Religious identity and real estate wealth accumulation: evidence from Canada

References

• Aaronson, D. (2000) A note on the benefits of homeownership, Journal of Urban Economics, 47(3), pp. 356–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acemoglu, D., Hassan, T. A. & Robinson, J. A. (2011) Social structure and development: A legacy of the holocaust in Russia, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(2), pp. 895–946.10.1093/qje/qjr018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alba, R. (2004) Language assimilation today: Bilingualism persists more than in the past, but English still dominates. Available at http://escholarship.org/uc/item/0j5865nk
   Google Scholar
• Alba, R. & Foner, N. (2015) Strangers No More: Immigration and the Challenges of Integration in North America and Western Europe. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).10.1515/9781400865901
   Google Scholar
• Ali, F. M. & Bagley, C. (2015) Islamic education in a multicultural society: The case of a Muslim school in Canada, Canadian Journal of Education, 38(4), pp. 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Alwin, D. F. (1986) Religion and parental child-rearing orientations: Evidence of a Catholic-Protestant convergence, American Journal of Sociology, 92(2), pp. 412–440.10.1086/228506
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arruñada, B. (2010) Protestants and Catholics: Similar work ethic, different social ethic, The Economic Journal, 120(547), pp. 890–918.10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02325.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audretsch, D. B., Bönte, W. & Tamvada, J. P. (2013) Religion, social class, and entrepreneurial choice, Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), pp. 774–789.10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayal, E. B. & Chiswick, B. R. (1983) The economics of the diaspora revisited, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 31(4), pp. 861–875.10.1086/451361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badcock, B. A. (1989) Homeownership and the accumulation of real wealth, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 7(1), pp. 69–91.10.1068/d070069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balakrishnan, T. R. & Chen, J. (1990) Religiosity, nuptiality and reproduction in Canada, Canadian Review of Sociology, 27(3), pp. 316–340.
   Google Scholar
• Balakrishnan, T. R., Rao, K. V., Lapierre-Adamcyk, E. & Krotki, K. J. (1987) A hazard model analysis of the covariates of marriage dissolution in Canada, Demography, 24(3), pp. 395–406.10.2307/2061305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, J. B., DaVanzo, J., Ellison, C. G. & Grammich, C. (2014) Religion and attitudes toward family planning issues among US adults, Review of Religious Research, 56(2), pp. 161–188.10.1007/s13644-013-0136-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartkowski, J. (1996) Beyond biblical literalism and inerrancy: Conservative Protestants and the hermeneutic interpretation of scripture, Sociology of Religion, 57(3), pp. 259–272.10.2307/3712156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartkowski, J. P. (2001) Remaking the Godly Marriage: Gender Negotiation in Evangelical Families. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Bartkowski, J. P. & Ellison, C. G. (1995) Divergent models of childrearing in popular manuals: Conservative Protestants vs. the mainstream experts, Sociology of Religion, 56(1), pp. 21–34.10.2307/3712036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauder, H. & Sharpe, B. (2002) Residential segregation of visible minorities in Canada’s gateway cities, The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 46(3), pp. 204–222.10.1111/cag.2002.46.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin, D. J., Choi, J. J. & Fisher, G. (2016) Religious identity and economic behavior, Review of Economics and Statistics, 98(4), pp. 617–637.10.1162/REST_a_00586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, N. & Kim, J. Y. (2014) Prohibition of Riba and Gharar: A signaling and screening explanation?, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 103, pp. S146–S159.10.1016/j.jebo.2014.02.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, N., El-Komi, M. & Kim, J. Y. (2016) Market segmentation and non-uniform Shariah standards in Islamic finance, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 132, pp. 39–49.10.1016/j.jebo.2016.03.019
   Google Scholar
• Bettendorf, L. & Dijkgraaf, E. (2010) Religion and income: Heterogeneity between countries, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 74(1), pp. 12–29.10.1016/j.jebo.2010.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyer, P. (1997) Religious vitality in Canada: The complementarity of religious market and secularization perspectives, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(2), pp. 272–288.10.2307/1387558
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyer, P. (2005) Religious identity and educational attainment among recent immigrants to Canada: Gender, age, and 2nd generation, Journal of International Migration and Integration/Revue de l'integration et de la migration internationale, 6(2), pp. 177–199.
   Google Scholar
• Beyerlein, K. (2004) Specifying the impact of conservative Protestantism on educational attainment, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 43(4), pp. 505–518.10.1111/jssr.2004.43.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bibby, R. (2007) Religion à la carte in Québec: A problem of demand, supply, or both, in: R. Mager & M. Meunier (ed) Prepared for a Special Issue on Religion in Québec in Globe, pp. 151–179.
   Google Scholar
• Bibby, R. W. & Brinkerhoff, M. B. (1973) The circulation of the saints: A study of people who join conservative churches, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 12(3), pp. 273–283.10.2307/1384428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bibby, R. W. (2011) Continuing the conversation on Canada: Changing patterns of religious service attendance, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50(4), pp. 831–837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisin, A., Patacchini, E., Verdier, T. & Zenou, Y. (2008) Are Muslim immigrants different in terms of cultural integration?, Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(2–3), pp. 445–456.10.1162/JEEA.2008.6.2-3.445
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard, T. C. (2007) Conservative protestant congregations and racial residential segregation: Evaluating the closed community thesis in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties, American Sociological Review, 72(3), pp. 416–433.10.1177/000312240707200305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum, T. C. & Kingston, P. W. (1984) Homeownership and social attachment, Sociological Perspectives, 27(2), pp. 159–180.10.2307/1389016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehm, T. P. (1993) Income, wealth accumulation, and first-time homeownership: An intertemporal analysis, Journal of Housing Economics, 3(1), pp. 16–30.10.1006/jhec.1993.1002
   Google Scholar
• Borjas, G. J. (2002) Homeownership in the immigrant population, Journal of Urban Economics, 52(3), pp. 448–476.10.1016/S0094-1190(02)00529-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borooah, V. K., Dubey, A. & Iyer, S. (2007) The effectiveness of jobs reservation: Caste, religion and economic status in India, Development and Change, 38(3), pp. 423–445.10.1111/dech.2007.38.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourassa, S. C., Haurin, D. R. & Hoesli, M. (2016) What affects children’s outcomes: House characteristics or homeownership?, Housing Studies, 31(4), pp. 427–444.10.1080/02673037.2015.1094030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner, R. & Kiefer, N. M. (1981) The economics of the diaspora: Discrimination and occupational structure, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 29(3), pp. 517–534.10.1086/451269
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, M. S. (2000) Religion and economic activity in the South Asian population, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23(6), pp. 1035–1061.10.1080/014198700750018405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce, S. (2011) Secularization: In Defence of an Unfashionable Theory. (Oxford: Oxford University Press).10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199654123.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Bruce, S. (2016) The sociology of late secularization: Social divisions and religiosity, The British Journal of Sociology, 67(4), pp. 613–631.10.1111/bjos.2016.67.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, J. V., Giuliano, P. & Guiso, L. (2016) The right amount of trust, Journal of the European Economic Association, 14(5), pp. 1155–1180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, E. C., McCullough, M. E., Kim-Spoon, J., Corrales, C. & Blake, A. (2012) Religious people discount the future less, Evolution and Human Behavior, 33(3), pp. 224–231.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.09.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, D. L. & Hungerman, D. M. (2014) Economics, religion, and culture: A brief introduction, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 104, pp. 1–3.10.1016/j.jebo.2014.04.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinitz, J. G. & Brown, R. A. (2001) Religious homogamy, marital conflict, and stability in same-faith and interfaith Jewish marriages, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40(4), pp. 723–733.10.1111/0021-8294.00087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiswick, B. R. (1983) The earnings and human capital of American Jews, The Journal of Human Resources, 18(3), pp. 313–336.10.2307/145204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiswick, B. R. (1986) Labor supply and investment in child quality: A study of Jewish and non-Jewish women, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 68, pp. 700–703.10.2307/1924532
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiswick, B. R. (1988) Differences in education and earnings across racial and ethnic groups: Tastes, discrimination, and investments in child quality, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103(3), pp. 571–597.10.2307/1885546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiswick, B. R. (1993) The skills and economic status of American Jewry: Trends over the last half-century, Journal of Labor Economics, 11(1), pp. 229–242.10.1086/298324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiswick, C. (2008) Economics of American Judaism. (London: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Chiswick, C. (2014) Judaism in Transition: How Economic Choices Shape Religious Tradition. (Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Chiswick, B. R. & Huang, J. (2008) The earnings of American Jewish men: Human capital, denomination, and religiosity, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 47(4), pp. 694–709.10.1111/jssr.2008.47.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiswick, B. R. & Larsen, N. (2015) Russian Jewish immigrants in the United States, Contemporary Jewry, 35(3), pp. 191–209.10.1007/s12397-015-9137-2
   Google Scholar
• Chiteji, N. S. & Stafford, F. P. (1999) Portfolio choices of parents and their children as young adults: Asset accumulation by African-American families, American Economic Review, 89(2), pp. 377–380.10.1257/aer.89.2.377
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christelis, D., Jappelli, T. & Padula, M. (2010) Cognitive abilities and portfolio choice, European Economic Review, 54(1), pp. 18–38.10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cimino, R. & Smith, C. (2014) Atheist Awakening: Secular Activism and Community in America. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press).10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199986323.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Clark, W. A. & Lisowski, W. (2017) Decisions to move and decisions to stay: Life course events and mobility outcomes, Housing Studies, 32(5), pp. 547–565.10.1080/02673037.2016.1210100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, B. & Macdonald, S. (2011) How are Canada’s five largest Protestant denominations faring? A look at the 2001 census, Studies in Religion, 40(4), pp. 511–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor, P. (2014) Immigrant Faith: Patterns of Immigrant Religion in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe. (New York, NY: NYU Press).10.18574/nyu/9781479853908.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Connor, P. & Koenig, M. (2013) Bridges and barriers: Religion and immigrant occupational attainment across integration contexts, International Migration Review, 47(1), pp. 3–38.10.1111/imre.2013.47.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constant, A. F., Roberts, R. & Zimmermann, K. F. (2009) Ethnic identity and immigrant homeownership, Urban Studies, 46(9), pp. 1879–1898.10.1177/0042098009106022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe, C. (2008) Asset Prices and Armageddon: Do Evangelicals’ ‘End Times’ Beliefs Affect US Housing Prices?, Working Paper. (Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund).
   Google Scholar
• D’Acunto, F., Prokopczuk, M., & Weber, M. (2015) The long shadow of Jewish persecution on financial decisions. Available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2368073
   Google Scholar
• Dana, L. P. (ed) (2010) Entrepreneurship and Religion. (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing).
   Google Scholar
• Daniels, J. P. & Von der Ruhr, M. (2010) Trust in others: Does religion matter?, Review of Social Economy, 68(2), pp. 163–186.10.1080/00346760902968447
   Google Scholar
• Danyluk, M. & Ley, D. (2007) Modalities of the new middle class: Ideology and behaviour in the journey to work from gentrified neighbourhoods in Canada, Urban Studies, 44(11), pp. 2195–2210.10.1080/00420980701520277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darden, J. T. (2015) Homeownership among immigrants in Canada and the United States: Similarities and differences, in: C. Teixeira & W. Li (Eds) The Housing and Economic Experiences of Immigrants in US and Canadian Cities, pp. 43–68 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press).
   Google Scholar
• Darnell, A. & Sherkat, D. E. (1997) The impact of Protestant fundamentalism on educational attainment, American Sociological Review, 62(2), pp. 306–315.10.2307/2657306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davids, L. (1993) The Jewish population of Canada, 1991. In Eleventh World Congress of Jewish Studies, Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, J. D. & Pyle, R. E. (2011) Ranking Faiths: Religious Stratification in America. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers).
   Google Scholar
• DellaPergola, S. (2003) Review of relevant demographic information on world Jewry. Available at http://claimscon.org/forms/allocations/Review_Della%20Pergola%20ICHEIC_.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Derwing, T. M. & Waugh, E. (2012) Language skills and the social integration of Canada’s adult immigrants, IRPP Study, 31, p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Deshpande, A. & Sharma, S. (2016) Disadvantage and discrimination in self-employment: Caste gaps in earnings in Indian small businesses, Small Business Economics, 46(2), pp. 325–346.10.1007/s11187-015-9687-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhamoon, R. K. (2013) Exclusion and regulated inclusion: The case of the Sikh kirpan in Canada, Sikh Formations, 9(1), pp. 7–28.10.1080/17448727.2013.774709
   Google Scholar
• Dietz, R. D. & Haurin, D. R. (2003) The social and private micro-level consequences of homeownership, Journal of Urban Economics, 54(3), pp. 401–450.10.1016/S0094-1190(03)00080-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilmaghani, M. (2011) Religiosity, human capital return and earnings in Canada, International Journal of Social Economics, 39(1/2), pp. 55–80.10.1108/03068291211188875
   Google Scholar
• Dilmaghani, M. (2016) Religiosity and social trust: Evidence from Canada, Review of Social Economy. doi:10.1080/00346764.2016.1186820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilmaghani, M. (2017a) Civic participation of secular groups in Canada, Review of Social Economy. doi:10.1080/00346764.2017.1299203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilmaghani, M. (2017b) Religiosity and labour earnings in Canadian provinces, Journal of Labor Research, 38(1), pp. 88–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilmaghani, M. & Dean, J. (2016) Religiosity and female labour market attainment in Canada: The Protestant exception, International Journal of Social Economics, 43(3), pp. 244–262.10.1108/IJSE-07-2014-0134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilmaghani, M. & Dean, J. (2017) Labor market attainment of Canadian Jews during the first two decades of the 20th century, Contemporary Jewry. doi:10.1007/s12397-017-9210-0
   Google Scholar
• DiPasquale, D. & Glaeser, E. L. (1999) Incentives and social capital: Are homeowners better citizens?, Journal of Urban Economics, 45(2), pp. 354–384.10.1006/juec.1998.2098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elisha, O. (2011) Evangelical megachurches and the Christianization of civil society: An ethnographic case study, in: E. S. Clemens & D. Guthrie (Eds) Politics and Partnerships: The Role of Voluntary Associations in America’s Political Past and Present, pp. 269–296 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).10.7208/chicago/9780226109985.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Fink, G. & Redaelli, S. (2005) Understanding Bequest Motives An Empirical Analysis of Intergenerational Transfers (No. 042), Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
   Google Scholar
• Fishman, S. B. (2015) American Jewishness today: Identity and transmissibility in an open world, Contemporary Jewry, 35(2), pp. 109–128.10.1007/s12397-015-9141-6
   Google Scholar
• Flavin, M. & Yamashita, T. (2002) Owner-occupied housing and the composition of the household portfolio, American Economic Review, 92(1), pp. 345–362.10.1257/000282802760015775
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foner, N. & Alba, R. (2008) Immigrant religion in the US and Western Europe: Bridge or barrier to inclusion?, International Migration Review, 42(2), pp. 360–392.10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00128.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgarakos, D. & Fürth, S. (2015) Household repayment behavior: The role of social capital and institutional, political, and religious beliefs, European Journal of Political Economy, 37, pp. 249–265.10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgarakos, D., Haliassos, M. & Pasini, G. (2014) Household debt and social interactions, Review of Financial Studies, 27(5), pp. 1404–1433.10.1093/rfs/hhu014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, U. & Chaze, F. (2014) Discrimination at work: Comparing the experiences of foreign-trained and locally-trained engineers in Canada, Canadian Ethnic Studies, 46(1), pp. 1–21.10.1353/ces.2014.0002
   Google Scholar
• George, U. & Chaze, F. (2016) Punjabis/Sikhs in Canada, in: I. Rajan, V. J. Varghese & A. K. Nanda (Eds) Mobility and Multiple Affiliations, pp. 91–104 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Gilderbloom, J. I. & Markham, J. P. (1995) The impact of homeownership on political beliefs, Social Forces, 73, pp. 1589–1607.10.2307/2580460
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaeser, E. L. & Sacerdote, B. (2000) The social consequences of housing, Journal of Housing Economics, 9(1–2), pp. 1–23.10.1006/jhec.2000.0262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass, J. & Levchak, P. (2014) Red states, blue states, and divorce: Understanding the impact of conservative Protestantism on regional variation in divorce rates, American Journal of Sociology, 119(4), pp. 1002–1046.10.1086/674703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GLH: Gowling Lafleur Henderson. (2010) Research Report to Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation: Islamic Housing Finance in Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, M. M. (1964) Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins. (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Granovetter, M. (1983) The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited, Sociological Theory, 1, pp. 201–233.10.2307/202051
   Google Scholar
• Green, D. A. & Milligan, K. (2010) The importance of the long form census to Canada, Canadian Public Policy, 36(3), pp. 383–388.10.3138/cpp.36.3.383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, R. K. & White, M. J. (1997) Measuring the benefits of homeowning: effects on children, Journal of Urban Economics, 41(3), pp. 441–461.10.1006/juec.1996.2010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guiso, L., Sapienza, P. & Zingales, L. (2003) People’s opium? Religion and economic attitudes, Journal of Monetary Economics, 50(1), pp. 225–282.10.1016/S0304-3932(02)00202-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guiso, L., Sapienza, P. & Zingales, L. (2008) Trusting the stock market, The Journal of Finance, 63(6), pp. 2557–2600.10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01408.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyourko, J. & Linneman, P. (1996) Analysis of the changing influences on traditional households’ ownership patterns, Journal of Urban Economics, 39(3), pp. 318–341.10.1006/juec.1996.0017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haan, M. (2005) The decline of the immigrant home-ownership advantage: Life-cycle, declining fortunes and changing housing careers in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, 1981–2001, Urban Studies, 42(12), pp. 2191–2212.10.1080/00420980500331983
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haan, M. (2007) The homeownership hierarchies of Canada and the United States: The housing patterns of white and non-white immigrants of the past thirty years, International Migration Review, 41(2), pp. 433–465.10.1111/imre.2007.41.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman, H. & Hartman, M. (2009) Gender and American Jews: Patterns in Work, Education, and Family in Contemporary Life. (Waltham, MA: UPNE).
   Google Scholar
• Haurin, D. R. & Gill, H. L. (2002) The impact of transaction costs and the expected length of stay on homeownership, Journal of Urban Economics, 51(3), pp. 563–584.10.1006/juec.2001.2258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hempel, L. M., Matthews, T. & Bartkowski, J. (2012) Trust in a ‘fallen world’: The case of Protestant theological conservatism, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 51(3), pp. 522–541.10.1111/jssr.2012.51.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilary, G. & Hui, K. W. (2009) Does religion matter in corporate decision making in America?, Journal of Financial Economics, 93(3), pp. 455–473.10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, J. P., Ellison, C. G. & Bartkowski, J. P. (2016) Conservative Protestantism and attitudes toward corporal punishment, 1986–2014, Social Science Research. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.09.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hout, M. & Fischer, C. S. (2002) Why more Americans have no religious preference: Politics and generations, American Sociological Review, 67(2), pp. 165–190.10.2307/3088891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hout, M. & Fischer, C. S. (2014) Explaining why more Americans have no religious preference: Political backlash and generational succession, 1987–2012, Sociological Science, 1(9), pp. 423–447.10.15195/issn.2330-6696
   Google Scholar
• Hoyt, H. (1966) According to Hoyt. (Washington, DC: Homer Hoyt).
   Google Scholar
• Hoyt, W. H. & Rosenthal, S. S. (1990) Capital gains taxation and the demand for owner-occupied housing, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 72(1), pp. 45–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hungerman, D. M. (2014) The effect of education on religion: Evidence from compulsory schooling laws, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 104, pp. 52–63.10.1016/j.jebo.2013.09.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iannaccone, L. R. (1992) Religious markets and the economics of religion, Social Compass, 39(1), pp. 123–131.10.1177/003776892039001012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iannaccone, L. R. (1998) Introduction to the economics of religion, Journal of economic literature, 36(3), pp. 1465–1495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioannides, Y. M. & Rosenthal, S. S. (1994) Estimating the consumption and investment demands for housing and their effect on housing tenure status, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 76(1), pp. 127–141.10.2307/2109831
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyer, S. (2016) The new economics of religion, Journal of Economic Literature, 54(2), pp. 395–441.10.1257/jel.54.2.395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, Y. J., Hamplová, D. & Le Bourdais, C. (2014) Diversity of young adults’ living arrangements: The role of ethnicity and immigration, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40(7), pp. 1116–1135.10.1080/1369183X.2013.831523
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jepsen, C. & Jepsen, L. K. (2009) Does home ownership vary by sexual orientation?, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 39(3), pp. 307–315.10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson-Stenman, O., Mahmud, M. & Martinsson, P. (2009) Trust and religion: Experimental evidence from rural Bangladesh, Economica, 76(303), pp. 462–485.10.1111/ecca.2009.76.issue-303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judge, P. S. (2003) Social construction of identity in a multicultural state: Sikhs in Canada, Economic and Political Weekly, pp. 1725–1731.
   Google Scholar
• Kaufmann, E., Goujon, A. & Skirbekk, V. (2012) The end of secularization in Europe?: A socio-demographic perspective, Sociology of Religion, 73(1), pp. 69–91.10.1093/socrel/srr033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keister, L. A. (2003) Religion and wealth: The role of religious affiliation and participation in early adult asset accumulation, Social Forces, 82(1), pp. 175–207.10.1353/sof.2003.0094
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keister, L. A. (2008) Conservative Protestants and wealth: How religion perpetuates asset poverty, American Journal of Sociology, 113(5), pp. 1237–1271.10.1086/525506
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keister, L. A. & Borelli, E. P. (2015) Enduring advantages: Asian Indian and Chinese immigrant wealth, Business and Economics Journal, 6(4), p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Keister, L. A. & Eagle, D. (2014) Religion and inequality: The role of status attainment and social balance processes, Social Thought and Research, 33, pp. 141–171.
   Google Scholar
• Keister, L. A. & Moller, S. (2000) Wealth inequality in the United States, Annual Review of Sociology, 26(1), pp. 63–81.10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keister, L. A. & Sherkat, D. E. (eds) (2014) Religion and Inequality in America: Research and Theory on Religion’s Role in Stratification. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Kingston, P. W. & Fries, J. C. (1994) Having a stake in the system: The sociopolitical ramifications of business and home ownership, Social Science Quarterly, 75(3), pp. 679–686.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingston, P. W., Thompson, J. L. & Eichar, D. M. (1984) The politics of homeownership, American Politics Quarterly, 12(2), pp. 131–150.10.1177/1532673X8401200201
   Google Scholar
• Koffman, D. S. & Weinefeld, M. (2011) Recent developments in the social scientific study of Canadian Jews, Contemporary Jewry, 31(3), pp. 199–221.10.1007/s12397-011-9066-7
   Google Scholar
• Korver-Glenn, E., Chan, E. & Ecklund, E. H. (2015) Perceptions of science education among African American and white evangelicals: A Texas case study, Review of Religious Research, 57(1), pp. 131–148.10.1007/s13644-014-0194-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosmin, B. A., Keysar, A., Cragun, R. T. & Navarro-Rivera, J. (2009) American Nones: The Profile of the No Religion Population. (Hartford, CT: Institute for the Study of Secularism in Society and Culture).
   Google Scholar
• Kotler-Berkowitz, L. (2009) Poor Jews: An analysis of low income in the American Jewish population, Contemporary Jewry, 29(3), pp. 241–277.10.1007/s12397-009-9021-z
   Google Scholar
• Kotler-Berkowitz, L. & Adler, C. (2016) Financial constraints on intensive Jewish education: The interactive effects of financial capacity and Jewish connections, Contemporary Jewry, 36(1), pp. 125–150.10.1007/s12397-016-9159-4
   Google Scholar
• Lazerwitz, B. (1995) Jewish-Christian marriages and conversions, 1971 and 1990, Sociology of Religion, 56(4), pp. 433–443.10.2307/3712199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefebvre, S. & Beaman, L. G. (eds) (2014) Religion in the Public Sphere: Canadian Case Studies. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press).
   Google Scholar
• Lehrer, E. L. (1998) Religious intermarriage in the United States: Determinants and trends, Social Science Research, 27(3), pp. 245–263.10.1006/ssre.1998.0626
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehrer, E. L. (1999) Religion as a determinant of educational attainment: An economic perspective, Social Science Research, 28(4), pp. 358–379.10.1006/ssre.1998.0642
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehrer, E. L. (2004) Religion as a determinant of economic and demographic behavior in the United States, Population and Development Review, 30(4), pp. 707–726.10.1111/padr.2004.30.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehrer, E. (2008) Religion, economics and demography: The effects of religion on education, work, and the family. (London: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Lehrer, E. L. & Chiswick, C. U. (1993) Religion as a determinant of marital stability, Demography, 30(3), pp. 385–404.10.2307/2061647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehrer, E. & Nerlove, M. (1986) Female labor force behavior and fertility in the United States, Annual Review of Sociology, 12(1), pp. 181–204.10.1146/annurev.so.12.080186.001145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehrer, E. L. & Son, Y. J. (2017) Marital Instability in the United States: Trends, Driving Forces, and Implications for Children (No. 10503), Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
   Google Scholar
• Lersch, P. M. & Luijkx, R. (2015) Intergenerational transmission of homeownership in Europe: Revisiting the socialisation hypothesis, Social Science Research, 49, pp. 327–342.10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lidström, A. (2017) Territorial political orientations in Swedish city-regions, Journal of Urban Affairs, pp. 1–16. doi:10.1111/juaf.12244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, C., MacGregor, C. A. & Putnam, R. D. (2010) Secular and liminal: Discovering heterogeneity among religious nones, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 49(4), pp. 596–618.10.1111/jssr.2010.49.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litchmore, R. V. & Safdar, S. (2015) Perceptions of discrimination as a marker of integration among Muslim-Canadians: The role of religiosity, ethnic identity, and gender, Journal of International Migration and Integration, 16(1), pp. 187–204.10.1007/s12134-014-0337-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, L. H. (1970) Fertility patterns among religious groups in Canada, Demography, 7(2), pp. 135–149.10.2307/2060405
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maliepaard, M., Lubbers, M. & Gijsberts, M. (2010) Generational differences in ethnic and religious attachment and their interrelation. A study among Muslim minorities in the Netherlands, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 33(3), pp. 451–472.10.1080/01419870903318169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malloy, J. (2011) Between America and Europe: Religion, politics and evangelicals in Canada, Politics, Religion & Ideology, 12(3), pp. 317–333.10.1080/21567689.2011.596416
   Google Scholar
• Maroto, M. & Aylsworth, L. (2016) Catching up or falling behind? Continuing wealth disparities for immigrants to Canada by region of origin and cohort, Canadian Review of Sociology, 53(4), pp. 374–408.10.1111/cars.2016.53.issue-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maurer, B. (2006) Pious Property: Islamic Mortgages in the United States. (New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation).
   Google Scholar
• McCabe, B. J. (2013) Are homeowners better citizens? Homeownership and community participation in the United States, Social Forces, 91(3), pp. 929–954.10.1093/sf/sos185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoy, J., Kirova, A. & Knight, W. A. (2016) Gauging social integration among Canadian Muslims: A sense of belonging in an age of anxiety, Canadian Ethnic Studies, 48(2), pp. 21–52.10.1353/ces.2016.0012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrane, D., Berdahl, L. & Bell, S. (2017) Moving beyond the urban/rural cleavage: Measuring values and policy preferences across residential zones in Canada, Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(1), pp. 17–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQuillan, K. (2004) When does religion influence fertility?, Population and Development Review, 30(1), pp. 25–56.10.1111/padr.2004.30.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, R. & Sentance, J. (1984) Religion and the determination of earnings: Further results, The Canadian Journal of Economics, 17(3), pp. 481–488.10.2307/135187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalopoulos, S., Naghavi, A. & Prarolo, G. (2016) Islam, inequality and pre-industrial comparative development, Journal of Development Economics, 120, pp. 86–98.10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milan, A. (2016) Diversity of young adults living with their parents. Statistics Canada, Available at http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-006-x/2016001/article/14639-eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Miller, A. S. & Hoffmann, J. P. (1995) Risk and religion: An explanation of gender differences in religiosity, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 34(1), pp. 63–75.10.2307/1386523
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minns, C. & Rizov, M. (2005) The spirit of capitalism? Ethnicity, religion, and self-employment in early 20th century Canada, Explorations in Economic History, 42(2), pp. 259–281.10.1016/j.eeh.2004.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Model, S. & Lin, L. (2002) The cost of not being Christian: Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims in Britain and Canada, International Migration Review, 36(4), pp. 1061–1092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrikios, S. (2008) American Republican religion? Disentangling the causal link between religion and politics in the US, Political Behavior, 30(3), pp. 367–389.10.1007/s11109-008-9053-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrikios, S. (2013) Self-stereotyping as ‘Evangelical Republican’: An empirical test, Politics and Religion, 6(04), pp. 800–822.10.1017/S1755048313000023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepinsky, T. B. (2013) Development, social change, and Islamic finance in contemporary Indonesia, World Development, 41, pp. 157–167.10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.06.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, J. (1965) The Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of Social Class and Power in Canada. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press).10.3138/9781442683044
   Google Scholar
• Portes, A. & Rivas, A. (2011) The adaptation of migrant children, The Future of Children, 21(1), pp. 219–246.10.1353/foc.2011.0004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potvin, M. (2014) The reasonable accommodations crisis in Quebec: Racializing rhetorical devices in media and social discourse, International Journal of Canadian Studies, 50, pp. 137–164.10.3138/ijcs.2014.009
   Google Scholar
• Pratt, G. (1986) Housing tenure and social cleavages in urban Canada, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 76(3), pp. 366–380.10.1111/j.1467-8306.1986.tb00125.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, G. (1987) Class, home, and politics, Canadian Review of Sociology, 24(1), pp. 39–57.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (2000) Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital, in: Culture and Politics, pp. 223–234 (USA: Palgrave Macmillan).
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (2001) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. (New York City, NY: Simon and Schuster).
   Google Scholar
• Ray, B. K. & Moore, E. (1991) Access to homeownership among immigrant groups in Canada, Canadian Review of Sociology, 28(1), pp. 1–29.
   Google Scholar
• Reimer, S. (2017) Conservative Protestants and religious polarization in Canada, Studies in Religion. doi:10.1177/0008429817695660
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitz, J. G. & Banerjee, R. (2007) Racial Inequality, Social Cohesion and Policy Issues in Canada. (Canada: Institute for Research on Public Policy).
   Google Scholar
• Reitz, J. G., Banerjee, R., Phan, M. & Thompson, J. (2009) Race, religion, and the social integration of new immigrant minorities in Canada, International Migration Review, 43(4), pp. 695–726.10.1111/imre.2009.43.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renneboog, L. & Spaenjers, C. (2012) Religion, economic attitudes, and household finance, Oxford Economic Papers, 64(1), pp. 103–127.10.1093/oep/gpr025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rietveld, C. A. & van Burg, E. (2014) Religious beliefs and entrepreneurship among Dutch protestants, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 23(3), pp. 279–295.10.1504/IJESB.2014.065515
   Google Scholar
• Rohe, W. M. & Stegman, M. A. (1994) The effects of homeownership: On the self-esteem, perceived control and life satisfaction of low-income people, Journal of the American Planning Association, 60(2), pp. 173–184.10.1080/01944369408975571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohe, W. M. & Stewart, L. S. (1996) Homeownership and neighborhood stability, Housing Policy Debate, 7(1), pp. 37–81.10.1080/10511482.1996.9521213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohe, W. M., Van Zandt, S. & McCarthy, G. (2002) Home ownership and access to opportunity, Housing Studies, 17(1), pp. 51–61.10.1080/02673030120105884
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohe, W. M., Van Zandt, S. & McCarthy, G. (2013) The social benefits and costs of homeownership: A critical assessment of the research, The Affordable Housing Reader. doi:10.4324/9780203722671
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, L. & Weinfeld, M. (1993) Canada’s Jews: A Social and Economic Study of Jews in Canada in the 1930s (Vol. 16). McGill-Queen’s Press-MQUP.
   Google Scholar
• Rossi, P. H. & Weber, E. (1996) The social benefits of homeownership: Empirical evidence from national surveys, Housing Policy Debate, 7(1), pp. 1–35.10.1080/10511482.1996.9521212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rounding, K., Lee, A., Jacobson, J. A. & Ji, L. J. (2012) Religion replenishes self-control, Psychological Science, 23(6), pp. 635–642.10.1177/0956797611431987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safdar, S., Dupuis, D. R., Lewis, R. J., El-Geledi, S. & Bourhis, R. Y. (2008) Social axioms and acculturation orientations of English Canadians toward British and Arab Muslim immigrants, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(5), pp. 415–426.10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders, P. (1990) A Nation of Home Owners. (London: Unwin Hyman).
   Google Scholar
• Schwadel, P. (2014) Are white evangelical Protestants lower class? A partial test of church-sect theory, Social Science Research, 46, pp. 100–116.10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semyonov, M. & Lewin-Epstein, N. (2001) The impact of parental transfers on living standards of married children, Social Indicators Research, 54(2), pp. 115–137.10.1023/A:1011081529592
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semyonov, M. & Lewin-Epstein, N. (2011) Wealth inequality: Ethnic disparities in Israeli society, Social Forces, 89(3), pp. 935–959.10.1353/sof.2011.0006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamsuddin, A. F. & DeVoretz, D. J. (1998) Wealth accumulation of Canadian and foreign-born households in Canada, Review of Income and Wealth, 44(4), pp. 515–533.10.1111/roiw.1998.44.issue-4
   Google Scholar
• Sherkat, D. E. (2000) ‘That they be keepers of the home’: The effect of conservative religion on early and late transitions into housewifery, Review of Religious Research, 41(3), pp. 344–358.10.2307/3512034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherkat, D. E. & Darnell, A. (1999) The effect of parents’ fundamentalism on children’s educational attainment: Examining differences by gender and children's fundamentalism, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38(1), pp. 23–35.10.2307/1387581
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherkat, D. E. & Ellison, C. G. (1999) Recent developments and current controversies in the sociology of religion, Annual Review of Sociology, 25(1), pp. 363–394.10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A. (1863) An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. (Oxford): Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, T. W. (1990) Classifying Protestant denominations, Review of Religious Research, 31(3), pp. 225–245.10.2307/3511614
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, C. & Faris, R. (2005) Socioeconomic inequality in the American religious system: An update and assessment, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 44(1), pp. 95–104.10.1111/jssr.2005.44.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sombart, W. (1976) Why is There No Socialism in the United States? (White Plains, NY: M. E. Sharpe).10.1007/978-1-349-02524-4
   Google Scholar
• Somerville, T., Qiang, L., Teller, P., Farrell, M., Jones, D., & Kasahara, Y. (2014) Are renters being left behind?: homeownership and wealth accumulation in Canadian cities. Available at https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/facultyresearchandpublications/52383/items/1.0052274
   Google Scholar
• South, S. J. & Deane, G. D. (1993) Race and residential mobility: Individual determinants and structural constraints, Social Forces, 72(1), pp. 147–167.10.2307/2580163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spilerman, S. (2004) The impact of parental wealth on early living standards in Israel, American Journal of Sociology, 110(1), pp. 92–122.10.1086/424943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. (2016) National household survey. Data information available at https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/help-aide/aboutdata-aproposdonnees.cfm?Lang=E
   Google Scholar
• Stonawski, M., Skirbekk, V., Kaufmann, E. & Goujon, A. (2015) The end of secularisation through demography? Projections of Spanish religiosity, Journal of Contemporary Religion, 30(1), pp. 1–21.10.1080/13537903.2015.986972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroope, S. (2011) Education and religion: Individual, congregational, and cross-level interaction effects on biblical literalism, Social Science Research, 40(6), pp. 1478–1493.10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stryker, R. (1981) Religio-ethnic effects on attainments in the early career, American Sociological Review, 46(2), pp. 212–231.10.2307/2094980
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stulz, R. M. & Williamson, R. (2003) Culture, openness, and finance, Journal of Financial Economics, 70(3), pp. 313–349.10.1016/S0304-405X(03)00173-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sungur, O. (2016) Housing choices of Muslim immigrants in Italy. European Scientific Journal (Special Edition).
   Google Scholar
• Tahmina, T. N. (2013) The barriers to, and incidence of, Islamic banking and finance in Canada, Doctoral dissertation, Université d’Ottawa/University of Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Thornton, A. (1985) Changing attitudes toward separation and divorce: Causes and consequences, American Journal of Sociology, 90(4), pp. 856–872.10.1086/228147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornton, A. & Young-DeMarco, L. (2001) Four decades of trends in attitudes toward family issues in the United States: The 1960s through the 1990s, Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(4), pp. 1009–1037.10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.01009.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilley, J. (2015) ‘We don’t do god’? religion and party choice in Britain, British Journal of Political Science, 45(04), pp. 907–927.10.1017/S0007123414000052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomes, N. (1983) Religion and the rate of return on human capital: Evidence from Canada, The Canadian Journal of Economics, 16, pp. 122–138.10.2307/134981
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomes, N. (1984) The effects of religion and denomination on earnings and the returns to human capital, The Journal of Human Resources, 19, pp. 472–488.10.2307/145943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomes, N. (1985) Religion and the earnings function, American Economic Review, 75(2), pp. 245–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torczyner, J. (1994) The persistence of invisible poverty among Jews in Canada, Journal of Social Service Research, 19(1–2), pp. 99–114.10.1300/J079v19n01_06
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torczyner, J. L. & Brotman, S. L. (1995) The Jews of Canada: A profile from the census, The American Jewish Year Book, 95, pp. 227–260.
   Google Scholar
• Tran, V. C. (2010) English gain vs. Spanish loss? Language assimilation among second-generation Latinos in young adulthood, Social Forces, 89(1), pp. 257–284.10.1353/sof.2010.0107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, T. M. & Luea, H. (2009) Homeownership, wealth accumulation and income status, Journal of Housing Economics, 18(2), pp. 104–114.10.1016/j.jhe.2009.04.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uslaner, E. M. (2002) Religion and civic engagement in Canada and the United States, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(2), pp. 239–254.10.1111/jssr.2002.41.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veall, M. R. (2010) 2B or not 2B? What should have happened with the Canadian long form census? What should happen now?, Canadian Public Policy, 36(3), pp. 395–399.10.3138/cpp.36.3.395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verberg, N. (2000) Homeownership and politics: Testing the political incorporation thesis, Canadian Journal of Sociology, 25, pp. 169–195.10.2307/3341822
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voas, D. (2009) The rise and fall of fuzzy fidelity in Europe, European Sociological Review, 25(2), pp. 155–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voas, D. & Chaves, M. (2016) Is the United States a counterexample to the secularization thesis? American Journal of Sociology, 121(5), pp. 1517–1556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waite, L. J. & Lehrer, E. L. (2003) The benefits from marriage and religion in the United States: A comparative analysis, Population and Development Review, 29(2), pp. 255–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldinger, F. (2010) Quality matters: The expulsion of professors and the consequences for PhD student outcomes in Nazi Germany, Journal of Political Economy, 118(4), pp. 787–831.10.1086/655976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walks, R. A. (2006) The causes of city-suburban political polarization? A Canadian case study, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 96(2), pp. 390–414.10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00483.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walks, A. (2016) Homeownership, asset-based welfare and the neighbourhood segregation of wealth, Housing Studies, 31(7), pp. 755–784.10.1080/02673037.2015.1132685
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walks, R. & Bourne, L. S. (2006) Ghettos in Canada’s cities? Racial segregation, ethnic enclaves and poverty concentration in Canadian urban areas, Canadian Geographer, 50(3), pp. 273–297.10.1111/cag.2006.50.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayland, S. V. (1997) Religious expression in public schools: Kirpans in Canada, hijab in France, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 20(3), pp. 545–561.10.1080/01419870.1997.9993974
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, M. (1930) The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism, translated by Talcott Parsons, with a foreword by RT Tawney. (New York, NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons).
   Google Scholar
• Weber, M. & Kalberg, S. (1946) The Protestant sects and the spirit of capitalism, In Essays in Sociology, No. 3, doi: 10.1.1.452.3791
   Google Scholar
• Weinfeld, M. & Schnoor, R. F. (2015) The demography of Canadian Jewry, the ‘census’ of 2011: Challenges and results. In: American Jewish Year Book 2014, pp. 285–299 (Springer International Publishing).10.1007/978-3-319-09623-0
   Google Scholar
• Welch, M. R., Sikkink, D., Sartain, E. & Bond, C. (2004) Trust in god and trust in man: The ambivalent role of religion in shaping dimensions of social trust, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 43(3), pp. 317–343.10.1111/j.1468-5906.2004.00238.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westoff, C. F. & Jones, E. F. (1979) The end of ‘Catholic’ fertility, Demography, 16(2), pp. 209–217.10.2307/2061139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcox, W. B. (1998) Conservative Protestant childrearing: Authoritarian or authoritative?, American Sociological Review, 63(6), pp. 796–809.10.2307/2657502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilder, E. I. (1996) Socioeconomic attainment and expressions of Jewish identification, 1970 and 1990, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 35(2), pp. 109–127.10.2307/1387079
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilder, E. I. & Walters, W. H. (1998) Ethnic and religious components of the Jewish income advantage, 1969 and 1989, Sociological Inquiry, 68(3), pp. 426–436.10.1111/soin.1998.68.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkins-Laflamme, S. (2014) Toward religious polarization? Time effects on religious commitment in US, UK, and Canadian regions, Sociology of Religion, 75(2), pp. 284–308.10.1093/socrel/sru001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkins-Laflamme, S. (2015) How unreligious are the ‘religious nones’ religious? Dynamics of the unaffiliated in Canada, Canadian Journal of Sociology, 40(4), pp. 477–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkins-Laflamme, S. (2016) The changing religious cleavage in Canadians’ voting behaviour, Canadian Journal of Political Science, 49(3), pp. 499–518.10.1017/S0008423916000834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkins-Laflamme, S. (2017) Secularization and the wider gap in values and personal religiosity between the religious and nonreligious, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. doi:10.1111/jssr.12307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, B. R. (2016) Religion in Secular Society: Fifty Years On. (Oxford University Press).10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198788379.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Winter, E. (2014) Becoming Canadian: Making sense of recent changes to citizenship rules, IRPP Study, 44, p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Woodberry, R. D. & Smith, C. S. (1998) Fundamentalism et al: Conservative Protestants in America, Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1), pp. 25–56.10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.25
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wuthnow, R. (2000) Growing Up Religious: Christians and Jews and Their Journeys of Faith. (Boston, MA: Beacon Press).
   Google Scholar
• Wuthnow, R. (2002) Religious involvement and status-bridging social capital, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(4), pp. 669–684.10.1111/1468-5906.00153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo, M. (2012) The rights of science and the rights of politics: Lessons from the long-form census controversy, Canadian Journal of Sociology, 37(3), pp. 295–315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelekha, Y., Avnimelech, G. & Sharabi, E. (2014) Religious institutions and entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics, 42(4), pp. 747–767.10.1007/s11187-013-9496-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar