Effect of fluorination on the phase sequence, dielectric and electro-optical properties of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric mixtures

References

• Sluckin TJ, Dunmur DA, Stegemeyer H. Crystals that flow classic papers from the history of liquid crystals, section D: the development of liquid crystal display technology. London (UK): Taylor and Francis; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Raynes EP, Sage IC. Chemicals to calculators: the early exploitation of cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 2015;42:722–731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schadt M. Nematic liquid crystals and twisted-nematic LCDs. Liquid Crystals. 2015;42:646–652.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark NA, Lagerwall ST. Sub microsecond bistable electro‐optic switching in liquid crystals. Appl Phys Lett. 1980;36:899–902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel JS. Electro-optics of ferroelectric liquid crystals. Opt Eng. 1987;26:262129-262133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagerwall ST. Ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric liquid crystals. Ferroeletrics. 2004;01:15–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandani ADL, Ouchi Y, Takezoe H. Novel Phases exhibiting tristable switch-ing. Jpn J Appl Phys. 1989;28:L1261- L1264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandani ADL, Gorecka G, Ouchi Y, et al. Antiferroelectric chiral smectic phases responsible for the tristable switching in MHPOBC. Jpn J Appl Phys. 1989;28:L1265- L1269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda A, Takanishi Y, Isozaki T, et al. Antiferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystals. J Mater Chem. 1994;4:997–1016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Havé K, Rudquist P, Lagerwall ST, et al. Solution of the dark state problem in antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays. Appl Phys Lett. 2000;76:3528–3530.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oton JM, Quintana X, Castillo PL. Antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays. Opto-Elec Rev. 2004;12:263–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudquist P. Orthoconic antiferro-electric liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 2013;40:1678–1697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma R, Dabrowski R, Dhar R. Thermodynamic, electrical and electro-optical features of the racemic mixture of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal suitable for displays. Liq Cryst. 2015;42:1785–1797.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma R, Dabrowski R, Zurowska M, et al. Enhancement of the properties and mesophases stability after the electron beam irradiation on a racemic anti-ferroelectric liquid crystalline mixture. Liq Cryst. 2016;43(5):606–614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chełstowska A, Czerwiński M, Tykarska M, et al. The influence of antiferroelectric compounds on helical pitch of orthoconic W-1000 mixture. Liq Cryst. 2014;41:812–820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pozhidaev EP, Osipov MA, Chigrinov V, et al. Rotational viscosity of the smectic C* phase of ferroelectric liquid crystals. Sov Phys JETP. 1988;94:125–132.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen HT, Sigaud G, Achard MF, et al. Rod-like mesogens with antipathetic fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon tails. Liq Cryst. 1991;10:389–396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kromm P, Cotrait M, Rouillon JC, et al. Synthesis, characterization and crystal structures of two polyphilic mesogenic compounds. Liq Cryst. 1996;21:121–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Nohira H. Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of fluorinated liquid crystals obtained from optically active 2-fluoro-octanol. Liq Cryst. 1996;20:581–586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hird M, Toyne KJ. Fluoro substitution in thermotropic liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1998;323:1–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabrowski R. Liquid crystals with fluorinated terminal chains and antiferroelectric properties. Ferroelectrics. 2000;243:1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piecek W, Kula P, Raszewski Z, et al. An influence of a single fluorine atom position in the molecular rigid core on physical properties of orthoconic antiferro-electric liquid crystal. Ferroelectrics. 2008;365:78–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morawiak P, Piecek W, Zurowska M, et al. Effect of fluorination of molecular rigid core in liquid crystal biphenyl benzoate based homologous series. Opto-Elec Rev. 2009;17:40–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurp K, Czerwiński M, Tykarska M. Ferroelectric compounds with chiral (S)-1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl terminal chain – their miscibility and a helical pitch. Liq Cryst. 2015;42:248–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tykarska M, Czerwiński M. The inversion phenomenon of helical twist sense in antiferroelectric liquid crystals phase from electronic and vibrational circular dichroism. Liq Cryst. 2016;46:462–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duebal H, Escher C, Hemmerling W, et al., inventor; Wingen R, Inc., assignee. Liquid-crystalline mixtures, in particular ferroelectric liquid-crystalline mixtures. Google Patent DE 3831226 A1. 1989 Mar 30.
   Google Scholar
• Chandran A, Prakash J, Naik KK, et al. Preparation and characterization of MgO nanoparticles /ferroelectric liquid crystal composites for faster display devices with improved contrast. J Mater Chem C. 2014;2:1844–1853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly S, Fünfschilling J. Synthesis, transition temperatures and some physical properties of some low melting smectic C materials. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1995;260:139–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tykarska M, Dąbrowski R, Czerwinski M, et al. The influence of the chiral terphenylate on the tilt angle in pyrimidine ferroelectric mixtures. Phase Trans. 2012;85:364–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zurowskan M, Dabrowski R, Dziaduszek J, et al. Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of chiral esters comprising partially fluorinated alkoxyalkoxy terminal chains and a 1-methylheptyl chiral moiety. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2008;495:145–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyasato K, Abe S, Takezoe H, et al. Direct method with triangular waves for measuring spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric liquid crystals. Jpn J App Phys. 1983;22:L661–L663.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava SL, Agrawal VK, Beresnev LA. Switching time and spontaneous polarization of a thin layered liquid crystal mixture by direct pulse technique. Indian J Appl Phys. 1993;31:30–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debnath A, Mandal PK, Weglowska D, et al. Induction of a room temperature ferroelectric SmC* phase in binary mixtures with moderate spontaneous polarization and sub-millisecond switching time. RSC Adv. 2016;6:84369–84378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baikalov VA, Beresnev LA, Blinov LM. Measures of the molecular tilt angle and optical anisotropy n ferroelectric liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1985;127:397–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dierking I. Textures of Liquid Crystals. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Debnath A, Sinha D, Mandal PK. Wide range room temperature electroclinic liquid crystal mixture with large induced tilt and very small layer contraction. J App Phys. 2016;119:124103(1-4).
   Google Scholar
• Debnath A, Sinha D, Mandal PK, et al. Formulation of a room temperature ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture with sub-millisecond switching time. Proc 59th DAE Solid State Symp (AIP) 2015. 1665;040004:1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Debnath A, Mandal PK. Wide range room temperature ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture with microsecond order switching. J Mol Liq. 2016;221:287–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley CS, Kapernaum N, Robert JC, et al. Electroclinic effect in chiral SmA* liquid crystals induced by atropisomeric biphenyl dopants: amplification of the electroclinic coefficient using achiral additives. J Materchem. 2006;16:2329–2337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dey KC, Mandal PK, Dąbrowski R. Effect of lateral fluorination in antiferroelectric and ferroelectric mesophases: synchrotron X-ray diffraction, dielectric spectroscopy and electro-optic study. J Phys Chem Solids. 2016;88:14–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartolino R, Doucet J, Durand G. Molecular tilt in smectic-C phase-zigzag model. Ann De Phys. 1978;3:389–395.
   Google Scholar
• Spector MS, Heiney PA, Naciri J, et al. Electroclinic liquid crystals with large induced tilt angle and small layer contraction. Phys Rev E. 2000;61:1579–1583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha D, Debnath A, Mandal PK. Hexatic and blue phases in a chiral liquid crystal: optical polarizing microscopy, synchrotron radiation and dielectric study. Mat Res Exp. 2014;1:035101(1-13).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dey KC, Mandal PK, Dąbrowski R. Investigation on a laterally fluorinated orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystal by different experimental techniques. Proc 60th DAE Solid State Symp (AIP). 2016;731(040015):1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Hird M. Ferroelectricity in liquid crystals-materials, properties and appli-cations. Liq Cryst. 2011;38:1467–1493.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Havé K, Dahlgren A, Rudquist P, et al. Antierroelectric liquid crystals it 45° tilt a new class of promising electrooptic materials. Ferroelectrics. 2000;244:115–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagerwall ST, Dahlgren A, Jägemalm P, et al. Unique electro‐optical properties of liquid crystals designed for molecular optics. Adv Funct Mater. 2001;11:87–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Havé K, Rudquist P, Matuszczyk M, et al. Antiferroelectric liquid crystals with 45° tilt: new electro-optic effects in liquid crystals. Proc SPIE. 2000;3955:33–44.
   Google Scholar
• Wand M, Thurmes W, Meadows M, et al. FLC displays for high-resolution magnified view and projection applications. Proc SPIE. 1999;3635:2–7.
   Google Scholar