Mesomorphic properties of cyanobiphenyl dimers with a central malonate unit

References

• Imrie CT, Henderson PA. Liquid crystal dimers and oligomers. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci. 2002;7:298–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imrie CT, Henderson PA. Liquid crystal dimers and higher oligomers: between monomers and polymers. Chem Soc Rev. 2007;36:2096–2124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imrie CT, Luckhurst GR. Liquid crystal dimers and oligomers. In: Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato T, et al., editors. The handbook of liquid crystals. Vol. 7. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2014. p. 137–210.
   Google Scholar
• Emsley JW, Luckhurst GR, Shilstone GN, et al. The preparation and properties of the α,ω-bis(4,4ˊ-cyanobiphenyloxy)alkanes: nematogenic molecules with a flexible core. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1984;102:223–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luckhurst GR. Liquid crystals: a chemical physicist’s view. Liq Cryst. 2005;32:1335–1364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ, Douglass AG, Heeks SK, et al. An enhanced odd–even effect of liquid crystal dimers orientational order in the α,ω-bis(4ʹ-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)alkanes. Liq Cryst. 1993;13:603–613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corsellis E, Guillon D, Kloess P, et al. Structural characterization of mono- and dimesogenic organosiloxanes: the impact of siloxane content on biphenyl benzoate systems. Liq Cryst. 1997;23:235–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton J, Coles H, Hodge P, et al. Synthesis and properties of low-molar-mass liquid-crystalline siloxane derivatives. J Mater Chem. 1994;4:869–874.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imrie CT. Liquid crystal dimers. In: Mingos DMP, editor. Liquid crystals II. Structure and bonding. Vol. 95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag; 1999. p. 149–192.
   Google Scholar
• Gimeno N, Blanca Ros M. Chemical structures, mesogenic properties, and synthesis of liquid crystals with bent-core structures. In: Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato T, et al., editors. The handbook of liquid crystals. Vol. 4. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2014. p. 605–680.
   Google Scholar
• Lu Z, Henderson PA, Paterson BJA, et al. Liquid crystal dimers and the twist-bend nematic phase. The preparation and characterisation of the α,ω-bis(4-cyanobiphenyl-4ʹ-yl) alkanedioates. Liq Cryst. 2014;41:471–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson DA, Abberley JP, Harrison WT, et al. Cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal dimers and the twist-bend nematic phase. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:127–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archbold CT, Andrews JL, Mandle RJ, et al. Effect of the linking unit on the twist-bend nematic phase in liquid crystal dimers: a comparative study of two homologous series of methylene- and ether-linked dimers. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:84–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abberley JP, Jansze SM, Walker R, et al. Structure–property relationships in twist-bend nematogens: the influence of terminal groups. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:68–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panov VP, Vij JK, Mehl GH. Twist-bend nematic phase in cyanobiphenyls and difluoroterphenyls bimesogens. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:147–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawood AA, Grossel MC, Luckhurst GR, et al. Twist-bend nematics, liquid crystal dimers, structure–property relations. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:106–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivšić T, Baumeister U, Dokli I, et al. Sensitivity of the NTB phase formation to the molecular structure of imino-linked dimers. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:93–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin JI. Liquid crystalline behavior of novel dimesogenic compounds. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1995;267:249–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrarini A, Luckhurst GR, Nordio PL, et al. Understanding the dependence of the transitional properties of liquid crystal dimers on their molecular geometry. Liq Cryst. 1996;21:373–382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purkina A, Volchek B. Liquid crystalline ordering in melts of thermotropic polymers with malonic acid fragment in spacer. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1995;265:209–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad V, Lee KH, Park YS, et al. Dimeric compounds containing malonic acid as the central linking unit: synthesis and mesomorphic properties. Liq Cryst. 2002;29:1113–1119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park YS, Lee KH, Lee JW, et al. Dimeric liquid crystalline compounds having a central malonic acid moiety: effect of the length of the spacers and terminal chains. Liq Cryst. 2003;30:173–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschierske C. Fluorinated liquid crystals: design of soft nanostructures and increased complexity of self-assembly by perfluorinated segments. Top Curr Chem. 2012;318:1–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kress KC, Kaller M, Axenov KV, et al. Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of calamitic malonates and cyanoacetates tethered to 4-cyanobiphenyls. Beilstein J Org Chem. 2012;8:371–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodby JW, Davis EJ, Mandle RJ, et al. Chemical structure and mesogenic properties. In: Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato T, et al., editors. The handbook of liquid crystals. Vol. 1. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2014. p. 231–260.
   Google Scholar
• Goodby JW, Mandle RJ, Davis EJ, et al. Invited article. What makes a liquid crystal? The effect of free volume on soft matter. Liq Cryst. 2015;42:593–622.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrarini A, Luckhurst GR, Nordio PL, et al. Understanding the unusual transitional behaviour of liquid crystal dimers. Chem Phys Lett. 1993;214:409–417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Białecka‐Florjańczyk E, Śledzińska I, Górecka E, et al. Odd–even effect in biphenyl based symmetrical dimers with methylene spacer – evidence of the B4 phase. Liq Cryst. 2008;35:401–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao CC, Wang CS, Sheu HS, et al. Symmetrical dimer liquid crystals derived from benzoxazoles. Tetrahedron. 2008;64:7977–7985.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrarini A, Luckhurst GR, Nordio PL. Even-odd effects in liquid crystal dimers with flexible spacers: a test of the rotational isomeric state approximation? Mol Phy. 1995;85:131–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itahara T, Inadome J. Vinyl-substituted liquid crystal dimers. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2008;487:3–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcelis ATM, Koudijs A, Sudhölter EJR. Dimer liquid crystals with bent mesogenic units. Liq Cryst. 2000;27:1515–1523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itahara T, Nishino A. Liquid crystalline properties of 6-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4ꞌ-yloxy)hexyl 4ꞌ-[ω-(p-nitrophenyloxy)alkoxy]-4-biphenylcarboxylates. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2015;606:126–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cestari M, Diez-Berart S, Dunmur DA, et al. Phase behavior and properties of the liquid-crystal dimer 1ʹʹ,7ʹʹ-bis(4-cyanobiphenyl-4ʹ-yl) heptane: a twist-bend nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2011;84:031704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandle RJ, Goodby JW. Does topology dictate the incidence of the twist-bend phase? insights gained from novel unsymmetrical bimesogens. Chem Eur J. 2016;22:18456–18464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebastián N, López DO, Robles-Hernández B, et al. Dielectric, calorimetric and mesophase properties of 1ʹʹ-(2ʹ,4-difluorobiphenyl-4ʹ-yloxy)-9ʹʹ-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4ʹ-yloxy) nonane: an odd liquid crystal dimer with a monotropic mesophase having the characteristics of a twist-bend nematic phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2014;16:21391–21406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeu WHD, Raynes EP, Price AH, et al. Liquid crystalline materials: physical properties and intermolecular interactions [and discussion]. Philos Trans R Soc A. 1983;309:217–229.
   Google Scholar
• Gray GW. The chemistry of liquid crystals. Philos Trans R Soc A. 1983;309:77–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodby JW. Structures and properties of smectic liquid crystals. In: Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato T, et al., editors. The handbook of liquid crystals. Vol. 4. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2014. p. 43–68.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson P, Strzelecki L. Synthesis, characterization and X-ray diffraction studies of a new homologous series of cyano-substituted mesomorphic side chain polyacrylates. Liq Cryst. 1988;3:1583–1595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ungar G, Noble K, Percec V, et al. X-ray diffraction study of polyphilic smectic liquid crystals. J Mater Sci. 2000;35:5241–5246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson P, Levelut AM. Invited article. X-ray diffraction by mesomorphic comb-like polymers. Liq Cryst. 1992;11:469–517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapernaum N, Giesselmann F. Simple experimental assessment of smectic translational order parameters. Phys Rev E. 2008;78:062701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar