636
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Men’s consumer identities and their consumption norms in the perceived, conceived and lived spaces of spas

&
Pages 266-293 | Received 01 Feb 2019, Accepted 02 Dec 2019, Published online: 24 Dec 2019

References

  • Alesina, A., Giuliano, P., & Nunn, N. (2013). On the origins of gender roles: Women and the plough. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(2), 469–530.
  • Alreck, P. L. (1994). Commentary: A new formula for gendering products and brands. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 3(1), 6–18.
  • Avery, J. (2012). Defending the markers of masculinity: Consumer resistance to brand gender- bending. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 29(4), 322–336.
  • Bettany, S., Dobscha, S., O’Malley, L., & Prothero, A. (2010). Moving beyond binary opposition: Exploring the tapestry of gender in consumer research and marketing. Marketing Theory, 10(1), 3–28.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101.
  • Brownlie, D., & Hewer, P. (2007). Prime beef cuts: Culinary images for thinking ‘men’. Consumptions, Markets and Culture, 10(3), 229–250.
  • Burton, S., Netemeyer, R. G., & Lichtenstein, D. R. (1995). Gender differences for appearance-related attitudes and behaviours: Implications for consumer welfare. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 14(1), 60–75.
  • Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Butler, J. (2009). Performativity, precarity and sexual politics. AIBR Revista De Antropologia Iberoamericana, 4(3), 321–336. Retrieved from http://www.aibr.org/antropologia/04v03/criticos/040301b.pdf
  • Campbell, C. (1997). Shopping, pleasure and the sex war. In P. Falk & C. Campbell (Eds.), The shopping experience (pp. 166–176). London, UK: Sage.
  • Carothers, B. J., & Reis, H. T. (2013). Men and women are from Earth: Examining the latent structure of gender. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(2), 385–407.
  • Castilhos, R. B., Dolbec, P. Y., & Veresiu, E. (2016). Introducing a spatial perspective to analyze market dynamics. Marketing Theory, 16(3), 1–21.
  • Chatzidakis, A., Maclaran, P., & Bradshaw, A. (2012). Heterotopian space and the utopics of ethical and green consumption. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(3–4), 494–515.
  • Chelekis, J. A., & Figueiredo, B. (2015). Regions and archipelagos of consumer culture: A reflexive approach to analytical scales and boundaries. Marketing Theory, 15(3), 321–345.
  • Chesley, N. (2011). Stay-at-home fathers and breadwinning mothers: Gender, couple dynamics, and social change. Gender & Society, 25(5), 642–664.
  • Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2019). How can a heterosexual man remove his body hair and retain his masculinity? Mapping stories of male body hair depilation. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 16(1), 96–114.
  • Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  • Connell, R. W. (2000). The men and the boys. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  • Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). London: Sage.
  • Corlett, S., & Mavin, S. (2014). Intersectionality, identity and identity work: Shared tenets and future research agendas for gender and identity studies. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 29(5), 258–276.
  • Costa, J. A. (1994). Introduction. In J. A. Costa (Ed.), Gender issues and consumer behavior (pp. 1–10). London, UK: Sage.
  • David, M., & Sutton, C. D. (2004). Social research: The basics. London, UK: Sage.
  • Davis, R., Lang, B., & San Diego, J. (2014). How gender affects the relationship between hedonic shopping motivation and purchase intentions? Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 13(1), 18–30.
  • De Grazia, V., & Furlough, E. (1996). The sex of things: Gender and consumption in historical perspective. London, UK: University of California Press.
  • Diedrichs, P. C., Lee, C., & Kelly, M. (2011). Seeing the beauty in everyday people: A qualitative study of young Australians’ opinions on body image, the mass media and models. Body Image, 8, 259–266.
  • Dobscha, S. (2019). Introduction to the handbook of research in gender and marketing. In S. Dobscha (Ed.), The handbook of research in gender and marketing (pp. 1–7). London, UK: Edgar Publishing.
  • Featherstone, M. (2007). Consumer culture and postmodernism (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
  • Featherstone, M. (2010). Body, image and affect in consumer culture. Body & Society, 16(1), 193–221.
  • Fischer, E., & Gainer, B. (1994). Masculinity and the consumption of organized sports. In J. A. Costa (Ed.), Gender issues and consumer behavior (pp. 84–103). London, UK: Sage.
  • Gentry, J., & Harrison, R. (2010). Is advertising a barrier to male movement toward gender change. Marketing Theory, 10(1), 74–96.
  • Girdwichai, N., Chanprapaph, K., & Vachiramon, V. (2018). Behaviors and attitudes toward cosmetic treatments among men. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 11(3), 42–48.
  • Global Wellness Institute. (2018). Global wellness economy monitor. Retrieved from https://globalwellnessinstitute.org/industry-research/2018-global-wellness-economy-monitor/
  • Glover, K. (2011). Polite society and the rural resort: The meanings of Moffat spa in the eighteenth century. Journal of Eighteenth-Century Studies, 34(1), 65–80.
  • Goulding, C. (2002). Grounded theory: A practical guide for management, business and market researchers. London, UK: Sage.
  • Goulding, C. (2005). Grounded theory, ethnography and phenomenology: A comparative analysis of three qualitative strategies for marketing research. European Journal of Marketing, 39(3/4), 294–308.
  • Grindstaff, L., & West, E. (2011). Hegemonic masculinity on the sidelines of sport. Sociology Compass, 5(10), 859–881.
  • Hanks, L., & Mattila, A. S. (2010, July). Women’s conceptualisations of spa visits: Something just for me 2010. Proceedings of international CHRIE conference-refereed track. 9. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/refereed/CHRIE_2010/Wednesday/9
  • Hearn, J., & Hein, W. (2015). Reframing gender and feminist knowledge construction in marketing and consumer research: Missing feminisms and the case of men and masculinities. Journal of Marketing Management, 31(15–16), 1626–1651.
  • Hein, W., & O’Donohoe, S. (2014). Practising gender: The role of banter in young men’s improvisations of masculine consumer identities. Journal of Marketing Management, 30(13–14), 1293–1319.
  • Hines, S. (2011). Sexing gender; gendering sex: Towards an intersectional analysis of transgender. In Y. Taylor, S. Hines, & M. E. Casey (Eds.), Theorising intersectionality and sexuality (pp. 140–162). Basingtoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work- related values. London, UK: Sage.
  • Holloway, C. J., Humphreys, C., & Davidson, R. (2009). The business of tourism (8th ed.). Harlow, UK: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
  • Holt, D. B., & Thompson, C. J. (2004). Man-of-action heroes: The pursuit of heroic masculinity in everyday consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(2), 462–489.
  • Joy, A., Belk, R., & Bhardwaj, R. (2015). Judith Butler on performativity and precarity: Exploratory thoughts on gender and violence in India. Journal of Marketing Management, 31(15–16), 1739–1745.
  • Kimmel, A. J., & Tissier-Desbordes, E. (2000). Masculinity and consumption: A qualitative investigation of French and American men. In C. Otnes (Ed.), Gender and consumer behavior (pp. 1–18). Urbana, IL: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Klasson, M., & Ulver, S. (2015). Masculinising domesticity: An investigation of men’s domestic foodwork. Journal of Marketing Management, 31(15–16), 1652–1675.
  • Klick, J., & Stratmann, T. (2008). Do spa visits improve health: Evidence from German micro data. Eastern Economic Journal, 34(3), 364–374.
  • Kohn, M. (2003). Radical space: Building the house of the people. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Krizsan, A., & Lombardo, E. (2013). The quality of gender equality policies: A discursive approach. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 20(1), 77–92.
  • Laing, A., Keeling, D., & Newholm, T. (2011). Virtual communities of age: Parallel service, value, and propositions offered in communal online space. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(3–4), 291–315.
  • Laing, A., Newholm, T., & Hogg, G. (2009). Contradictory spaces: Negotiating virtual spaces of consumption. Journal of Service Management, 20(2), 227–245.
  • Larrinaga, C. (2005). A century of tourism in Northern Spain: The development of high-quality provision between 1815 and 1914. In J. K. Walton (Ed.), Histories of tourism: Representations, identity and conflict (pp. 88–103). Clevedon, UK: Channel View.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Levant, R. F., & Pollack, W. S. (1995). A new psychology of men. New York: Basic Books.
  • Little, J. (2012). Pampering, well-being and women’s bodies in the therapeutic spaces of the spa. Social and Cultural Geography, 14(1), 41–58.
  • Littlefield, J. (2010). Men on the hunt: Economist insights into masculinity. Marketing Theory, 10(1), 97–117.
  • Lomine, L. (2005). Tourism in Augustan society (44BC – AD 69). In J. K. Walton (Ed.), Histories of tourism: Representations, identity and conflict (pp. 69–87). Clevedon, UK: Channel View.
  • Mavin, S., & Grandy, G. (2013). Doing gender well and differently in dirty work: The case of exotic dancing. Gender, Work & Organization, 20(3), 232–251.
  • McCormack, M. (2012). The declining significance of homophobia: How teenage boys are redefining masculinity and heterosexuality. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • McNeill, L., & McKay, J. (2016). Fashioning masculinity among young New Zealand men: Young men, shopping for clothes and social identity. Young Consumers, 17(2), 143–154.
  • McNeill, L. S., & Douglas, K. (2011). Retailing masculinity: Gender expectations and social image of male grooming products in New Zealand. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(5), 448–454.
  • Messner, M. A. (2007). Out of play: Critical essays on gender and sport. Albany, US: State University of New York Press.
  • Mintel. (2017a). Beauty retailing - UK - January 2017. Mintel website. Retrieved from http://academic.mintel.com/display/792275/#
  • Mintel. (2017b). Half of UK young men have had a beauty treatment in the past year. Mintel website. Retrieved from http://www.mintel.com/blog/beauty-market-news/half-of-uk-young-men-have-had-a-beauty-treatment-in-the-past-year
  • Mintel. (2017c). Spa, salon and in-store treatments - UK - September 2017. Report. Mintel website. Retrieved from http://academic.mintel.com/display/853183/
  • Mitchell, V. W., & Lodhia, A. (2017). Understanding the metrosexual and spornosexual as a segment for retailers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 45(4), 349–365.
  • Molander, S., Kleppe, I. A., & Ostberg, J. (2018). Hero shots: Involved fathers conquering new discursive territory in consumer culture. Consumption, Markets & Culture, 22(4), 430–453.
  • Murgia, A., & Poggio, B. (2013). Fathers’ stories of resistance and hegemony in organizational cultures. Gender, Work & Organization, 20(4), 413–424.
  • Næss, F. D. (2001). Narratives about young men and masculinities in organised sport in Norway. Sport, Education and Society, 6(2), 125–142.
  • Nava, M. (1997). Modernity’s disavowal: Women, the city and the department store. In P. Falk & C. Campbell (Eds.), The shopping experience (pp. 56–91). London: Sage.
  • Nelson, M. R., & Vilela, A. M. (2012). Is the selectivity hypothesis still relevant?: A review of gendered persuasion and processing of advertising messages. In C. C. Otnes & L. Tuncay Zayer (Eds.), Gender, culture and consumer behavior (pp. 111–138). London, UK: Routledge.
  • Nilsen, B. T. (2013). The role of the body and body ideals in the production and consumption of spa experiences. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 13(3), 139–152.
  • Ostberg, J. (2012). Masculinity and fashion. In C. C. Otnes & L. Tuncay Zayer (Eds.), Gender, culture and consumer behavior (pp. 255–283). London, UK: Routledge.
  • Ostberg, J. (2019). No more mister mom: Masculinity and consumption. In S. Dobscha (Ed.), Handbook of research on gender and marketing (pp. 211–228). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
  • Saatcioglu, B., & Corus, C. (2016). Exploring spatial vulnerability: Inequality and agency formulations in social space. Journal of Marketing Management, 32(3–4), 230–251.
  • Soja, E. W. (1996). Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other real-and-imagined places. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Soja, E. W. (2010). Seeking spatial justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Spafinder.com. (2018). What is a spa? The top four categories. Retrieved from https://www.spafinder.com/blog/spa/what-is-a-spa-the-top-four-categories/
  • Spaseekers.com. (2019). Spaseekers guide to types of spa. Retrieved from https://www.spaseekers.com/guides/spas/types-of-spas#h.3qnyg64pp5sp
  • Steinfield, L., Littlefield, J., Hein, W., Coleman, C. A., & Tuncay Zayer, L. (2019). The TCR perspective of gender: Moving from critical theory to an activism-praxis orientation. In S. Dobscha (Ed.), Handbook of research on gender and marketing (pp. 186–210). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
  • Stewart, L. (1995). Bodies, visions, spatial politics: A review of essay on Henri Lefebvre’s the production of space. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 13, 609–618.
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Tabacchi, M. H. (2010). Current research and events in the spa industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(1), 102–117.
  • Tang, I. L. F., Grace, C. S. H., Tan-Chew, T., & Leung, R. W. (2018). Understanding generation y’s favorite spa scent, spa food versus spa service experience. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 7(374), 1–8.
  • Taylor, Y. (2011). Complexities and complications: Intersections of class and sexuality. In Y. Taylor, S. Hines, & M. E. Casey (Eds.), Theorising intersectionality and sexuality (pp. 37–55). Basingtoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Tuncay, L. (2006). Conceptualizations of masculinity among a ‘new’ breed of male consumers. In L. Stevens & J. Borgerson (Eds.), Eighth proceeding for the association for consumer research gender, marketing and consumer behavior conference (pp. 312–316). Duluth, MN: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Tuncay, L., & Otnes, C. C. (2008). The use of persuasion management strategies by identity – Vulnerable consumers: The case of urban heterosexual male shoppers. Journal of Retailing, 84(4), 487–499.
  • Van Ingen, C. (2003). Geographies of gender, sexuality and race: Reframing the focus on space in sport sociology. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 38(2), 201–216.
  • Van Marrewijk, A., & Broos, M. (2012). Retail stores as brands: Performances, theatre and space. Consumption, Markets & Culture, 15(4), 374–391.
  • Visconti, L. M., Sherry, J. F., Borghini, S., & Anderson, L. (2010). Street art, sweet art? Reclaiming the “public” in public place. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(3), 511–529.
  • Woodruffe-Burton, H. (1998). Private desires, public display: Consumption, postmodernism and fashion’s “new man”. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 26(8), 301–310.
  • Woodruffe-Burton, H., & Ireland, K. (2012). Lived consumer bodies: Narcissism, bodily discourse, and women’s pursuit of the body beautiful. In C. C. Otnes & L. Tuncay Zayer (Eds.), Gender, culture and consumer behaviour (pp. 195–221). London, UK: Routledge.
  • Woodruffe-Burton, H., Eccles, S., & Elliot, R. (2002). Towards a theory of shopping: A holistic framework. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 1(3), 256–266.
  • Zawisza, M. (2019). Gendered advertising: Content, effectiveness and effects – Psychological perspective. In S. Dobscha (Ed.), The handbook of research in gender and marketing (pp. 8–27). London, UK: Edgar Publishing.
  • Zayer, L. T., & Otnes, C. C. (2012). Climbing the ladder or chasing a dream? Men’s responses to idealized portrayals of masculinity in advertising. In C. C. Otnes & L. Tuncay Zayer (Eds.), Gender, culture and consumer behaviour (pp. 87–110). London, UK: Routledge.
  • Zayer, L. T., & Neier, S. (2011). An exploration of men’s brand relationships. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 14(1), 83–104.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.