Liquid crystal aligning capabilities on surface-reformed indium-doped zinc oxide films via ion-beam exposure

References

• Minami T. Present status of transparent conducting oxide thin-film development for indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substitutes. Thin Solid Films. 2008;516:5822–5828.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips JM, Cava RJ, Thomas GA, et al. Zincindiumoxide: a high conductivity transparent conducting oxide. Appl Phys Lett. 2000;67:2246–2248.
   Google Scholar
• Beyer W, Hüpkes J, Stiebig H. Transparent conducting oxide films for thin film silicon photovoltaics. Thin Solid Films. 2007;516:147–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Naik GV, Emani NK, et al. Plasmonic resonances in nanostructured transparent conducting oxide films. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron. 2013;19:4601907.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein A. Transparent conducting oxides: electronic structure–property relationship from photoelectron spectroscopy with in situ sample preparation. J Am Ceram Soc. 2013;96:331–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calnan S, Tiwari AN. High mobility transparent conducting oxides for thin film solar cells. Thin Solid Films. 2010;518:1839–1849.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui J, Wang A, Edleman NL, et al. Indium tin oxide alternatives-high work function transparent conducting oxides as anodes for organic light-emitting diodes. Adv Mater. 2001;13:1476–1480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chae GS. A modified transparent conducting oxide for flat panel displays only. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2001;40:1282–1286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song J-I, Park J-S, Kim H, et al. Transparent amorphous indium zinc oxide thin-film transistors fabricated at room temperature. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;90:022106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barquinha P, Pimentel A, Marques A, et al. Influence of the semiconductor thickness on the electrical properties of transparent TFTs based on indium zinc oxide. J Non-Cryst Solids. 2006;352:1749–1752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu H, Lan L, Xu M, et al. High performance indium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors fabricated with a backchannel-etch-technique. Appl Phys Lett. 2011;99:253501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins R, Barquinha P, Pimentel A, et al. Transport in high mobility amorphous wide band gap indium zinc oxide films. Phys Status Solidi A. 2005;202:R95–R97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung YS, Seo JY, Lee DW, et al. Influence of DC magnetron sputtering parameters on the properties of amorphous indium zinc oxide thin film. Thin Solid Films. 2003;445:63–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carcia PF, McLean RS, Reilly MH, et al. Transparent ZnO thin-film transistor fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. Appl Phys Lett. 2003;82:1117–1119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong R, Shao J, He H, et al. Influence of buffer layer thickness on the structure and optical properties of ZnO thin films. Appl Surf Sci. 2006;252:2888–2893.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purica M, Budianu E, Rusu E, et al. Optical and structural investigation of ZnO thin films prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Thin Solid Films. 2002;403–404:485–488.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada A, Sang B, Konagai M. Atomic layer deposition of ZnO transparent conducting oxides. Appl Surf Sci. 1997;112:216–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar V, Singh N, Mehra RM, et al. Role of film thickness on the properties of ZnO thin films grown by sol-gel method. Thin Solid Films. 2013;539:161–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J-H, Ko K-H, Park B-O. Electrical and optical properties of ZnO transparent conducting films by the sol–gel method. J Cryst Growth. 2003;247:119–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schadt M, Seiberle H, Schuster A. Optical patterning of multidomain liquid-crystal displays with wide viewing angles. Nature. 1996;381:212–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbon WM, Shannon PJ, Sun S-T, et al. Surface-mediated alignment of nematic liquid crystals with polarized laser light. Nature. 1991;351:49–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schadt M, Schmitt K, Kozinkov V, et al. Surface-induced parallel alignment of liquid crystals by linearly polymerized photopolymers. Jpn J Appl Phys. 1992;31:2155–2164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toney MF, Russell TP, Logan JA, et al. Near-surface alignment of polymers in rubbed films. Nature. 1995;374:709–711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YJ, Zhuang Z, Patel JS. Effect of multidirection rubbing on the alignment of nematic liquid crystal. Appl Phys Lett. 2000;77:513–515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho JYL, Chigrinov VG, Kwok HS. Variable liquid crystal pretilt angles generated by photoalignment of a mixed polyimide alignment layer. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;90:243506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Zheng X, Gong S, et al. Effect of the functional diamine structure on the properties of a polyimide liquid crystal alignment film. RSC Adv. 2015;5:25348–25356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haaren JV. Wiping out dirty displays. Nature. 2001;411:29–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon PJ, Gibbons WM, Sun ST. Patterned optical properties in photopolymerized surface-aligned liquid-crystal films. Nature. 1994;368:532–533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichimura K. Photoalignment of liquid-crystal systems. Chem Rev. 2000;100:1847–1874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chigrinov VG, Kozenkov VM, Kwok H-S. Photoalignment of liquid crystalline materials: physics and applications. 1st ed. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Lu M. Liquid crystal orientation induced by Van der Waals interaction. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2004;43:8156–8160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stöhr J, Samant MG, Lüning J, et al. Liquid crystal alignment on carbonaceous surfaces with orientational order. Science. 2001;292:2299–2302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong H-C, Park H-G, Lee JH, et al. Homogeneous self-aligned liquid crystals on wrinkled-wall poly(dimethylsiloxane) via localised ion-beam irradiation. Sci Rep. 2015;5:8641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhari P, Lacey J, Doyle J, et al. Atomic-beam alignment of inorganic materials for liquid-crystal displays. Nature. 2001;411:56–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee K-M, Oh B-Y, Kim Y-H, et al. Effect of ion beam irradiation and rubbing on the directional behavior and alignment mechanism of liquid crystals on polyimide surfaces. J Appl Phys. 2009;105:014507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn HJ, Rho SJ, Kim KC, et al. Ion-beam induced liquid crystal alignment on diamond-like carbon and fluorinated diamond-like carbon thin films. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2005;44:4092–4097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Pan Y, Xiang C, et al. Low temperature synthesis of ultrafine a-Al2O3 powder by a simple aqueous sol–gel process. Ceram Int. 2006;32:587–591.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng W, Lu C-H, Ye Y-C. Effects of mechanical rubbing on surface tension of polyimide thin films. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2008;47:1651–1656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medved M, Fowler PW, Hutson JM. Anisotropic dipole polarizabilities and quadrupole moments of open-shell atoms and ions: O, F, S, Cl, Se, Br and isoelectronic systems. Mol Phys. 2000;98(7):453–463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JB, Choi CJ, Park JS, et al. Orientational transition of liquid crystal molecules by a photoinduced transformation process into a recovery free silicon oxide layer. Adv Mater. 2008;20:3073–3078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar