The Magic 4-Cyanoresocinols - Their Role in the Understanding of Phenomena at the Rod-Banana Cross-Over and Relations to Twist-Bend Phases and Other Newly Emerging LC Phase Types

References

• Chandrasekhar S, Sadashiva BK, Suresh KA. Liquid crystals of disc-like molecules. Pramana. 1977;9:471–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madhusudana NV, Sadashiva BK, Moodithaya KPL. Re-entrant nematic phase in pure compound at atmospheric pressure. Curr Sci. 1979;48:613–614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrasekhar S, Ratna BR, Sadashiva BK, et al. A thermotropic biaxial nematic liquid crystal. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1988;165:123–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrasekhar S, Sadashiva BK, Srikanta BS. Paramagnetic nematic liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1987;15:93–107.
   Google Scholar
• Reddy RA, Sadashiva BK. Influence of fluorine substituent on the mesomorphic properties of five-ring ester banana-shaped molecules. Liq Cryst. 2003;30:1031–1050.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy RA, Raghunathan VA, Sadashiva BK. Novel ferroelectric and antiferroelectric smectic and columnar mesophases in fluorinated symmetrical bent-core compounds. Chem Mater. 2005;17:274–283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy RA, Sadashiva BK. New phase sequences in banana-shaped mesogens: influence of fluorine substituent in compounds derived from 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene. J Mater Chem. 2004;14:1936–1947.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy RA, Sadashiva BK. Direct transition from a nematic phase to a polar biaxial smectic A phase in a homologous series of unsymmetrically substituted bent-core compounds. J Mater Chem. 2004;14:310–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy RA, Sadashiva BK, Pratibha R, et al. Biaxial smectic A phase in homologous series of compounds composed of highly polar unsymmetrically substituted bent-core molecules. J Mater Chem. 2002;12:943–950.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy HNS, Sadashiva BK. A polar biaxial smectic A phase in new unsymmetrical compounds composed of bent-core molecules. Liq Cryst. 2004;31:567–578.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo L, Dhara S, Sadashiva BK, et al. Polar switching in the smectic-AdPA phase composed of asymmetric bent-core molecules. Phys Rev E. 2010;81:011703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dantlgraber G, Eremin A, Diele S, et al. Chirality and macroscopic polar order in a ferroelectric smectic liquid crystalline phase formed by achiral polyphilic bent-core molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2002;41:2408–2412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amaranatha RA, Sadashiva BK. Ferroelectric properties exhibited by mesophases of compounds composed of achiral banana-shaped molecules. J Mater Chem. 2002;12:2627–2632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratibha R, Madhusudana NV, Sadashiva BK. An orientational transition of bent-core molecules in an anisotropic matrix. Science. 2000;288:2184–2187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegmann T, Kain J, Diele S, et al. Evidence for the existence of the mcmillan phase in a binary system of a metallomesogen and 2,4,7-Trinitrofluorenone. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2001;40:887–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray GW, Harrison KJ, Nash JA. New family of nematic liquid crystals for displays. Electron Lett. 1973;9:130–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadashiva BK, Reddy RA, Pratibha R, et al. Biaxial smectic A liquid crystal in a pure compound. Chem Commun. 2001;2140–2141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadashiva BK, Reddy RA, Pratibha R, et al. Biaxial smectic A phase in homologous series of compounds composed of highly polar unsymmetrically substituted bent-core molecules. J Mater Chem. 2002;12:943–950.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith C, Reddy RA, Hauser A, et al. Silicon-containing polyphilic bent-core molecules: the importance of nanosegregation for the development of chirality and polar order in liquid crystalline phases formed by achiral molecules. J Am Chem Soc. 2006;126:3051–3066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith C, Reddy RA, Tschierske C. The first example of a liquid crystalline side-chain polymer with bent-core mesogenic units: ferroelectric switching and spontaneous achiral symmetry breaking in an achiral polymer. Chem Commun. 2005;871–873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith C, Reddy RA, Hahn H, et al. The carbosilane unit as a stable building block for liquid crystal design: a new class of ferroelectric switching banana-shaped mesogens. Chem Commun. 2004;1898–1899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy RA, Tschierske C. Bent-core liquid crystals: polar order, superstructural chirality and spontaneous desymmetrisation in soft matter systems. J Mater Chem. 2006;16:907–961.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Baumeister U, Tschierske C, et al. Achiral bent-core molecules with a series of linear or branched carbosilane termini: dark conglomerate phases, supramolecular chirality and macroscopic polar order. Chem Mater. 2010;22:2869–2884.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy RA, Zhu C, Shao R, et al. Spontaneous ferroelectric order in a bent-core smectic liquid crystal of fluid orthorhombic layers. Science. 2011;332:72–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer RB. Structural problems in liquid crystal physics, molecular fluids. In: Balian RG, and Weil Geditors. Les houches summer school in theoretical physics. New York (NY): Gordon and Breach; 1976. p. 271–343.
   Google Scholar
• Dozov I. On the spontaneous symmetry breaking in the mesophases of achiral banana-shaped molecules. Europhys Lett. 2001;56:247–253.
   Google Scholar
• Panov VP, Nagaraj M, Vij JK, et al. Spontaneous periodic deformations in nonchiral planar aligned bimesogens with a nematic-nematic transition and a negative elastic constant. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:167801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cestari M, Diez-Berart S, Dunmur DA, et al. Phase behavior and properties of the liquid-crystal dimer 1″,7″-bis (4-cyanobiphenyl-4ʹ-yl) heptane: a twist-Bend nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2011;84:031704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson PA, Imrie CT. Methylene-linked liquid crystal dimers and the twist-Bend nematic phase. Liq Cryst. 2011;38:1407–1414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borshch V, Kim YK, Xiang J, et al. Nematic twist-Bend phase with nanoscale modulation of molecular orientation. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen D, Porada JH, Hooper JB, et al. Chiral heliconical ground state of nanoscale pitch in a nematic liquid crystal of achiral molecular dimers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:15931–15936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandle RJ, Davis EJ, Archbold CT, et al. Microscopy studies of the nematic NTB phase of 1,11-di-(100-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)undecane. J Mater Chem C. 2014;2:556–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson DA, Abberley JP, Harrison WTA, et al. Cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal dimers and the twist-Bend nematic phase. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:127–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandle RJ, Goodby JW. Molecular flexibility and bend in semi-rigid liquid crystals: implications for the heliconical nematic ground state. Chem Eur J. 2019;25:14454–14459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandle JM. The dependency of twist-Bend nematic liquid crystals on molecular structure: a progression from dimers to trimers, oligomers and polymers. Soft Matter. 2016;12:7883–7901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy RA, Sadashiva BK. Helical superstructures in the mesophase of compounds derived from 2-cyanoresorcinol. Liq Cryst. 2002;29:1365–1367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy HNS, Sadashiva BK. Banana-shaped mesogens: a new homologous series of compounds exhibiting the B7 mesophase. Liq Cryst. 2003;30:1051–1055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy RA, Sadashiva BK. Unusual mesomorphic behaviour in bent-core compounds derived from 5-cyanoresorcinol. Liq Cryst. 2004;31:1069–1081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelzl G, Diele S, Jakli A, et al. Helical superstructures in a novel smectic mesophase formed by achiral banana-shaped molecules. Liq Cryst. 2006;33:1519–1523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman DA, Fernsler J, Chattham N, et al. Polarization-modulated smectic liquid crystal phases. Science. 2003;301:1204–1211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissflog W, Kovalenko L, Wirth I, et al. SmA–SmC–B2 polymorphism in an achiral cyano substituted banana-shaped mesogen. Liq Cryst. 2000;27:677–681.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunemann U, Schröder MW, Reddy RA, et al. The influence of lateral substituents on the mesophase behaviour of bananashaped mesogens. Part II. J Mater Chem. 2005;15:4051–4061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovalenko L, Schröder MW, Reddy RA, et al. Unusual mesomorphic behaviour of new bent-core mesogens derived from 4-cyanoresorcinol. Liq Cryst. 2005;32:857–865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelzl G, Weissflog W. Mesophase behaviour at the borderline between calamitic and banana-shaped mesogens. In: Ramamoorthy A, editor. Thermotropic Liquid Crystals: Recent Advances. The Netherlands: Springer; 2007. p. 1–58.
   Google Scholar
• Weissflog W, Murthy HNS, Diele S, et al. Relationships between molecular structure and physical properties in bent-core mesogens. Phil Trans Royal Soc A. 2006;364:2657–2679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eremin A, Diele S, Pelzl G, et al. Experimental evidence for an achiral orthogonal biaxial smectic phase without in-plane order exhibiting antiferroelectric switching behavior. Phys Rev E. 2001;64:051707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan L, McCoy BK, Wang S, et al. Surface and bulk uniaxial to biaxial smectic-A transition in a bent core liquid crystal. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:117802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pociecha D, Gorecka E, Čepič M, et al. Polar order and tilt in achiral smectic phases. Phys Rev E. 2006;74:021702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith C, Lehmann A, Baumeister U, et al. Nematic phases of bent-core mesogens. Soft Matter. 2010;6:1704–1721.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelzl G, Diele S, Weissflog W. Banana-shaped compounds-A new field of liquid crystals. Adv Mater. 1999;11:707–724.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takezoe H, Takanishi Y. Bent-core liquid crystals: their mysterious and attractive world. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2006;45:597–625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takezoe H, Eremin A. Bent-shaped Liquid Crystals. Structures and Physical Properties. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Tschierske C, Photinos DJ. Biaxial nematic phases. J Mater Chem. 2010;20:4263–4294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschierske C, Zaschke H. A mild and convenient esterification of sensitive carboxylic acids. J prakt Chem. 1989;331:365–366.
   Google Scholar
• Shanker G, Nagaraj M, Kocot A, et al. Nematic phases in 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based bent-core liquid crystals: is there a ferroelectric switching? Adv Funct Mater. 2012;22:1671–1683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vita F, Adamo FC, Francescangeli O. Polar order in bent-core nematics: an overview. J Mol Liq. 2018;267:564–573.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vita F, Adamo FC, Pisani M, et al. Nanostructure of unconventional liquid crystals investigated by synchrotron radiation. Nanomaterials. 2020;10:1679.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakli A. Liquid crystals of the twenty-first century – nematic phase of bent-core molecules. Liq Cryst Rev. 2013;1:65–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vries A. X-ray photographic studies of liquid crystals I. A cybotactic nematic phase. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1970;10:219–236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong SH, Verduzco R, Williams JC, et al. Short-range smectic order in bent-core nematic liquid crystals. Soft Matter. 2010;6:4819–4827.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghilardi M, Adamo FC, Vita F, et al. Comparative 2H NMR and X-ray dffraction investigation of a bent-core liquid crystal showing a nematic phase. Crystals. 2020;10:284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanker G, Prehm M, Nagaraj M, et al. 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based bent-core liquid crystals with cybotactic nematic phases. ChemPhysChem. 2014;15:1323–1335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francescangeli O, Vita F, Samulski ET. The cybotactic nematic phase of bent-core mesogens: state of the art and future developments. Soft Matter. 2014;10:7685–7691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleeson HF, Kaur S, Görtz V, et al. The nematic phases of bent-core liquid crystals. ChemPhysChem. 2014;15:1251–1260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang Y, Panov VP, Kocot A, et al. Short-range correlations seen in the nematic phase of bent-core liquid crystals by dielectric and electro-optic studies. Phys Rev E. 2011;84:060701(R).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panarin YP, Sreenilayam SP, Vij JK, et al. Formation and development of nanometer-sized cybotactic clusters in bent-core nematic liquid crystalline compounds. Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2018;9:1288–1296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaupotic N, Szydlowska J, Salamonczyk M , et al. Structure studies of the nematic phase formed by bent-core molecules.Phys Rev E. 2009;80:030701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Gao M, Diorio N, et al. Direct observation of smectic layers in thermotropic liquid crystals. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;109:107802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao M, Kim Y-K, Zhang C, et al. Direct observation of liquid crystals using cryo-TEM: specimen preparation and low-dose imaging. Mic Res Technol. 2014;77:754–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty A, Das MK, Das B, et al. Rotational viscosity measurements of bent-core nematogens. Soft Matter. 2013;9:4273–4283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandran R, Panov VP, Vij JK, et al. Effect of cybotactic clusters on the elastic and flexoelectric properties of bent-core liquid crystals belonging to the same homologous series. Phys Rev E. 2013;88:032503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam SP, Panarin YP, Vij JK, et al. Flexoelectric polarization studies in bent-core nematic liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 2015;92:022502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madhuri PL, Hiremath US, Yelamaggad CV, et al. Influence of virtual surfaces on Frank elastic constants in a polymer-stabilized bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2016;93:042706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cestari M, Frezza E, Ferrarini A, et al. Crucial role of molecular curvature for the bend elastic and flexoelectric properties of liquid crystals: mesogenic dimers as a case study. J Mater Chem. 2011;21:12303–12308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varshini GV, Rao DSS, Hiremath US, et al. Dielectric and viscoelastic investigations in a binary system of soft- and rigid-bent mesogens exhibiting the twist-Bend nematic phase. J Mol Liq. 2012;323:114987.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadapatri P, Hiremath US, Yelamaggad CV, et al. Patterned electroconvective states in a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. J Phys Chem B. 2010;114:10–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy KS, Tadapatri P, Viswanatha P. Dislocations and metastable chevrons in the electroconvective in plane normal roll state of a bent core nematic liquid crystal. Soft Matter. 2014;10:7316–7327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang Y, Panov VP, Keith C, et al. Sign reversal in the dielectric anisotropy as functions of temperature and frequency in the nematic phase of a bent-core liquid crystal. Appl Phys Lett. 2010;97:152903.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschierske C, Ungar G. Mirror symmetry breaking by chirality synchronisation in liquids and liquid crystals of achiral molecules. ChemPhysChem. 2016;17:9–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschierske C. Mirror symmetry breaking in liquids and liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 2018;45:2221–2252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latinwo F, Stillinger FH, Debenedetti G. Molecular model for chirality phenomena. J Chem Phys. 2016;145:154503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanker G, Nagaraj M, Kocot A, et al. Nematic phases in 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based bent-core liquid crystals: is there a F erroelectric switching? Adv Funct Mater. 2012;22:1671–1683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato, et al. Handbook of Liquid Crystals. 2nd ed. Vol. 5 (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH) 2014 ; p. 34–36.
   Google Scholar
• Breckon R, Chakraborty S, Zhang C, et al. Nanostructures of nematic materials of laterally branched molecules. ChemPhysChem. 2014;15:1457–1462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim Y-K, Cukrov G, Vita F, et al. Search for microscopic and macroscopic biaxiality in the cybotactic nematic phase of new oxadiazole bent-core mesogens. Phys Rev E. 2016;93:062701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim Y-K, Majumdar M, Senyuk BI, et al. Search for biaxiality in a shape-persistent bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Soft Matter. 2012;8:8880–8890.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaraj M, Panarin YP, Manna U, et al. Electric field induced biaxiality and the electrooptic effecting a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Appl Phys Lett. 2010;96:011106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang Y, Panov VP, Kocot A, et al. Optical confirmation of biaxial nematic (Nb) phase in a bent-core mesogen. Appl Phys Lett. 2009;95:183304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiappini M, Drwenski T, van Roij R, et al. Biaxial, twist-bend, and splay-bend nematic phases of banana-shaped particles, revealed by lifting the “smectic blanket”. Phys Rev Lett. 2019;123:068001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ocak H, Bilgin-Eran B, Prehm M, et al. Effects of chain branching and chirality on liquid crystalline phases of bent-core molecules: blue phases, de Vries transitions and switching of diastereomeric states. Soft Matter. 2011;7:8266–8280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green AAS, Tuchband MR, Shao R, et al. Chiral incommensurate helical phase in a smectic of achiral bent-core mesogens. Phys Rev Lett. 2019;122:107801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann A, Alaasar M, Poppe M, et al. Stereochemical rules govern the soft self-assembly of achiral compounds: understanding the heliconical liquid-crystalline phases of bent-core mesogens. Chem Eur J. 2020;26:4714–4733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaraj M, Lehmann A, Prehm M, et al. Evidence of a polar cybotactic smectic A phase in a new fluorine substituted bent-core compound. J Mater Chem. 2011;21:17098–17103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim Y-K, Cukrov G, Xiang J, et al. Domain walls and anchoring transitions mimicking nematic biaxiality in the oxadiazole bent-core liquid crystal C7. Soft Matter. 2015;11:3963–3970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arakawa Y, Ishida Y, Komatsu K, et al. Thioether-linked benzylideneaniline-based twist-Bend nematic liquid crystal dimers: insights into spacer lengths, mesogenic arm structures, and linkage types. Tetrahedron. 2021;95:132351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao Y, Feng C, Jakli A, et al. Deciphering chiral structures in soft materials via resonant soft and tender X-ray scattering. Giant. 2020;2:100018.
   Google Scholar
• Lewandowski W, Vaupotič N, Pociecha D, et al. Chirality of liquid crystals formed from achiral molecules revealed by resonant X-ray scattering. Adv Mater. 2020;1905591.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, Nagaraj M, et al. A liquid crystalline phase with uniform tilt, local polar order and capability of symmetry breaking. Adv Mater. 2013;25:2186–2191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, May K, et al. 4-cyanoresorcinol-based bent-core mesogens with azobenzene wings: emergence of sterically stabilized polar order in liquid crystalline phases. Adv Funct Mater. 2014;24:1703–1717.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, Poppe S, et al. Development of polar order by liquid-crystal self-assembly of weakly bent molecules. Chem Eur J. 2017;23:5541–5556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, Tamba M-G, et al. Development of polar order in the liquid crystalline phases of a 4-cyanoresorcinol-based bent-core mesogen with fluorinated azobenzene wings. ChemPhysChem. 2016;17:278–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, Belau S, et al. Polar order, mirror symmetry breaking, and photoswitching of chirality and polarity in functional bent-core mesogens. Chem Eur J. 2019;25:6362–6377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poppe M, Alaasar M, Lehmann A, et al. Controlling the formation of heliconical smectic phases by molecular design of achiral bent-core molecules. J Mater Chem C. 2020;8:3316–3336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pociecha D, Cepic M, Gorecka E, et al. Ferroelectric mesophase with randomized interlayer structure. Phys Rev Lett. 2003;91:185501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimbo Y, Gorecka E, Pociecha D, et al. Electric-field-induced polar biaxial order in a nontilted smectic phase of an asymmetric bent-core liquid crystal. Phys Rev Lett. 2006;97:113901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta M, Datta S, Radhika S, et al. Randomly polarised smectic A phase exhibited by bent-core molecules: experimental and theoretical studies. Soft Matter. 2011;7:4735–4741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomola K, Guo L, Pociecha D, et al. An optically uniaxial antiferroelectric smectic phase in asymmetrical bent-core compounds containing a 3-aminophenol central unit. J Mater Chem. 2010;20:7944–7952.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebastian N, Belau S, Eremin A, et al. Emergence of polar order and tilt in terephthalate based bent-core liquid crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2017;19:5895–5905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanker G, Prehm M, Nagaraj M, et al. Development of polar order in a bent-core liquid crystal with a new sequence of two orthogonal smectic and an adjacent nematic phase. J Mater Chem. 2012;21:18711–18714.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, Poppe M, et al. Development of polar order and tilt in lamellar liquid crystalline phases of a bent-core mesogen. Soft Matter. 2014;10:5003–5016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty S, Das MK, Keith C, et al. Study of ferro- and anti-ferroelectric polar order in mesophases exhibited by bent-core mesogens. Mater Adv. 2020;1:5902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link DR, Natale G, Shao R, et al. Spontaneous formation of macroscopic chiral domains in a fluid smectic phase of achiral molecules. Science. 1997;278:1924–1927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith C, Prehm M, Paranin YP, et al. Development of polar order in liquid crystalline phases of a banana compound with a unique sequence of three orthogonal phases. Chem Commun. 2010;46:3702–3704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam S, Panarin YP, Vij JK, et al. Biaxial order parameter in the homologous series of orthogonal bent-core smectic liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 2013;88:012504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam S, Panarin YP, Vij JK, et al. Physical properties of SmAb phase in an achiral bent-core smectic liquid crystals. Ferroelectrics. 2012;431:196–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam S, Panarin YP, Vij JK, et al. Occurrence of five different orthogonal smectic phases in a bent-core (BC) liquid crystal. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2015;610:116–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaraj M, Sreenilayam S, Panarin YP, et al. Electric field induced transformations and dielectric properties in non-tilted phases of a bent-core smectic liquid crystal. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2011;540:82–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam S, Nagaraj M, Panarin YP, et al. Properties of non-tilted bent-core smectic liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2012;553:140–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam S, Nagaraj M, Panarin YP, et al. Structure and polymorphism of biaxial bent-core smectic liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2012;553:133–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam S, Panarin YP, Vij JK, et al. Biaxial order parameter in an achiral bent-core smectic liquid crystals. Ferroelectrics. 2012;431:190–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirth I, Diele S, Eremin A, et al. New variants of polymorphism in banana-shaped mesogens with cyano-substituted central core. J Mater Chem. 2001;11:1642–1650.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panarin YP, Nagaraj M, Vij JK, et al. Field-induced transformations in the biaxial order of non-tilted phases in a bent-core smectic liquid crystal. Eur Phys Lett. 2010;92:26002.
   Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam SP, Panarin YP, Vij JK, et al. Fast linear electrooptic effect in non-chiral bent core nematic liquid crystals. Ferroelectrics. 2016;495:35–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaraj M, Panarin YP, Vij JK, et al. Liquid crystal display modes in a nontilted bent-core biaxial smectic liquid crystal. Appl Phys Lett. 2010;97:213505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam SP, Panarin YP, Vij KJ, et al. Development of ferroelectricity in the smectic phases of 4-cyanoresorcinol derived achiral bent-core liquid crystals with long terminal alkyl chains. Phys Rev Mater. 2017;1:035604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panarin YP, Sreenilayam SP, Swaminathan V, et al. Observation of an anomalous SmA-SmC-SmA phase sequence in a bent- core liquid crystal derived from 4-cyanoresorcinol. Phys Rev Res. 2020;2:013118.
   Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam SP, Panarin YP, Vij JK, et al. Spontaneous helix formation in non-chiral bent-core liquid crystals with fast linear electro-optic effect. Nat Commun. 2016;7:11369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vij JK, Panarin YP, Sreenilayam SP, et al. Investigation of the heliconical smectic SmCSPFhel phase in achiral bent-core mesogens derived from 4-cyanoresorcinol. Phys Rev Mater. 2019;3:045603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panarin YP, Nagaraj M, Sreenilayam S, et al. Sequence of four orthogonal smectic phases in an achiral bent-core liquid crystal: evidence for the SmAPα phase. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;107:247801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagerwall ST. Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda A, Takanishi Y, Isozaki T, et al. Antiferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystals. J Mater Chem. 1994;4:997–1016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takezoe H, Gorecka E, Cepic M. Antiferroelectric liquid crystals: interplay of simplicity and complexity. Rev Mod Phys. 2010;82:897–937.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakata M, Shao R-F, Maclennan JE, et al. Electric-field-induced chirality flipping in smectic liquid crystals: the role of anisotropic viscosity. Phys Rev Lett 2006 . 96():067802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panarin YP, Sreenilayam SP, Vij JK, et al. A fast linear electro-optical effect in a non-chiral bent-core liquid crystal. J Mater Chem C. 2017;5:12585–12590.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer C, Davidson P, Constantin D. Freedericksz-like transition in a biaxial smectic-A phase. Phys Rev X. 2021;11:031012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mach P, Pindak R, Levelut A-M, et al. Structures of chiral smectic-C mesophases revealed by polarization-analyzed resonant x-ray scattering. Phys Rev E. 1999;60:6793–6802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagerwall JPF. Demonstration of the antiferroelectric aspect of the helical superstructures in Sm-C*, Sm-Cα*, and Sm-Ca* liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 2005;71:051703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panov VP, Shtykov NM, Fukuda A, et al. Self-assembled uniaxial and biaxial multilayer structures in chiral smectic liquid crystals frustrated between ferro- and antiferroelectricity. Phys Rev E. 2004;69:060701(R).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazar C, Yang K, Glaser MA, et al. Ferroelectric liquid crystal induced by a bridged biphenyl dopant with helical topography. J Mater Chem. 2002;12:586–592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco C, Ferrarini A. Entropy-driven chiral order in a system of achiral bent particles. Phys Rev Lett. 2015;115:147801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuyama A. Phase transitions of heliconical smectic-C and heliconical nematic phases in banana-shaped liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 2020;101:050701(R).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abberley JP, Killah R, Walker R, et al. Heliconical smectic phases formed by achiral molecules. Nat Commun. 2018;9:228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salamończyk M, Vaupotič N, Pociecha D, et al. Multi-level chirality in liquid crystals formed by achiral molecules. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandle RJ, Goodby JW. A twist-Bend nematic to an intercalated, anticlinic, biaxial phase transition in liquid crystal bimesogens. Soft Matter. 2016;12:1436–1443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker R, Pociecha D, Storey JMD, et al. Remarkable smectic phase behaviour in odd-membered liquid crystal dimers: the CT6O.m series. J Mater Chem C. 2021;9:5167–5173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beguin L, Emsley JW, Lelli M, et al. The chirality of a twist−Bend nematic phase identified by NMR spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B. 2012;116:7940–7951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivsic T, Vinkovic M, Baumeister U, et al. Milestone in the NTB phase investigation and beyond: direct insight into molecular self-assembly. Soft Matter. 2014;10:9334–9342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson WD, Zeng XB, Welsch C, et al. Macroscopic chirality of twist-Bend nematic phase in bent dimers confirmed by circular dichroism. J Mater Chem C. 2020;8:1041–1047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salamonczyk M, Mandle RJ, Makal A, et al. Double helical structure of the twist-Bend nematic phase investigated by resonant X-ray scattering at the carbon and sulfur K-edges. Soft Matter. 2018;14:9760–9763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson WD, Ahmed Z, Zeng XB, et al. Molecular organization in the twist–Bend nematic phase by resonant X-ray scattering at the Se K-edge and by SAXS, WAXS and GIXRD. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2017;19:13449–13454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emsley JW, Lelli M, Lesage A, et al. A comparison of the conformational distributions of the achiral symmetric liquid crystal dimer CB7CB in the achiral nematic and chiral twist-bend nematic phases. J Phys Chem B. 2013;117:6547–6557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Y, Sun Z, Chen R, et al. Effect of conformational chirality on optical activity observed in a smectic of achiral, bent-core molecules. J Phys Chem B. 2017;121:6944–6950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuyama A. Twist-bend nematic phases of bananashaped molecules with an axial chirality. Liq Cryst. 2019;46:2301–2321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toxvaerd S. Molecular dynamics simulations of isomerization kinetics in condensed fluids. Phys Rev Lett. 2000;22:4747–4750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dressel C, Reppe T, Prehm M, et al. Chiral self-sorting and amplification in isotropic liquids of achiral molecules. Nat Chem. 2014;6:971–977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng X, Ungar G. Spontaneously chiral cubic liquid crystal: three interpenetrating networks with twist. J Mater Chem. 2020;8:5389–5398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu H, Zeng XB, Ungar G, et al. The solution of the puzzle of smectic-Q: the phase structure and the origin of spontaneous chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2018;57:2835–2840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dressel C, Liu F, Prehm M, et al. Dynamic mirror-symmetry breaking in bicontinuous cubic phases. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2014;53:13115–13120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reppe T, Poppe S, Cai X, et al. Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking in benzil-based soft crystalline, cubic liquid crystalline and isotropic liquid phases. Chem Sci. 2020;11:5902–5908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeldovich YB. Pseudoscalar liquid crystals. Zh Eksp Teor Fiz. 1971;67:2357–2361.
   Google Scholar
• Kats EI. Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in liquid crystals. Low Temp Phys. 2017;43:5–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takezoe H. Spontaneous achiral symmetry breaking in liquid crystalline phases. Top Curr Chem. 2012;318:303–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacques J, Collet A, Wilen SH. Enantiomers, racemates, and resolutions. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, Inc; 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Dutta S, Gellman AJ. Enantiomer surface chemistry: conglomerate versus racemate formation on surfaces. Chem Soc Rev. 2017;46:7787–7839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuhrhop J-H, Helfrich W. Fluid and solid fibers made of lipid molecular bilayers. Chem Rev. 1993;93:1585.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novotna V, Glogarova M, Kaspar M, et al. Reentrant orthogonal smectic-A phase below a tilted smectic-C phase in a chiral compound. Phys Rev E. 2011;83:020701(R.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissflog W, Lischka C, Diele S, et al. The inverse phase sequence SmA–SmC in symmetric dimeric liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 2000;27:43–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertelj A, Cmok L, Sebastián N, et al. Splay nematic phase. Phys Rev X. 2018;8:041025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Körblova E, Dong D, et al. First-principles experimental demonstration of ferroelectricity in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal: polar domains and striking electro-optics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117:14021–14031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiappini M, Dijkstra M. A generalized density-modulated twist-splay-Bend phase of banana-shaped particles. Nat Commun. 2021;12:2157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revignas D, Ferrarini A. From bend to splay dominated elasticity in nematics. Crystals. 2021;11:831.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Rico C, Chiappini M, Yanagishima T, et al. Shaping colloidal bananas to reveal biaxial, splay-Bend nematic, and smectic phases. Science. 2020;369:950–955.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelzl G, Eremin A, Diele S, et al. Spontaneous chiral ordering in the nematic phase of an achiral bananashaped compound. J Mater Chem. 2002;12:2591–2593.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Görtz V, Southern C, Roberts NW, et al. Unusual properties of a bent-core liquid-crystalline fluid. Soft Matter. 2009;5:463–471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salter PS, Tschierske C, Elston SJ, et al. Flexoelectric measurements of a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2011;84:031708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang Y, Balachandran R, Keith C, et al. Chirality of an achiral bent-core nematic mesogens observed in planar and homeotropic cells under certain conditions. Soft Matter. 2012;8:10479–10485.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietrich CF. Lyotropic nematic liquid crystals: interplay between small twist elastic constant and chirality effects under confined geometries. Liq Cryst Today. 2021;30:2–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longa L, Pająk G, Wydro T. Chiral symmetry breaking in bent-core liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 2009;7:040701(R).
   Google Scholar
• Pleiner H, Brand HR. Tetrahedral order in liquid crystals. Braz J Phys. 2016;46:565–595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hough LE, Spannuth M, Nakata M, et al. Chiral isotropic liquids from achiral molecules. Science. 2009;325:452–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le KV, Takezoe H, Araoka F. Chiral superstructure mesophases of achiral bent-shaped molecules –hierarchical chirality amplification and physical properties. Adv Mater. 2017;1602737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westphal E, Gallardo H, Sebastian N, et al. Liquid crystalline self-assembly of 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole based bent-core molecules and the influence of carbosilane end-groups. J Mater Chem. 2019;7:3064–3081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshizawa A. Molecular design of flexible liquid crystal oligomers stabilising the chiral frustrated phases. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:1877–1893.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westphal E, Gallardo H, Caramori GF, et al. Polar order and symmetry breaking at the bounary between bent-core and rodlike molecular forms. When 4-cyanoresorcinol meets carbosilane end groups. Chem Eur J. 2016;22:8181–8197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Influence of halogen substituent on the mesomorphic properties of five-ring banana-shaped molecules with azobenzene wings. Liq Cryst. 2013;40:656–668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, Tschierske C. A new room temperature dark conglomerate mesophase formed by bent-core molecules combining 4-iodoresorcinol with azobenzene units. Chem Commun. 2013;49:11062–11064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, Brautzsch M, et al. 4-methylresorcinol-based bent-core liquid crystals with azobenzene wings – a new class of compounds with dark conglomerate phases. J Mater Chem C. 2014;2:5487–5501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, Brautzsch M, et al. Dark conglomerate phases of azobenzene derived bent-core mesogens – relationships between the molecular structure and mirror symmetry breaking in soft matter. Soft Matter. 2014;10:7285–7296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Helical nano-crystallite (HNC) phases: chirality synchronization of achiral bent-core mesogens in a new type of dark conglomerates. Chem Eur J. 2016;22:6583–6597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Mirror symmetry breaking in fluorinated bent-core mesogens. RSC Adv. 2016;6:82890–82899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith C, Reddy RA, Prehm M, et al. Layer frustration, polar order and chirality in liquid crystalline phases silyl-terminated achiral bent-core molecules. Chem Eur J. 2007;13:2556–2577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lansac Y, Maiti PK, Clark NA, et al. Phase behavior of bent-core molecules. Phys Rev E. 2003;67:011703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chattham N, Tamba M-G, Stannarius R, et al. Leaning-type polar smectic-C phase in a freely suspended bent-core liquid crystal film. Phys Rev E. 2015;91:030502(R.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chattham N, Korblova E, Shao R, et al. de Gennes’ triclinic smectics – not so far-fetched after all. Liq Cryst. 2009;36:1309–1317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovářová A, Světlík S, Kozmík V, et al. Unusual polymorphism in new bent-shaped liquid crystals based on biphenyl as a central molecular core. Beilstein J Org Chem. 2014;10:794–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W-H, Chuang W-T, Jeng U-S, et al. New SmCG phases in a hydrogen-bonded bent-core liquid crystal featuring a branched siloxane terminal group. J Am Chem Soc. 2011;133:15674–15685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Diorio N, Radhika S, et al. Two distinct modulated layer structures of an asymmetric bent-shape smectic liquid crystal. Liq Cryst. 2012;39:1149–1153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ocak H, Poppe M, Bilgin-Eran B, et al. Effects of molecular chirality on self-assembly and switching in liquid crystals at the cross-over between rod-like and bent shapes. Soft Matter. 2016;12:7405–7422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walba DM, Körblova E, Shao R, et al. A ferroelectric liquid crystal conglomerate composed of racemic molecules. Science. 2000;288:2181–2184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumazawa K, Nakata M, Araoka F, et al. Important role played by interlayer steric interactions for the emergence of the ferroelectric phase in bent-core mesogens. J Mater Chem. 2004;14:157–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, O’Callaghan MJ, Baumeister U, et al. Bent-core mesogens with branched carbosilane termini: flipping suprastructural chirality without reversing polarity. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2008;47:6892–6896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ocak H, Bilgin Eran B, Nuray S, et al. Extraordinary magnetic field effects on the LC phases of homochiral and racemic 4-cyanoresorcinol-based diamagnetic bent-core mesogens. J Mater Chem C. 2021;9:1895–1910.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V, Marini A, Veracini CA, et al. Effect of the magnetic field on the supramolecular structure of chiral smectic C phases: 2HNMR studies. ChemPhysChem. 2007;8:2575–2587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V, Veracini CA, Novotna V, et al. Twist grain boundary liquid-crystalline phases under the effect of the magnetic field: a complete 2H and 13C NMR study. ChemPhysChem. 2008;9:556–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ocak H, Canli NY, Bilgin Eran B. synthesis, mesomorphic and dielectric properties of new bent-core liquid crystal with a terminal lactate group. J Mol Struct. 2021;1223:128975.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le KV, Hafuri M, Ocak H, et al. Unusual electro-optic Kerr response in a self-stabilized amorphous blue phase with nanoscale smectic clusters. ChemPhysChem. 2016;17:1425–1429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gim M-J, Hur S-T, Park KW, et al. Photoisomerization-induced stable liquid crystalline cubic blue phase. Chem Commun. 2012;48:9968–9970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gim M-J, Han G, Choi SW, et al. Thermal phase transition behaviours of the blue phase of bent-core nematogen and chiral dopant mixtures under different boundary conditions. Soft Matter. 2014;10:8224–8228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Shen D, Wang X, et al. Wide blue phase range induced by bent-shaped molecules with acrylate end groups. Opt Mater Exp. 2016;6:436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ocak H, Bilgin-Eran B, Güzeller D, et al. Twist grain boundary (TGB) states of chiral liquid crystalline bent-core mesogens. Chem Commun. 2015;51:7512–7515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy RA, Sadashiva BK, Baumeister U. Liquid crystalline properties of unsymmetrical bent-core compounds containing chiral moieties. J Mater Chem. 2005;15:3303–3316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taushanoff S, Van Le K, Williams J, et al. Stable amorphous blue phase of bent-core nematic liquid crystals doped with a chiral material. J Mater Chem. 2010;20:5893–5898.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaasar M, Poppe S, Kerzig C, et al. Cluster phases of 4-cyanoresorcinol derived hockey-stick liquid crystals. J Mater Chem C. 2017;5:8454–8468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosata B, Tamba G-M, Baumeister U, et al. Liquid-crystalline dimers composed of bent-core mesogenic units. Chem Mater. 2006;18:691–701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Yoon HG, Bisoyi HK, et al. Hybrid rod-like and bent-core liquid crystal dimers exhibiting biaxial smectic a and nematic phases. J Mater Chem. 2012;22:20363–20367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanker G, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Laterally connected bent-core dimers and bent-core-rod couples with nematic liquid crystalline phases. J Mater Chem. 2012;22:168–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yelamaggad CV, Prasad SK, Nair GG, et al. Low-molar-mass, monodispersive, bent-rod dimer exhibiting biaxial nematic and smectic a phases. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2004;43:3429–3432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Zheng Z-G, Bisoyi HK, et al. Thermally reversible full color selective reflection in a self-organized helical superstructure enabled by a bent-core oligomesogen exhibiting a twist-Bend nematic phase. Mater Horiz. 2016;3:442–446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar