Sulfur-linked cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal dimers and the twist-bend nematic phase

References

• Cestari M, Diez-Berart S, Dunmur DA, et al. Phase behavior and properties of the liquid-crystal dimer 1 “,7 “-bis(4-cyanobiphenyl-4 ‘- yl) heptane: a twist-bend nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2011;84(3):031704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borshch V, Kim YK, Xiang J, et al. Nematic twist-bend phase with nanoscale modulation of molecular orientation. Nature Commun. 2013;4:2635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen D, Porada JH, Hooper JB, et al. Chiral heliconical ground state of nanoscale pitch in a nematic liquid crystal of achiral molecular dimers. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(40):15931–15936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu CH, Tuchband MR, Young A, et al. Resonant carbon K-edge soft X-ray scattering from lattice-free heliconical molecular ordering: soft dilative elasticity of the twist-bend liquid crystal phase. Phys Rev Lett. 2016;116(14):147803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer RB. Structural problems in liquid crystal physics, Les Houches summer school in theoretical physics 1973. In: Balian R, Weil G, editors. Molecular fluids. New York (NY): Gordon and Breach; 1976. p. 273–373.
   Google Scholar
• Dozov I. On the spontaneous symmetry breaking in the mesophases of achiral banana-shaped molecules. Europhys Lett. 2001;56(2):247–253.
   Google Scholar
• Imrie CT, Henderson PA. Liquid crystal dimers and higher oligomers: between monomers and polymers. Chem Soc Rev. 2007;36(12):2096–2124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imrie CT, Henderson PA, Yeap G-Y. Liquid crystal oligomers: going beyond dimers. Liq Cryst. 2009;36(6–7):755–777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panov VP, Nagaraj M, Vij JK, et al. Spontaneous periodic deformations in nonchiral planar-aligned bimesogens with a nematic-nematic transition and a negative elastic constant. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105(16):167801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sepelj M, Lesac A, Baumeister U, et al. Intercalated liquid-crystalline phases formed by symmetric dimers with an alpha,omega-diiminoalkylene spacer. J Mater Chem. 2007;17(12):1154–1165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abberley JP, Killah R, Walker R, et al. Heliconical smectic phases formed by achiral molecules. Nat Commun. 2018;9:228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salamonczyk M, Vaupotic N, Pociecha D, et al. Multi-level chirality in liquid crystals formed by achiral molecules. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam SP, Panov VP, Vij JK, et al. The N-TB phase in an achiral asymmetrical bent-core liquid crystal terminated with symmetric alkyl chains. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(1):244–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandle RJ. Designing liquid-crystalline oligomers to exhibit twist-bend modulated nematic phases. Chem Rec. 2018;18(9):1341–1349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandle RJ, Goodby JW. A nanohelicoidal nematic liquid crystal formed by a non-linear duplexed hexamer. Angew Chem-Int Ed. 2018;57(24):7096–7100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson FP, Mandle RJ, Moore JN, et al. Investigating the Cusp between the nano-and macro-sciences in supermolecular liquid-crystalline twist-bend nematogens. J Mater Chem C. 2017;5(21):5102–5110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandle RJ, Stevens MP, Goodby JW. Developments in liquid-crystalline dimers and oligomers. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(12–13):2046–2059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansze SM, Martinez-Felipe A, Storey JMD, et al. A twist-bend nematic phase driven by hydrogen bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2015;54(2):643–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker R, Pociecha D, Abberley JP, et al. Spontaneous chirality through mixing achiral components: a twist-bend nematic phase driven by hydrogen-bonding between unlike components. Chem Commun. 2018;54(27):3383–3386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson DA, Crawford CA, Pociecha D, et al. The role of a terminal chain in promoting the twist-bend nematic phase: the synthesis and characterisation of the 1-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4 ‘-yl)-6-(4-alkyloxyanilinebenzylidene-4 ‘-oxy)hexanes. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(13–15):2341–2351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe K, Tamura T, Kang SM, et al. Twist bend nematic liquid crystals prepared by one-step condensation of 4-(4-Pentylcyclohexyl) benzoic acid and alkyl diol. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(6):924–930.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawood AA, Grossel MC, Luckhurst GR, et al. Twist-bend nematics, liquid crystal dimers, structure-property relations. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(1):106–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panov VP, Vij JK, Mehl GH. Twist-bend nematic phase in cyanobiphenyls and difluoroterphenyls bimesogens. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(1):147–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson DA, Abberley JP, Harrison WT, et al. Cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal dimers and the twist-bend nematic phase. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(1):127–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson DA, Xiang J, Singh G, et al. Reversible isothermal twist-bend nematic-nematic phase transition driven by the photoisomerization of an Azobenzene-based nonsymmetric liquid crystal dinner. J Am Chem Soc. 2016;138(16):5283–5289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorecka E, Vaupotic N, Zep A, et al. (N-TB) phase of chiral materials. Angew Chem-Int Ed. 2015;54(35):10155–10159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker R, Pociecha D, Strachan G, et al. Molecular curvature, specific intermolecular interactions and the twist-bend nematic phase: the synthesis and characterisation of the 1-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yl)-6-(4-alkylanilinebenzylidene-4′-oxy)hexanes (CB6O.m). Soft Matter. 2019;15:3188–3197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco C, Luckhurst GR, Ferrarini A. Molecular geometry, twist-bend nematic phase and unconventional elasticity: a generalised Maier-Saupe theory. Soft Matter. 2014;10(46):9318–9323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawood AA, Grossel MC, Luckhurst GR, et al. On the twist-bend nematic phase formed directly from the isotropic phase. Liq Cryst. 2016;43(1):2–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pociecha D, Crawford CA, Paterson DA, et al. Critical behavior of the optical birefringence at the nematic to twist-bend nematic phase transition. Phys Rev E. 2018;98(5):052706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang J, Li YN, Li Q, et al. Electrically tunable selective reflection of light from ultraviolet to visible and infrared by heliconical cholesterics. Adv Mater. 2015;27(19):3014–3018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang J, Varanytsia A, Minkowski F, et al. Electrically tunable laser based on oblique heliconical cholesteric liquid crystal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113(46):12925–12928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emsley JW, Luckhurst GR, Shilstone GN, et al. The preparation and properties of the α,ω-bis(4,4ʹ-cyanobiphenyloxy)alkanes - nematogenic molecules with a flexible core. Molec Cryst Liq Cryst. 1984;102(8–9):223–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luckhurst GR. Liquid crystals: a chemical physicist’s view. Liq Cryst. 2005;32(11–12):1335–1364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arakawa Y, Komatsu K, Tsuji H. Twist-bend nematic liquid crystals based on thioether linkage. New J Chem. 2019;43:6786–6793.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisch MJ, Trucks GW, Schlegel HB, et al. Gaussian 09 (Revision B.01). Wallingford CT: Gaussian Inc.; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Paterson DA, Abberley JP, Harrison WT, et al. Cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal dimers and the twist-bend nematic phase. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(1):127–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson DA, Gao M, Kim YK, et al. Understanding the twist-bend nematic phase: the characterisation of 1-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4 ‘-yloxy)-6-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4 ‘-yl)hexane (CB6OCB) and comparison with CB7CB. Soft Matter. 2016;12(32):6827–6840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson DA, Walker R, Abberley JP, et al. Azobenzene-based liquid crystal dimers and the twist-bend nematic phase. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(12–13):2060–2078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abberley JP, Jansze SM, Walker R, et al. Structure-property relationships in twist-bend nematogens: the influence of terminal groups. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(1):68–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emsley JW, De Luca G, Lesage A, et al. The structure and conformation of a mesogenic compound between almost zero and almost complete orientational order. Liq Cryst. 2007;34(9):1071–1093.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarini M, Cignoni P, Montani C. Ambient occlusion and edge cueing for enhancing real time molecular visualization. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2006;12(5):1237–1244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu CH, Wang C, Young A, et al. Probing and controlling liquid crystal helical nanofilaments. Nano Lett. 2015;15(5):3420–3424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salamonczyk M, Mandle RJ, Makal A, et al. Double helical structure of the twist-bend nematic phase investigated by resonant X-ray scattering at the carbon and sulfur K-edges. Soft Matter. 2018;14(48):9760–9763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emerson APJ, Luckhurst GR. On the relative propensities of ether and methylene linkages for liquid-crystal formation in calamitics. Liq Cryst. 1991;10(6):861–868.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrarini A, Luckhurst GR, Nordio PL, et al. Prediction of the transitional properties of liquid-crystal dimers - a molecular-field calculation based on the surface tensor parametrization. J Chem Phys. 1994;100(2):1460–1469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson PA, Niemeyer O, Imrie CT. Methylene-linked liquid crystal dimers. Liq Cryst. 2001;28(3):463–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson PA, Seddon JM, Imrie CT. Methylene- and ether-linked liquid crystal dimers II. Effects of mesogenic linking unit and terminal chain length. Liq Cryst. 2005;32(11–12):1499–1513.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson PA, Imrie CT. Methylene-linked liquid crystal dimers and the twist-bend nematic phase. Liq Cryst. 2011;38(11–12):1407–1414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seed AJ, Toyne KJ, Goodby JW. Synthesis of some 2,4-disubstituted and 5,5-disubstituted thiophene systems and the effect of the pattern of substitution on the refractive-indexes, optical anisotropies, polarizabilities and order parameters in comparison with those of the parent biphenyl and dithienyl systems. J Mater Chem. 1995;5(4):653–661.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attard GS, Date RW, Imrie CT, et al. Nonsymmetrical dimeric liquid-crystals - the preparation and properties of the α-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4ʹ-yloxy)-ω-(4-n-alkylanilinebenzylidene-4ʹ-o xy)alkanes. Liq Cryst. 1994;16(4):529–581.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeap GY, Osman F, Imrie CT. Non-symmetric dimers: effects of varying the mesogenic linking unit and terminal substituent. Liq Cryst. 2015;42(4):543–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li XD, Lee SK, Kang SM, et al. Effect of Alkylthio tail on phase behaviors of bent-shaped molecules based on naphthalene core. Chem Lett. 2009;38(5):424–425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason EA, Kreevoy MM. A simple model for barriers to internal rotation. J Am Chem Soc. 1955;77(22):5808–5814.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imrie CT, Karasz FE, Attard GS. Effect of backbone flexibility on the transitional properties of side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers. Macromolecules. 1993;26(15):3803–3810.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imrie CT, Karasz FE, Attard GS. Comparison of the mesogenic properties of monomeric, dimeric, and side-chain polymeric liquid-crystals. Macromolecules. 1993;26(3):545–550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zong X, Fang Z, Wu C. Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of a series of dimers derived from thioether-terminated and cholesteryl. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(12):1844–1853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arakawa Y, Sasaki Y, Haraguchi N, et al. Synthesis, phase transitions and birefringence of novel liquid crystalline 1,4-phenylene bis(4-alkylthio benzoates) and insights into the cybotactic nematic behaviour. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(6):821–830.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arakawa Y, Inui S, Tsuji H. Novel diphenylacetylene-based room-temperature liquid crystalline molecules with alkylthio groups, and investigation of the role for terminal alkyl chains in mesogenic incidence and tendency. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(6):811–820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal SK, Raghunathan VA, Kumar S. Phase transitions in novel disulphide-bridged alkoxycyanobiphenyl dimers. Liq Cryst. 2007;34(2):135–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HC, Lu ZB, Henderson PA, et al. Cholesteryl-based liquid crystal dimers containing a sulfur-sulfur link in the flexible spacer. Liq Cryst. 2012;39(2):259–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauza S, Li J, Wu ST, et al. High birefringence and high resistivity isothiocyanate-based nematic liquid crystal mixtures. Liq Cryst. 2005;32(8):1077–1085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arakawa Y, Kang SM, Tsuji H, et al. The design of liquid crystalline bistolane-based materials with extremely high birefringence. RSC Adv. 2016;6(95):92845–92851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer C, Luckhurst GR, Dozov I. The temperature dependence of the heliconical tilt angle in the twist-bend nematic phase of the odd dimer CB7CB. J Mater Chem C. 2015;3(2):318–328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• To TBT, Sluckin TJ, Luckhurst GR. Molecular field theory for biaxial nematics formed from liquid crystal dimers and inhibited by the twist-bend nematic. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2017;19(43):29321–29332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar