Evolution of ‘whole institution’ approaches to improving health in tertiary education settings: a critical scoping review

References (** asterisks identify publications included in the review)

• Ahern, P. 2007. “Stockport Healthy College Standard: An Audit Tool for Every Child Matters.” Education & Health 25 (4): 6. **
   Google Scholar
• American College Health Association. 2018.“Healthy Campus.” . https://www.acha.org/HealthyCampus (accessed October 2020). **
   Google Scholar
• Arksey, H., and L. O’Malley. 2005. “Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8 (1): 19–32. doi:10.1080/1364557032000119616.
   Google Scholar
• Balding, A. 2007. “Support for Healthy Colleges.” Education & Health 25 (4): 2. **
   Google Scholar
• Beattie, A. 1998. “Action Learning for Health on Campus: Muddling through with a Model? University College of St Martin, Lancaster.” In Health Promoting Universities: Concept, Experience and Framework for Action, edited by, A. D. Tsouros, G. Dowding, J. Thompson, and M. Dooris, 45–56. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. **
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, L. M., and H. Gadlin. 2012. “Collaboration and Team Science: From Theory to Practice.” Journal of Investigative Medicine 60 (5): 768–775. doi:10.2310/JIM.0b013e318250871d.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch, K. 2006. “Kirklees Healthy College Standard.” Education and Health 24 (4): 52. **
   Google Scholar
• Black, T. 2018. “Designing Healthy and Supportive Campus Communities: An Example from Simon Fraser University.” In Cyberbullying at University in International Contexts, edited by, W. Cassidy, C. Faucher, and M. Jackson, 162–167. New York: Routledge.**
   Google Scholar
• Broglia, E., A. Millings, and M. Barkham. 2018. “Challenges to Addressing Student Mental Health in Embedded Counselling Services: A Survey of Uk Higher and Further Education Institutions.” British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 46 (4): 441–455. doi:10.1080/03069885.2017.1370695.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce, G. 1993. “Implementing a University Campus Wellness Model.” American Association of Occupational Health Nurses Journal 41 (3): 120–123. **
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brucks, L., S. Majid, and N. Parlin. 2017. “Aligning CSUSM with Healthy Campus 2020: A Qualitative Needs Assessment.” Master of Public Health dissertation, California State University, San Marcos. **
   Google Scholar
• Budgen, C., M. Fedderson, K. Sullivan, I. Cull, N. Mchugh, M. Fedderson, K. Sullivan, et al. 2011. “Creating a Healthier Campus Community Using Action Research and Health Promotion Strategies: Students and Organizational Leaders as Partners.” International Journal of Health, Wellness and Society 1 (3): 155–176. doi:10.18848/2156-8960/CGP/v01i03/41183.
   Google Scholar
• Burwell, C., L. Dewald, and J. Grizzell. 2010. “Healthy Campus 2010: Midcourse Review.” American Journal of Health Studies 25 (2): 102–110. **
   Google Scholar
• Came, H., and K. Tudor. 2020. “The Whole and Inclusive University: A Critical Review of Health Promoting Universities from Aotearoa New Zealand.” Health Promotion International 35 (1): 102–110. doi:10.1093/heapro/day091. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadian Mental Health Association. 2020. “Healthy Minds, Healthy Campuses.” website. https://healthycampuses.ca/ (accessed October 2020). **
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Mental Health Association. 2013. Post-secondary Student Mental Health: Guide to a Systemic Approach. Vancouver, B.C.: Canadian Mental Health Association. **
   Google Scholar
• Capewell, S., and A. Capewell. 2017. “An Effectiveness Hierarchy of Preventive Interventions: Neglected Paradigm or Self-evident Truth?” Journal of Public Health 40: 350–358. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdx055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke, A., D. Smith, and A. Booth. 2012. “Beyond PICO: The SPIDER Tool for Qualitative Evidence Synthesis.” Qualitative Health Research 22 (10): 1435–1443. doi:10.1177/1049732312452938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, P., P. Dieppe, S. Macintyre, S. Michie, I. Nazareth, and M. Petticrew. 2008. “Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions: The New Medical Research Council Guidance.” British Medical Journal 337: 979–983.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doherty, S., J. Cawood, and M. Dooris. 2011. “Applying the Whole-system Settings Approach to Food within Universities.” Perspectives in Public Health 131 (5): 217–224. doi:10.1177/1757913911413344. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doherty, S., and M. Dooris. 2006. “The Healthy Settings Approach: The Growing Interest within Colleges and Universities.” Education and Health 24 (3): 42–43. **
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M. 1998. “The University as a Setting for Sustainable Health.” In Health Promoting Universities: Concept, Experience and Framework for Action, edited by, A. D. Tsouros, G. Dowding, J. Thompson, and M. Dooris, 105–119. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe. **
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M. 2001. “The ‘Health Promoting University’: A Critical Exploration of Theory and Practice.” Health Education 101 (2): 51–60. doi:10.1108/09654280110384108. **
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M. 2002. “The Health Promoting University: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Developments.” Promotion & Education 9 (1 Suppl): 20–24. doi:10.1177/10253823020090010112. **
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M. 2006. “Healthy Settings: Challenges to Generating Evidence of Effectiveness.” Health Promotion International 21 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1093/heapro/dai030. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., B. Poland, L. Kolbe, E. De Leeuw, D. Mccall, and J. Wharf-Higgins. 2007. “Healthy Settings: Building Evidence for the Effectivness of Whole System Health Promotion - Challenges and Future Directions.” In Global Perspectives on Health Promotion Effectivness, edited by D. Mcqueen and C. Jones, 327-352. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M. 2010. Healthy Universities: Introduction and Model. Preston/London: University of Central Lancashire and Royal Society of Public Health. **
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M. 2013. “Expert Voices for Change: Bridging the Silos - Towards Healthy and Sustainable Settings for the 21st Century.” Health & Place 20: 39–50. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.11.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., S. Doherty, and J. Orme. 2017. “The Application of Salutogenesis in Universities.” In The Handbook of Salutogenesis, edited by, M. B. Mittelmark, S. Sagy, M. Eriksson, G. F. Bauer, J. M. Pelikan, B. Lindström, and E. G., 237–245. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. **
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., A. Farrier, S. Doherty, M. Holt, R. Monk, and S. Powell. 2018. “The UK Healthy Universities Self-review Tool: Whole-system Impact.” Health Promotion International 33: 448–457. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., A. Farrier, S. Powell, and M. Holt. 2019. “Whole System Approaches in Higher Education: An Evaluation of the UK Healthy Universities Network.” Health Education 119 (4): 246–258. doi:10.1108/HE-02-2019-0010. **
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., J. Cawood, S. Doherty, and S. Powell. 2010. Healthy Universities: Concept, Model and Framework for Applying the Healthy Settings Approach within Higher Education in England. Preston/London: University of Central Lancashire, Royal Society for Public Health. **
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., J. Wills, and J. Newton. 2014. “Theorizing Healthy Settings: A Critical Discussion with Reference to Healthy Universities.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 42 (15_suppl): 7–16. doi:10.1177/1403494814544495. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., and S. Doherty. 2008. English Healthy Universities Network: Framework for Action. Preston: Healthy Settings Development Unit, University of Central Lancashire. **
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., and S. Doherty. 2009. National Research and Development Project on Healthy Universities. London: Higher Education Authority Health Sciences and Practice Subject Centre. **
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., and S. Doherty. 2010a. “Healthy Universities – time for Action: A Qualitative Research Study Exploring the Potential for A National Programme.” Health Promotion International 25 (1): 94–106. doi:10.1093/heapro/daq015. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., and S. Doherty. 2010b. “Healthy Universities: Current Activity and Future Directions – findings and Reflections from a National-level Qualitative Research Study.” Global Health Promotion 17 (3): 6–16. doi:10.1177/1757975910375165. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., and S. Powell. 2012. “Developing Leadership and Governance for Healthy Universities: Final Report.” Preston, Manchester, Bristol: University of Central Lancashire, Manchester Metropolitan University, Higher Education Funding Council for England. **
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., S. Powell, and A. Farrier. 2020. “Conceptualizing the ‘Whole University’ Approach: An International Qualitative Study.” Health Promotion International 35 (4): 730–740. doi:10.1093/heapro/daz072. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowding, G., and J. Thompson. 1998. “Embracing Organizational Development for Health Promotion in Higher Education: Lancaster University.” In Health Promoting Universities: Concept, Experience and Framework for Action, edited by, A. D. Tsouros, G. Dowding, J. Thompson, and M. Dooris, 77–94. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe. **
   Google Scholar
• Drum, D. J., and A. B. Denmark. 2012. “Campus Suicide Prevention: Bridging Paradigms and Forging Partnerships.” Harvard Review of Psychiatry 20 (4): 209–221. doi:10.3109/10673229.2012.712841. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabiano, P., and P. L. Swinford. 2004. “Serving Higher Education Communities with Health Promotion.” American Journal of Health Promotion 18 (5): 6–7. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez, A., E. Howse, M. Rubio-Valera, K. Thorncraft, J. Noone, X. Luu, B. Veness, M. Leech, G. Llewellyn, and L. Salvador-Carulla. 2016. “Setting-based Interventions to Promote Mental Health at the University: A Systematic Review.” International Journal of Public Health 61 (7): 797–807. doi:10.1007/s00038-016-0846-4. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, F. M. P. B., I. S. Brito, and M. R. Santos. 2018. “Health Promotion Programs in Higher Education: Integrative Review of the Literature.” Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem 41: 1714–1723. doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0693 **
   Google Scholar
• Filkowski, M. B. 2008. “Leadership for Campus Mental Wellness.” Doctor of Education dissertation, University of Washington. **
   Google Scholar
• Frieden, T. 2010. “A Framework for Public Health Action: The Health Impact Pyramid.” American Journal of Public Health 100 (4): 590–595. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.185652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gale, J., and M. Thalitaya. 2015. “Mental Health Support Service for University Students.” Psychiatria Danubina 27 (Suppl 1): S15–119.
   Google Scholar
• Glazer, W. M. 1979. “General Systems Theory and College Mental Health Professionals.” Journal of American College Health Association 27 (4): 200–204. doi:10.1080/01644300.1979.10392859. **
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon, K. 1995. “College Health in the National Blueprint for a Healthy Campus 2000.” Journal of American College Health 43 (6): 273–275. doi:10.1080/07448481.1995.9940904. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas, J., M. Baber, N. Byrom, L. Meade, and K. Nouri-Aria. 2018. “Changes in Student Physical Health Behaviour: An Opportunity to Turn the Concept of a Healthy University into a Reality.” Perspectives in Public Health 138 (6): 316–324. doi:10.1177/1757913918792580. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington, S. 2016. ““America’s Healthiest Campus”: The OSU Well-being Strategy Model.” American Journal of Health Promotion 30 (3): TAHP2–4. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman, C. L., K. E. Evans, R. J. Barcelona, and R. S. Brookover. 2018. “Constraints and Facilitators to Developing Collaborative Campus Wellness Partnerships.” Recreational Sports Journal 42 (2): 130–144. doi:10.1123/rsj.2017-0030. **
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewitt, K. 1976. The Whole College Catalog about Drinking: A Guide to Alcohol Abuse Prevention. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute on Alcohol, Abuse and Alcoholism. **
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, T., P. Glasziou, I. Boutron, R. Milne, R. Perera, D. Moher, D. Altman, et al. 2014. “Better Reporting of Interventions: Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) Checklist and Guide.” BMJ 348 (mar07 3): g1687. doi:10.1136/bmj.g1687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt, M., R. Monk, S. Powell, and M. Dooris. 2015. “Student Perceptions of a Healthy University.” Public Health 129 (6): 674–683. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2015.03.020. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt, M., and S. Powell. 2017. “Healthy Universities: A Guiding Framework for Universities to Examine the Distinctive Health Needs of Its Own Student Population.” Perspectives in Public Health 137 (1): 53–58. doi:10.1177/1757913916659095. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horacek, T., M. Simon, E. Yildirim, A. White, K. Shelnutt, K. Riggsbee, M. Olfert, et al. 2019. “Development and Validation of the Policies, Opportunities, Initiatives and Notable Topics (POINTS) Audit for Campuses and Worksites.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16 (5): 778. doi:10.3390/ijerph16050778. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Innstrand, S., and M. Christensen. 2020. “Healthy Universities. The Development and Implementation of a Holistic Health Promotion Intervention Programme Especially Adapted for Staff Working in the Higher Educational Sector: The ARK Study.” Global Health Promotion 27 (1): 68–76. doi:10.1177/1757975918786877. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Conference on Health Promoting Universities and Colleges/VII International Congress. 2015. Okanagan Charter: An International Charter for Health Promoting Universities and Colleges. Kelowna, B.C. **
   Google Scholar
• Jack, O., E. Chase, and I. Warwick. 2019. “Higher Education as a Space for Promoting the Psychosocial Well-being of Refugee Students.” Health Education Journal 78 (1): 51–66. doi:10.1177/0017896918792588. **
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, M. L., and H. M. Weinstein. 1997. “The Importance of Healthy Communities of Higher Education.” Journal of American College Health 45 (6): 237–241. doi:10.1080/07448481.1997.9936893. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, K. 2003. A Health Promoting College for 16-19 Year Old Learners. Leicester: National Institute of Adult Continuing Education. **
   Google Scholar
• Keshavarz, N., D. Nutbeam, L. Rowling, and F. Khavarpour. 2010. “Schools as Social Complex Adaptive Systems: A New Way to Understand the Challenges of Introducing the Health Promoting Schools Concept.” Social Science & Medicine 70 (10): 1467–1474. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight, A., and V. La Placa. 2013. “Healthy Universities: Taking the University of Greenwich Healthy Universities Inititive Forward.” International Journal of Health Promotion and Education 51 (1): 41–49. doi:10.1080/14635240.2012.738877. **
   Google Scholar
• Langford, R., C. Bonell, H. Jones, T. Pouliou, S. Murphy, E. Waters, K. Komro, L. Gibbs, D. Magnus, and R. Campbell. 2015. “The World Health Organization’s Health Promoting Schools Framework: A Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” BMC Public Health 15 (1): 130. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1360-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lederer, A. M., and S. B. Oswalt. 2017. “The Value of College Health Promotion: A Critical Population and Setting for Improving the Public’s Health.” American Journal of Health Education 48 (4): 215–218. doi:10.1080/19325037.2017.1316692. **
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. A., T. M. Fitzgerald, B. Zulkiewicz, S. Peinado, and P. A. Williams. 2017. “Identifying Synergies in Multilevel Interventions: The Convergence Strategy.” Health Education & Behavior 44 (2): 236–244. doi:10.1177/1090198116673994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C., S. Pinder-Amaker, H. Hahm, and J. Chen. 2020. “Priorities for Addressing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on College Student Mental Health.” Journal of American College Health 1–3. doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1803882.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, J. 2007. “Bradford College - a Healthy College.” Education & Health 25 (4): 16 **
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, J., and H. Stylianou. 2010. A Practical Guide to Becoming A Healthy College. Bradford: Bradford College. **
   Google Scholar
• Mays, N., E. Roberts, and J. Popay. 2001. “Synthesising Research Evidence.” In Studying the Organization and Delivery of Health Services: Research Methods, edited by N. Fulop, P. Allen, A. Clark, and N. Black, 188–220. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mcleroy, K. R., D. Bibeau, A. Steckler, and K. Glanz. 1988. “An Ecological Perspective on Health Promotion Programs.” Health Education Quarterly 15 (4): 351–377. doi:10.1177/109019818801500401.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meier, S., C. Stock, and A. Krämer. 2007. “The Contribution of Health Discussion Groups with Students to Campus Health Promotion.” Health Promotion International 22 (1): 28–36. doi:10.1093/heapro/dal041. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendenhall, T., H. Whipple, P. Harper, and S. Haas. 2008. “Students against Nicotine and Tobacco Addiction (SANTA): Community-based Participatory Research in a High-risk Young Adult Population.” Families, Systems and Health 26 (2): 225–231. doi:10.1037/1091-7527.26.2.225. **
   Google Scholar
• Mendenhall, T., P. Harper, H. Stephenson, and G. Santo Haas. 2011. “The SANTA Project (Students against Nicotine and Tobacco Addiction): Using Community-based Participatory Research to Reduce Smoking in a High-risk Young Adult Population.” Action Research 9 (2): 199–213. doi:10.1177/1476750310388051. **
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendenhall, T., P. G. Harper, L. Henn, K. D. Rudser, and B. P. Schoeller. 2014. “Community-based Participatory Research to Decrease Smoking Prevalence in a High-risk Young Adult Population: An Evaluation of the Students against Nicotine and Tobacco Addiction (SANTA) Project.” Families, Systems, & Health 32 (1): 78–88. doi:10.1037/fsh0000003. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, E. 2017. “Responding to the Needs of Students with Mental Health Difficulties in Higher Education: An Irish Perspective.” European Journal of Special Needs Education 32 (1): 110–124. doi:10.1080/08856257.2016.1254966. **
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Association of Student Personnel Administrators (NASPA). 2004. Leadership for a Healthy Campus: An Ecological Approach for Student Success. Washington, D.C.: National Association of Student Personnel Administrators (NASPA). **
   Google Scholar
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 2019. Planning Alcohol Interventions Using NIAAA’s CollegeAIM` Alcohol Intervention Matrix. Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. **
   Google Scholar
• Newton, J. 2014. “Can a University Be a ‘Healthy University’? An Analysis of the Concept and an Exploration of Its Operationalisation through Two Case Studies.” PhD thesis, London South Bank University. **
   Google Scholar
• Newton, J., M. Dooris, and J. Wills. 2016. “Healthy Universities: An Example of a Whole-system Health-promoting Setting.” Global Health Promotion 23 (1_suppl): 57–65. doi:10.1177/1757975915601037. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Cathain, A., L. Croot, E. Duncan, N. Rousseau, K. Sworn, K. M. Turner, L. Yardley, and P. Hoddinott. 2019. “Guidance on How to Develop Complex Interventions to Improve Health and Healthcare.” BMJ Open 9 (8): e029954. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donnell, T., and G. Gray. 1993. The Health Promoting College. London: Health Education Authority. **
   Google Scholar
• Orme, J., and M. Dooris. 2010. “Integrating Health and Sustainability: The Higher Education Sector as a Timely Catalyst.” Health Education Research 25 (3): 425–437. doi:10.1093/her/cyq020. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partnership for a Healthier America. “Healthier Campus Initiative.” https://www.ahealthieramerica.org/articles/healthier-campus-initiative-146 (accessed October 2020). **
   Google Scholar
• Patrick, K., T. W. Grace, and C. Y. Lovato. 1992. “Health Issues for College Students.” Annual Review of Public Health 13 (1): 253–268. doi:10.1146/annurev.pu.13.050192.001345. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, P., and T. Kline. 2008. “Report on Post-secondary Institutions as Healthy Settings: The Pivotal Role of Student Services.” Victoria, B.C., Canada: Health and Learning Knowledge Centre. **
   Google Scholar
• Perlejewski, A. 2007. “Yeovil College - Our Commitment to a Better College.” Education and Health 25 (4): 18. **
   Google Scholar
• Peterken, C. 1998. “The Healthy University within a Healthy City: University of Portsmouth.” In Health Promoting Universities: Concept, Experience and Framework for Action, edited by, A. D. Tsouros, G. Dowding, J. Thompson, and M. Dooris, 95–103. Copenhagen: World Health Organsiation Regional Office for Europe. **
   Google Scholar
• Racher, F. E., K. Hyndman, J. Anonson, E. Arries, and C. Foster. 2014. “Taking the Right Action in the Right Way: A Comparison of Frameworks for Assessing the Health and Quality of Life of A Postsecondary Student Campus Community.” Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 28 (3): 228–251. doi:10.1891/1541-6577.28.3.228. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reavley, N. J., T. V. McCann, S. Cvetkovski, and A. F. Jorm. 2014a. “A Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Mental Health Literacy in Employees of A Multicampus University: A Cluster Randomised Trial.” Journal of Public Mental Health 13 (1): 25–39. doi:10.1108/JPMH-03-2013-0010. **
   Google Scholar
• Reavley, N. J., T. V. McCann, S. Cvetkovski, and A. F. Jorm. 2014b. “A Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Mental Health Literacy in Students of A Multicampus University: A Cluster Randomised Trial.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 49 (10): 1655–1666. doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0880-6. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reger, B., K. Williams, M. Kolar, H. Smith, and J. Douglas. 2002. “Implementing University-based Wellness: A Participatory Planning Approach.” Health Promotion Practice 3 (4): 507–514. doi:10.1177/152483902236721. **
   Google Scholar
• Reis, M., L. Ramiro, D. Gomez-Baya, and M. G. De Matos. 2018. “The Promotion of Healthy Universities: A Systematic Review.” CPQ Women and Child Health 1 (3): 1–15. **
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, P. J. 2008. “Using Programme Theory to Evaluate Complicated and Complex Aspects of Interventions.” Evaluation 14 (1): 29–48. doi:10.1177/1356389007084674.
   Google Scholar
• Sarmiento, J. P. 2017. “Healthy Universities: Mapping Health-promotion Interventions.” Health Education 117 (2): 162–175. doi:10.1108/HE-07-2016-0028. **
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Second International Conference for Health Promoting Universities. 2006. The Edmonton Charter for Health Promoting Universities and Institutions of Higher Education. University of Alberta: Edmonton. **
   Google Scholar
• Shah, M., C. S. Nair, and J. T. E. Richardson. 2017. Measuring and Enhancing the Student Experience. Chandos Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Shareck, M., K. Frohlich, and B. Poland. 2013. “Reducing Social Inequities in Health through Settings-related Interventions - a Conceptual Framework.” Global Health Promotion 20 (2): 39–52. doi:10.1177/1757975913486686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirakamon, S., R. Chontawan, T. Akkadechanun, and S. Turale. 2011. “Factors Influencing the Development of a Thai Health-promoting Faculty of Nursing: An Ethnographic Exploration.” Nursing & Health Sciences 13 (4): 447–456. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2011.00655.x. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirakamon, S., R. Chontawan, T. Akkadechanun, and S. Turale. 2017. “An Ethnography of Health-promoting Faculty in a Thailand University.” Health Promotion International 32 (1): 44–52. doi:10.1093/heapro/dat083. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirakamon, S., W. Kunaviktikul, R. Chontawan, and D. L. Skillen. 2006. “Policy Related to Health Promotion at Chiang Mai University: Administrator Views.” Chiang Mai Medical Bulletin 45 (2): 65–77. **
   Google Scholar
• Sowers, M. F., S. Colby, G. W. Greene, M. Pickett, L. Franzen-Castle, M. D. Olfert, K. Shelnutt, O. Brown, T. M. Horacek, and T. Kidd. 2017. “Survey Development to Assess College Students’ Perceptions of the Campus Environment.” American Journal of Health Behavior 41 (6): 701–709. doi:10.5993/AJHB.41.6.4. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stock, C., J. Mcalaney, C. Pischke, B. Vriesacker, G. Van Hal, Y. Akvardar, O. Orosova, O. Kalina, F. Guillen-Grima, and B. M. Bewick. 2014. “Student Estimations of Peer Alcohol Consumption: Links between the Social Norms Approach and the Health Promoting University Concept.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 42 (15_suppl): 52–59. doi:10.1177/1403494814545107. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stylianou, H. 2010. “A Practical Guide to Becoming A Healthy College.” Education & Health 28 (4): 75–76. **
   Google Scholar
• Suarez-Reyes, M., M. Serrano, and S. Van Den Broucke. 2019. “How Do Universities Implement the Health Promoting University Concept?” Health Promotion International 34 (5): 1014–1024. doi:10.1093/heapro/day055. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suarez-Reyes, M., and S. Van Den Broucke. 2016. “Implementing the Health Promoting University Approach in Culturally Different Contexts: A Systematic Review.” Global Health Promotion 23 (1_suppl): 46–56. doi:10.1177/1757975915623933. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, P., R. Saheb, and E. Howse. 2017. “Creating Healthier Graduates, Campuses and Communities: Why Australia Needs to Invest in Health Promoting Universities.” Health Promotion Journal of Australia 30: 285–289. doi:10.1002/hpja.175. **
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, F., and P. Aggleton. 2016. “A Confluence of Evidence: What Lies behind A “Whole School” Approach to Health Education in Schools?” Health Education 116 (2): 154–176. doi:10.1108/HE-10-2014-0091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torp, S., and H. F. Vinje. 2014. “Is Workplace Health Promotion Research in the Nordic Countries Really on the Right Track?” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 42 (Suppl 15_suppl): 74–81. doi:10.1177/1403494814545106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsouros, A. D., and G. Dowding. 1998. “A Framework for Action by A European Network of Health Promoting Universities.” In Health Promoting Universities: Concept, Experience and Framework for Action, edited by, A. D. Tsouros, G. Dowding, J. Thompson, and M. Dooris, 139–148. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. **
   Google Scholar
• Tsouros, A. D. 1998. “From the Healthy City to the Healthy University: Project Development and Networking.” In Health Promoting Universities; Concept, Experience and Framework for Action, edited by, A. D. Tsouros, G. Dowding, J. Thompson, and M. Dooris, 11–19. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. **
   Google Scholar
• Tsouros, A. D., G. Dowding, and M. Dooris. 1998. “Strategic Framework for the Health Promoting Universities Project.” In Health Promoting Universities: Concept, Experience and Framework for Action, edited by, A. D. Tsouros, G. Dowding, J. Thompson, and M. Dooris, 121–137. Copenhagen: HO Regional Office for Europe. **
   Google Scholar
• University of Central Lancashire. 2015. UCLan Healthy University Action Plan 2015-18. Preston: University of Central Lancashire. **
   Google Scholar
• University of Central Lancashire & Manchester Metropolitan University. “Healthy Universities.” https://healthyuniversities.ac.uk/ (accessed October 2020). **
   Google Scholar
• Vincent, D. 2007. “Stoke on Trent College awarded the Kirklees Healthy College Standard.„ Education & Health 25 (4): 9.
   Google Scholar
• Warwick, I., C. Maxwell, A. Simon, J. Statham, and P. Aggleton. 2006. Mental Health and Emotional Well-being of Students in Further Education - a Scoping Study. London: Thomas Coram Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.
   Google Scholar
• Warwick, I., J. Statham, and P. Aggleton. 2008. Healthy and Health Promoting Colleges - Identifying an Evidence Base. London: Thomas Coram Research Unit, University of London. **
   Google Scholar
• Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. 1973. The Ecosystem Model: Designing Campus Environments. Boulder, Colorado: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. **
   Google Scholar
• White, M. 1998. “Creating a Healthy Mdical School: University of Newcastle.” In Health Promoting Universities: Concept, Experience and Framework for Action, edited by, A. D. Tsouros, G. Dowding, J. Thompson, and M. Dooris, 57–67. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe. **
   Google Scholar
• Whitehead, D. 2004. “The Health Promoting University (HPU): The Role and Function of Nursing.” Nurse Education Today 24 (6): 466–472. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2004.05.003. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitelaw, S., A. Baxendale, C. Bryce, L. Machardy, I. Young, and E. Witney. 2001. “‘Settings’ Based Health Promotion: A Review.” Health Promotion International 16: 339–353. doi:10.1093/heapro/16.4.339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winer, J. A., F. A. Dinello, A. Pasca, and S. Weingarten. 1974. “Innovations at University Mental Health Services.” Journal of the American College Health Association 22 (4): 281–283. **
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organisation. 1986. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion: First International Conference on Health Promotion. Ottawa: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. 2018. “Global Standards for Health Promoting Schools.” Retrieved from https://www.Who.Int/publications-detail/global-standards-for-health-promoting-schools (Accessed 26 November 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Xiangyang, T., Z. Lan, M. Xueping, Z. Tao, S. Yuzhen, and M. Jagusztyn. 2003. “Beijing Health Promoting Universities: Practice and Evaluation.” Health Promotion International 18 (2): 107–113. doi:10.1093/heapro/18.2.107. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmer, C. G., M. H. Hill, and S. R. Sonnad. 2003. “A Scope-of-practice Survey Leading to the Development of Standards of Practice for Health Promotion in Higher Education.” Journal of American College Health 51 (6): 247–254. doi:10.1080/07448480309596357. **
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar