School social segregation and social inequalities in political engagement among 16 to 20 year olds in fourteen countries

References

• Achen, C. H. 2002. “Parental Socialization and Rational Party Identification.” Political Behavior 24 (2): 151–170. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021278208671.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achen, C. H., and A. Blais 2010. “Intention to Vote, Reported Vote and Validated Vote.” Paper presented at the APSA 2010 Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, R., and A. West. 2009. “Religious Schools in London: School Admissions, Religious Composition and Selectivity.” Oxford Review of Education 35 (4): 471–494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison. 2012. Handling Missing Data by Maximum Likelihood. Paper 312–2012. Statistical Horizons Working Paper Series, Haverford, PA, USA . .statisticalhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/MissingDataByML.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Amadeo, J., J. Torney-Purta, R. Lehmann, V. Husfeldt, and R. Nikolova. 2002. Political Knowledge and Engagement: An IEA Study of Upper Secondary Students in Sixteen Countries. Amsterdam: IEA.
   Google Scholar
• Armingeon, K., and L. Schädel. 2015. “Social Inequality in Political Participation: The Dark Sides of Individualisation.” West European Politics 31 (1): 1–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartels, L. M. 2008. Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, P. A., and K. M. Jennings. 1982. “Pathways to Participation.” American Political Science Review 76: 94–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belfi, B., C. Haelermans, and B. De Fraine. 2016. “The Long-term Differential Achievement Effects of School Socioeconomic Composition in Primary Education: A Propensity Score Matching Approach.” British Journal of Educational Psychology 86 (4): 501–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Porath, S. 2013. “Deferring Virtue: The New Management of Students and the Political Role of Schools.” School Field 11 (2): 111–128.
   Google Scholar
• Bischoff, K. 2016. “The Political Effects of Schools: Theory and Empirics.” Theory and Research in Education 14 (1): 91–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady, H. E., S. Verba, and K. L. Schlozman. 1995. “Beyond SES: A Re- Source Model of Political Participation.” American Political Science Review 89: 271–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandén, M., and M. Bygren. 2018. “School Choice and School Segregation: Lessons from Sweden’s School Voucher System.” In The IAS Working Paper Series, 42. Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brinbaum, Y., and A. Heath. 2014. “Academic and Vocational Tracking in Upper Secondary Education.” In Unequal Attainments: Ethnic Educational Inequalities in Ten Western Countries, edited by A. Heath and Y, 119–148. Brinbaum. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Buchmann, C. 2002. “Measuring Family Background in International Studies of Education: Conceptual Issues and Methodological Challenges.” In Methodological Advances in Cross-National Surveys of Educational Achievement, edited by A. C. Porter and A. Gamoran, 150–197. Washington D.C: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, D. E. 2007. “Sticking Together: Classroom Diversity and Political Education.” American Politics Research 35 (1): 57–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, J. S. 1966. Equality of Educational Opportunity. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Condon, M. 2007. “Practice Makes Participants: Developmental Roots of Political Engagement.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Dalton, R. J. 2017. The Participation Gap: Social Status and Political Inequality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Delli Carpini, M., and S. Keeter. 1996. What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Duncan, G. J., and S. W. Raudenbusch. 1999. “Assessing the Effects of Context in Studies of Child and Youth Development.” Educational Psychologist 34: 29–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, O. D., and B. Duncan. 1955. “A Methodological Analysis of Segregation Indexes.” American Sociological Review 20 (2): 210–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehman, L. H. 1980. “The American School in the Political Socialization Process.” Review of Educational Research 5099-1: 19.
   Google Scholar
• Eidhof, B. 2016. “Influencing Youth Citizenship.” PhD Thesis. University of Amsterdam; Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Ekman, J., and E. Amna°. 2012. “Political Participation and Political Engagement: Towards a New Typology.” Human Affairs 22: 283–300.
   Google Scholar
• Emler, N., and E. Frazer. 1999. “Politics: The Education Effect.” Oxford Review of Education 25 (1 and 2): 271–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanagan, C., and P. Levine. 2010. “Political Engagement and the Transition to Adulthood.” The Future of Children 20 (1): 159–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanagan, C. A., and L. R. Sherrod. 1998. “Youth Political Development: An Introduction.” Journal of Social Issues 54 (3): 447–456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsberg, Å. (2011) “People Do Believe You if You Can Talk”: Teaching Arranged to Stimulate Deliberation on Vocational Programmes at Upper Secondary School. Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad.
   Google Scholar
• Gainous, J., and A. M. Martens. 2012. “The Effectiveness of Political Education: Are “Good” Teachers Actually Good for Students?” American Politics Research 40 (2): 232–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galston, W. 2001. “Political Knowledge, Political Engagement and Political Education.” Annual Review of Political Science 4: 217–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, A., J. Preston, and J. G. Janmaat. 2006. Education, Equality and Social Cohesion: A Comparative Analysis. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Hallinan, M. T. 1994. “Tracking: From Theory to Practice.” Sociology of Education 67: 79–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, M., and B. Wilkenfield. 2008. “The Stability of Political Attitudes and Behaviors across Adolescence and Early Childhood.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 37: 155–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoskins, B., and J. G. Janmaat. 2016. “Educational Trajectories and Inequalities of Political Engagement among Adolescents in England.” Social Science Research 56: 73–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchens, R. M. 2004. “One Measure of Segregation.” International Economic Review 45 (2): 555‐578.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyland, N. E. 2006. “Detracking in the Social Studies: A Path to A More Democratic Education?” Theory Into Practice 45 (1): 64–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichilov, O. 1988. “Family Politicization and Adolescents’ Citizenship Orientations.” Political Psychology 9: 431–444.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichilov, O. 1991. “Political Socialization and Schooling Effects among Israeli Adolescents.” Comparative Education Review 35: 430–446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglehart, R. 1990. Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Societies. Princeton: Princeton UP.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobsen, R., E. Frankenberg, and S. W. Lenhoff. 2012. “Diverse Schools in a Democratic Society: New Ways of Understanding How School Demographics Affect Political and Political Learning.” American Educational Research Journal 49 (5): 812–843.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janmaat, J. G. 2011. “Ability Grouping, Segregation and Political Competences among Adolescents.” International Sociology 26 (4): 455–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janmaat, J. G., and N. Mons. 2011. “Promoting Ethnic Tolerance and Patriotism: The Role of Education System Characteristics.” Comparative Education Review 55 (1):,LV 56–81.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, S. P., J. Micklewright, and S. V. Schnepf. 2008. “Social Segregation in Secondary Schools: How Does England Compare with Other Countries.” Oxford Review of Education 34 (1): 21–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings, M. K., and L. Stoker. 2004. “Social Trust and Political Engagement across Time and Generations.” Acta Politica 39: 342–379.
   Google Scholar
• Kahne, J., and E. Middaugh 2008. “Democracy for Some: The Political Opportunity Gap in High School.” Circle Working Paper 59. Centre for Information and Research on Political Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE), Tisch College, Medford, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Kam, C. D., and C. L. Palmer. 2008. “Reconsidering the Effects of Education on Political Participation.” Journal of Politics 70 (3): 612–631.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keating, A., A. Green, J. Janmaat, and Germen. 2015. “Young Adults and Politics Today: Disengaged and Disaffected or Engaged and Enraged? The Latest Findings from the Citizenship Education Longitudinal Study (CELS).” Working paper.
   Google Scholar
• Langton, K. P. 1969. Political Socialization. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lauglo, J. 2010. Do Private Schools Increase Social Class Segregation in Basic Education Schools in Norway? LLAKES Research Paper 6. London: Institute of Education.
   Google Scholar
• Lauglo, J. 2016. “Does Political Socialization at Home Boost Adolescents’ Expectation of Higher Education? An Analysis of Eighth-grade Students in 35 Countries.” Comparative Education Review 60 (3): 429–456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichterman, P. 1996. The Search for Political Community: American Activists Reinventing Commitment. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, H., J. Van Damme, S. Gielen, and W. Van Den Noortgate. 2015. “School Processes Mediate School Compositional Effects: Model Specification and Estimation.” British Educational Research Journal 41 (3): 423–447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loveless, T. 1999. “Will Tracking Reform Promote Social Equity?” Educational Leadership 56: 28–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarland, D. A., and C. Starmanns. 2009. “Inside Student Government: The Variable Quality of High School Student Councils.” Teachers College Record 111: 27–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthen, L. K., and B. O. Muthen. 1998-2012. Mplus User’s Guide. 5th ed. Los Angeles, CA: Authors.
   Google Scholar
• Mutz, D. 2002. “The Consequences of Cross-Cutting Networks for Political Participation.” American Journal of Political Science 46 (4): 838–855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemi, R., and J. Junn. 1998. Political Education: What Makes Students Learn. Yale: Yale university press.
   Google Scholar
• Oberti, M. 2012. https://booksandideas.net/Two-cities-with-School-Segregation.html
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2001. Knowledge and Skills for Life: First Results from PISA 2000. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Palardy, G. J. 2008. “Differential School Effects among Low, Middle, and High Social Class Composition Schools: A Multilevel, Multiple Group Latent Growth Curve Analysis.” School Effectiveness and School Improvement 19: 21–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson, M. 2012. “Does Type of Education Affect Political Participation? Results from a Panel Survey of Swedish Adolescents.” Scandinavian Political Studies 35 (3): 198–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner, D. 2004. “Measuring Ethnic Fractionalisation in Africa.” American Journal of Political Science 48 (4): 849–863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quintelier, E. 2007. Differences in political participation between young and old people: A representative study of the differences in political participation between young and old people. Contemporary Politics 13 (2): 165–180. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13569770701562658
   Google Scholar
• Quintelier, E., and A. Blais. 2015. “Intended and Reported Political Participation.” International Journal of Public Opinion 28 (1): 117–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon, S. F. 2008. Measures of ordinal segregation. WORKING PAPER #: 2008-11. Stanford University.
   Google Scholar
• Schafer, J. L., and J. W. Graham. 2002. “Missing Data: Our View of the State of the Art.” Psychological Methods 7: 147–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz, W., J. Ainly, J. Fraillon, D. Kerr, and B. Losito. 2010. ICCS 2009 International Report: The Political Knowledge, Attitudes and Engagement among Lower Secondary School Students in 38 Countries. Amsterdam: IEA.
   Google Scholar
• Sibberns, H., and P. Foy. 2004. “Weighting Procedures.” In IEA Political Education Study: Technical Report, edited by W. Schulz and H. Sibberns, 61–68. Amsterdam: IEA.
   Google Scholar
• Snijders, T., and R. J. Bosker. 1999. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modelling. London: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Sohl, S., and C. Arensmeier. 2015. “The School’s Role in Youths’ Political Efficacy: Can School Provide a Compensatory Boost to Students’ Political Efficacy?” Research Papers in Education 30 (2): 133–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, L., and K. C. Monahan. 2007. “Age Differences in Resistance to Peer Influence.” Developmental Psychology 43 (6): 1531–1543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, L., and S. Silverberg. 1986. “The Vicissitudes of Autonomy in Early Adolescence.” Child Development 57: 841–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Werfhorst, H. 2007. “Vocational Education and Active Citizenship Behavior in Cross-National Perspective.” AIAS Working Paper Number 2007/62. http://www.uva-aias.net/uploaded_files/publications/WP62.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Van de Werfhorst, H. G. 2017. “Vocational and Academic Education and Political Engagement: The Importance of the Educational Institutional Structure.” Comparative Education Review 61 (1): 111–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ewijk, R., and P. Sleegers. 2010. “The Effects of Peer Socioeconomic Status on Student Achievement: A Meta-analysis.” Educational Research Review 5: 134–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verba, S., K. Lehman Schlozman, and H. E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Political Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vigdor, J., and T. Nechyba. 2007. “Peer Effects in North Carolina Public Schools.” In Schools and the Equal Opportunity Problem, edited by L. Woessman and P. E. Peterson, 73–102. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkenfeld, B. 2009a. Does context matter? How the family, peer, school and neighbourhood contexts relate to adolescents’ Political Engagement (CIRCLE Working Paper 64). Medford, MA: Tufts University, CIRCLE.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkenfeld, B. 2009b. “A Multilevel Analysis of Context Effects on Adolescent Political Engagement: The Role of Family, Peers, School, and Neighborhood.” Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
   Google Scholar
• Willis, P. 1977. Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Willms, J. D. 2010. “School Composition and Contextual Effects on Student Outcomes.” Teachers College Record 112: 1008–1037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar