholar
• Malik M, Morbioli K, Huber P. In: R Brunetaud, editor. High temperature alloys for Gas turbines. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Co.; 1982. p. 87–98.
   Google Scholar
• Nicholls JR, Saunders SRJ. In: E Bachelet, editor. High temperature materials for power engineering. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990. p. 865–875.
   Google Scholar
• Lehnert G, Meinhardt H. Present state and trend of development of surface coating methods against oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures. Electrodepos Surf Treat. 1972;1:71–76.
   Google Scholar
• Göbel M, Rahmel A, Schütze M, et al. Interdiffusion between the platinum-modified aluminide coating RT-22 and nickel-based single-crystal superalloys at 1000 and 1200 °C. Mater High Temp. 1994;12:301–309.
   Google Scholar
• Darolia R. Thermal barrier coatings technology: critical review, progress update, remaining challenges and prospects. Int Mater Rev. 2013;58(6):315–348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholls JR. Designing oxidation-resistant coatings. JOM. 2000;52:28–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duret C, et al. High temperature alloys for Gas turbines. In: R Brunetaud, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Co.; 1982. p. 53–87.
   Google Scholar
• Bornstein NS, Smeggil J. Corrosion of metals processed by directed energy Beams. Warrendale, PA: TMS; 1982. p. 147–158.
   Google Scholar
• Saunders SRJ, Nicholls JR. Hot salt corrosion test procedures and coating evaluation. Thin Solid Films. 1984;119:247–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simenz RF. The influence of aerospace – performance requirements on development of advanced structural materials. Philos Trans Royal Soc A. 1987;322(1567):323–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perepezko JH. The hotter the engine, the better. Science. 2009;326:1068–1069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padture NP, Gell M, Jordan EH. Thermal barrier coatings for gas-turbine engine applications. Science. 2002;296:280–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholls JR, Simms NJ, Chan WY, et al. Smart overlay coatings — concept and practice. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2002;149:236–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans AG, Mumm DR, Hutchinson JW, et al. Mechanisms controlling the durability of thermal barrier coatings. Prog Mater Sci. 2001;46(5):505–553.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans AG, Clarke DR, Levi CG. The influence of oxides on the performance of advanced gas turbines. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2008;28:1405–1419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke DR, Levi CG. Materials design for the next generation thermal barrier coatings. Annu Rev Mater Res. 2003;33:383–417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levi CG. Emerging materials and processes for thermal barrier systems. Curr Opin Solid State and Mater Sci. 2004;8:77–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaßen R, Jarligo MO, Steinke T, et al. Overview on advanced thermal barrier coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 2010;205:938–942.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruud JA, Bartz A, Borom MP, et al. Strength degradation and failure mechanisms of electron-beam physical-vapor-deposited thermal barrier coatings. J Am Ceram Soc. 2001;84:1545–1552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu T, Faulhaber S, Mercer C, et al. Observations and analyses of failure mechanisms in thermal barrier systems with two phase bond coats based on NiCoCrAlY. Acta Mater. 2004;52:1439–1450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrico JM, Begley MR, Jordan EH. Stress and shape evolution of irregularities in oxide films on elastic-plastic substrates due to thermal cycling and film growth. Acta Mater. 2001;49:1577–1588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumm DR, Watanabe M, Evans AG, et al. The influence of test method on failure mechanisms and durability of a thermal barrier system. Acta Mater. 2004;52:1123–1131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolpygo VK, Clarke DR. Surface rumpling of a (Ni, Pt)Al bond coat induced by cyclic oxidation. Acta Mater. 2000;48:3283–3293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson AM, Hutchinson JW, Evans AG. A fundamental model of cyclic instabilities in thermal barrier systems. J Mech Phys Solids. 2002;50:1565–1589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu T, He MY, Evans AG. A numerical assessment of the durability of thermal barrier systems that fail by ratcheting of the thermally grown oxide. Acta Mater. 2003;51:3807–3820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholls JR, Deakin MJ, Rickerby DS. A comparison between the erosion behaviour of thermal spray and electron beam physical vapour deposition thermal barrier coatings. Wear. 1999;233–235:352–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellman RG, Nicholls JR. Some observations on erosion mechanisms of EB PVD TBCS. Wear. 2000;242:89–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce RW. Development of 1232°C (2250°F) erosion and impact tests for thermal barrier coatings. Tribol Trans. 1998;41:399–410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, He MY, Spitsberg I, et al. Mechanisms governing the high temperature erosion of thermal barrier coatings. Wear. 2004;256:735–746.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz U, Leyens C, Fritscher K, et al. Some recent trends in research and technology of advanced thermal barrier coatings. Aerosp Sci Technol. 2003;7:73–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stott FH, Wood GC. Growth and adhesion of oxide scales on Al2O3 forming alloys and coatings. Mater Sci Eng. 1987;87:267–274.
   Google Scholar
• Tolpygo VK. Microstructural evidence for counter-diffusion of aluminum and oxygen during the growth of alumina scales. Mater High Temp. 2003;20:261–271.
   Google Scholar
• Shillington EAG, Clarke DR. Spalling failure of a thermal barrier coating associated with aluminium depletion in the bond-coat. Acta Mater. 1999;47(4):1297–1305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee EY, Biederman RR, Sisson RD. Diffusional interactions and reactions between a partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coating and the NiCrAlY bond coat. Mater Sci Eng A. 1989;120–121, 2:467–473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumm DR, Evans AG. On the role of imperfections in the failure of a thermal barrier coating made by electron beam deposition. Acta Mater. 2000;48:1815–1827.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gell M, Jordan E, Vaidyanathan K, et al. Bond strength, bond stress and spallation mechanisms of thermal barrier coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 1999;120–121:53–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke DR, Pompe W. Critical radius for interface separation of a compressively stressed film from a rough surface. Acta Mater. 1999;47(6):1749–1756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke DR, Christensen RJ, Tolpygo VK. The evolution of oxidation stresses in zirconia thermal barrier coated superalloy leading to spalting failure. Surf Coat Technol. 1997;94–95:89–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolpygo VK, Clarke DR. Wrinkling of (-alumina films grown by oxidation – II. oxide separation and failure. Acta Mater. 1998;46(14):5167–5174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans AG, Fleck NA, Faulhaber S, et al. Scaling laws governing the erosion and impact resistance of thermal barrier coatings. Wear. 2006;260:886–894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang GC, Phucharoen WA, Miller RA. Coating morphologies of supersonic plasma-sprayed stabilized zirconium oxides. Surf Coat Technol. 1987;30:29–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng J, Jordan EH, Barber B, et al. Thermal/residual stress in an electron beam physical vapor deposited thermal barrier coating system. Acta Mater. 1998;46:5839–5850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freborg AM, Ferguson BL, Brindley WJ, et al. Modeling oxidation induced stresses in thermal barrier coatings. Mater Sci Eng A. 1998;245:182–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson AM, Evans AG. A numerical model for the cyclic instability of thermally grown oxides in thermal barrier systems. Acta Mater. 2001;49:1793–1804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson DJ, Nicholls JR. Modelling the influence of surface oxidation on high temperature erosion wear. Wear. 1995;186–187:284–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellman RG, Nicholls JR. High temperature erosion-oxidation mechanisms, maps and models. Wear. 2004;256(9–10):907–917.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijdam TJ, Sloof WG. Combined pre-annealing and pre-oxidation treatment for processing of thermal barrier cotings on NiCoCrAlY bond coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 2006;201:3894–3900.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao W. Kinetics of self-healing reaction in TBC with MoSi2 based sacrificial particles, PhD thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology, 2013, 153.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Julian J, Go T, Mack DE, et al. Thermal cycling testing of TBCs on Cr2AlC MAX phase substrates. Surf Coat Technol. 2018;340:17–24..
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hass DD, Slifka AJ, Wadley HNG. Low thermal conductivity vapour deposited zirconia microstructures. Acta Mater. 2001;49:973–983.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlichting KW, Padture NP, Klemens PG. Thermal conductivity of dense and porous yttria-stabilized zirconia. J Mater Sci. 2001;36:3003–3010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady MP, Tortorelli PF, More KL, et al. Coating and near-surface modification design strategies for protective and Functional surfaces. Mater Corros. 2005;56(11):748–755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajendran R. Gas turbine coatings – an overview. Eng Fail Anal. 2012;26:355–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rott M, Igenbergs E, Baur H, et al. Domestic object damage investigations on turbine blade material. Int J Impact Eng. 2001;26:651–662.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Dunn MG, Baran AJ, et al. Deposition of volcanic materials in the hot sections of two gas turbine engines. J Eng Gas Turb Power. 1993;115:641–651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WR, Zhao LR. Review – volcanic ash and its influence on aircraft engine components. Procedia Eng. 2015;99:795–803.
   Google Scholar
• Xia J, Yang L, Wu RT, et al. On the resistance of rare earth oxide-doped YSZ to high temperature volcanic ash attack. Surf Coat Technol. 2016;307:534–541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrell P, Taylor R. Thermal diffusivity of thermal barrier coating of ZrO2 stabilized with Y2O3. High Temp-High Press. 1985;17:79–88.
   Google Scholar
• Klemens PG. Theory of thermal conductivity of nonstoichiometric oxide and carbide. High Temp-High Press. 1985;17:41–54.
   Google Scholar
• Renteria FA, Saruhan B, Schulz U, et al. Effect of morphology on thermal conductivity of EB-PVD PYSZ TBCs. Surf Coat Technol. 2006;201:2611–2620.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saruhan B, Ochrombel R, Ryukhtin V, et al. Analysis of anisotropic void system in electro physical vapour deposited (EB-PVD) thermal barrier coatings. Adv Eng Mat. 2009;11(6):488–494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz U, Fritscher K, Rätzer-Scheibe H-J, et al. Thermocyclic behaviour of microstructurally modified EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings. Mater Sci Forum. 1997;251–254:957–964.
   Google Scholar
• Nicholls JR, Lawson KJ, Johnstone A, et al. Low thermal conductivity EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings. Mater Sci Forum. 2001;369–372:595–606.
   Google Scholar
• Heydt P, Luo C, Clarke DR. Crystallographic texture and thermal conductivity of zirconia thermal barrier coatings deposited on different substrates. J Am Ceram Soc. 2001;84(7):1539–1544.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellman RG, Deakin MJ, Nicholls JR. The effect of TBC morphology on the erosion rate of EB PVD TBCs. Wear. 2005;258:349–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellman RG, Nicholls JR, Murphy K. Effect of microstructure and temperature on the erosion rates and mechanisms of modified EB PVD TBCs. Wear. 2009;267:1927–1934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C-J, Yang G-J, Ohmori A. Relationship between particle erosion and lamellar microstructure for plasma-sprayed alumina coatings. Wear. 2006;260:1166–1172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabakoff W. Investigation of coatings at high temperature for use in turbomachinery. Surf Coat Technol. 1989;39/40:97–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borom MP, Johnson CA, Peluso LA. Role of environmental deposits and operating surface temperature in spallation of air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 1996;86–87:116–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krämer S, Yang J, Levi C, et al. Thermochemical interaction of thermal barrier coatings with molten CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS) deposits. J Am Ceram Soc. 2006;89(10):3167–3175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer C, Faulhaber S, Evans AG, et al. A delamination mechanism for thermal barrier coatings subject to calcium-magnesiumalumino- silicate (CMAS) infiltration. Acta Mater. 2005;53:1029–1039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mechnich P, Braue W, Schulz U. High-temperature corrosion of EB-PVD yttria partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings with an artificial volcanic ash overlay. J Am Ceram Soc. 2011;94(3):925–931.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aw LM, Amendola R, Ryter JW, et al. Investigation of Na2SO4 deposit induced corrosion of Cr, Al, C binary and ternary thin film coatings on Ni-201. J Electrochem Soc 2017;164(6):C218–C223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar