The influence of the side-arms structure on the properties of the liquid crystal dimers centred on mandelic acid

References

• Yelamaggad CV, Shanker G, Hiremath US, et al. Cholesterol-based nonsymmetric liquid crystal dimers: an overview. J Mater Chem. 2008;18(25):2927–2949. doi: 10.1039/b804579h
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge ZX, Wang YM, Sun JT, et al. Synthesis and characterisation of novel aromatic ester swallow-tailed cholesteric liquid crystal polymers. Liq Cryst. 2023;50(11–12):1759–1773. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2023.2208084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YM, Guo YT, Ma QL, et al. Synthesis and characterization of a cholesteric liquid crystal cholesteryl nonanoate. Key Eng Mater. 2010;428:94–97. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.428-429.94
   Google Scholar
• Huang HZ, Cong YH, Lin Z, et al. Synthesis and properties of side-chain liquid crystalline polymers grafted with chiral dimers containing cholesteryl groups. Liq Cryst. 2020;47(5):723–736. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2019.1675192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang HZ, Cong YH, Hu B, et al. Liquid-crystalline dimers containing cholesteryl groups and azobenzene moieties with branched allyl chain: synthesis and properties. Liq Cryst. 2021;48(4):564–578. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2020.1798524
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang HZ, Cong YH, Du A, et al. Liquid crystalline dimers containing a cholesteryl group: chiral smectic phases, and re-entrant TGBA* phase. J Mol Liq. 2022;346:117920. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117920
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu RW, Zhao JH, Wu LM, et al. Colourful patterns prepared using a cholesteric liquid crystal mixture with both thermochromic and photochromic properties. Liq Cryst. 2023;50(11–12):1951–1959. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2023.2226631
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurosaki Y, Sagisaka T, Matsushima T, et al. Chiral, thermally irreversible and quasi‐stealth photochromic dopant to control selective reflection wavelength of cholesteric liquid crystal. Chemphyschem. 2020;21(13):1375–1383. doi: 10.1002/cphc.202000309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zong XN, Fang ZM, Wu CC. Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of a series of dimers derived from thioether-terminated and cholesteryl. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(12):1844–1853. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2018.1501109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida H, Kobashi J. Flat optics with cholesteric and blue phase liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 2016;43(13):1909–1919. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2016.1199057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun CL, Lu JG. Optical filters based on cholesteric, blue and sphere mesophases. Polymers. 2022;14(22):4898. doi: 10.3390/polym14224898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao Y, Luo YX, Lu JG. High-reflective templated cholesteric liquid crystal filters. Molecules. 2021;26(22):6889. doi: 10.3390/molecules26226889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong MY, Kwak K. Continuously tunable and bandwidth variable optical notch/band-pass filters over 500 nm spectral range using cholesteric liquid crystals. IEEE Photon J. 2018;11(1):1–11. doi: 10.1109/JPHOT.2018.2884965
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei W, Farooq MA, Xiong H. Cholesteric liquid crystalline polyether with broad tunable circularly polarized luminescence. Langmuir. 2021;37(40):11922–11930. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen QM, Peng ZH, Li Y, et al. Multi-plane augmented reality display based on cholesteric liquid crystal reflective films. Opt Express. 2019;27(9):12039–12047. doi: 10.1364/OE.27.012039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu CY, Yen CF, Hung YH, et al. Polymer-stabilized bistable dual-frequency cholesteric liquid crystal devices assisted by a predesigned chiral dopant. J Mater Chem C. 2021;9(46):16672–16681. doi: 10.1039/D1TC04354D
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiu JW, Lee KC, Liang CC, et al. A rugged display: recent results of flexible cholesteric liquid‐crystal displays. J Soc Inf Disp. 2009;17(10):811–820. doi: 10.1889/JSID17.10.811
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryabchun A, Sakhno O, Stumpe J, et al. Full‐polymer cholesteric composites for transmission and reflection holographic gratings. Adv Opt Mater. 2017;5(17):1700314. doi: 10.1002/adom.201700314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuh AYG, Lin TH, Chen YY, et al. Optical control of the rotation of cholesteric liquid crystal gratings. Opt Express. 2019;27(8):10806–10812. doi: 10.1364/OE.27.010806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryabchun A, Bobrovsky A. Cholesteric liquid crystal materials for tunable diffractive optics. Adv Opt Mater. 2018;6(15):1800335. doi: 10.1002/adom.201800335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng TB, Xie J, Zhou YJ, et al. Selectively reflective edge detection system based on cholesteric liquid crystal. Opt Lett. 2023;48(3):795–798. doi: 10.1364/OL.481980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong HJ, Nasrollahi A, Park SY. Transparent UV-blocking photonic film based on reflection of cholesteric liquid crystals. J Mol Liq. 2021;344:117739. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang BB, Lin XY, You YX, et al. Flexible thermal responsive infrared reflector based on cholesteric liquid crystals and polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals. Opt Express. 2019;27(9):13516–13525. doi: 10.1364/OE.27.013516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieraccini S, Ferrarini A, Spada GP. Chiral doping of nematic phases and its application to the determination of absolute configuration. Chiralit. 2008;20(5):749–759. doi: 10.1002/chir.20482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kühn C, Bremer M, Schreiner PR. Highly efficient chirality inducers in nematic liquid crystals: synthesis of 7,7’-disubstituted 2,2’-methylenedioxy-1,1’-binaphthyls. Liq Cryst. 2019;46(12):1763–1768. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2019.1599455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen XS, Xu ZX, Chen Z, et al. The effect of molecular structure on mesophase behaviour of non-symmetric liquid crystal dimers containing mandelic acid and fluorine group. Liq Cryst. 2020;47(7):1055–1069. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2019.1704897
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imrie CT, Henderson PA. Liquid crystal dimers and higher oligomers: between monomers and polymers. Chem Soc Rev. 2007;36(12):2096–2124. doi: 10.1039/b714102e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imrie CT, Henderson PA, Yeap GY. Liquid crystal oligomers: going beyond dimers. Liq Cryst. 2009;36(6–7):755–777. doi: 10.1080/02678290903157455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson T, Staesche H, Lu ZB, et al. Symmetric and non-symmetric chiral liquid crystal dimers. Liq Cryst. 2010;37(8):1097–1110. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2010.494412
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zong XN, Wu CC. Synthesis and mesogenic properties of liquid crystals based on cholesterol and cinnamic acid derivatives. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2018;666(1):40–53. doi: 10.1080/10691316.2018.1541843
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang HZ, Cong YH, Du A, et al. Liquid crystalline dimers containing a cholesteryl group: chiral smectic phases and TGBA* phase. Liq Cryst. 2021;48(12):1733–1749. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2021.1900431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Cong YH, Huang HZ, et al. Liquid crystalline dimers containing a cholesteryl benzoate unit: smectic phase, chiral nematic phase and blue phase. New J Chem. 2022;46(19):9024–9035. doi: 10.1039/D2NJ00386D
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang HZ, Li J, Du A, et al. Bent-structure liquid crystalline dimers containing a cholesteryl group exhibiting blue phases. Cryst Growth Des. 2022;22(12):7478–7490. doi: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Y, Gao YM, Lin ZR, et al. Synthesis and characterisation of novel chiral smectic liquid crystalline elastomers containing menthol dimer-type side chain. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(12):1783–1794. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2018.1487090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Shargabi A, Yeap GY, Mahmood WAK, et al. Liquid crystal dimers containing cholesteryl and triazole-containing mesogenic units. Liq Cryst. 2020;47(2):219–230. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2019.1641637
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson T, Henderson PA, Achard MF, et al. Non-symmetric chiral liquid crystal trimers. Liq Cryst. 2011;38(10):1331–1339. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2011.613265
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HC, Lu Z, Henderson PA, et al. Cholesteryl-based liquid crystal dimers containing a sulfur–sulfur link in the flexible spacer. Liq Cryst. 2012;39(2):259–268. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2011.641753
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson T, Henderson PA, Achard MF, et al. Chiral liquid crystal tetramers. J Mater Chem A. 2011;21(29):10935–10941. doi: 10.1039/c1jm10992h
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandle RJ, Goodby JW. Optically active bimesogens incorporating branched central spacers. RSC Adv. 2018;8(33):18542–18548. doi: 10.1039/C8RA02075B
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senthil S, Rameshbabu K, Wu SL. Odd–even effect on SmC* formation in chiral liquid crystal dimers. J Mol Struct. 2006;783(1–3):215–220. doi: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.08.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeap GY, Balamurugan S, Rakesh S. Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of chiral liquid crystal dimers derived from azobenzene and substituted naphthol. Liq Cryst. 2013;40(4):555–563. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2013.765608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zang XY, Gao L, Zhang R, et al. Fluorinated chiral nematic liquid crystal dimers based on (S)-1-phenylethane-1,2-diol. Liq Cryst. 2020;47(5):689–701. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2019.1673907
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong L, Xu ZX, Tao HZ, et al. Non-symmetric chiral nematic liquid crystal dimers containing trifluoromethyl and 1,2-propanediol. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(12):1734–1745. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2018.1469171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Tian M. The influence of flexible spacer and the chirality of the core on the formation of chiral nematic phase of symmetric dimers containing trifluoromethyl terminal. Liq Cryst. 2019;46(9):1452–1466. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2019.1597191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majewska MM, Forsyth E, Pociecha D, et al. Controlling spontaneous chirality in achiral materials: liquid crystal oligomers and the heliconical twist-bend nematic phase. ChemComm. 2022;58(34):5285–5288. doi: 10.1039/D1CC07012F
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding JW, Zhang M, Dai HX, et al. Enantioseparation of chiral mandelic acid derivatives by supercritical fluid chromatography. Chirality. 2018;30(12):1245–1256. doi: 10.1002/chir.23018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Świsłocka R, Świderski G, Nasiłowska J, et al. Research on the electron structure and antimicrobial properties of mandelic acid and its alkali metal salts. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):3078. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belcher R, Sykes A, Tatlow JC. Mandelic acid and halogen-substituted mandelic acids as reagents for the determination of zirconium. Anal Chim Acta. 1954;10:34–47. doi: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)89622-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang QZ, Geng SS, Wang LR, et al. Bacterial mandelic acid degradation pathway and its application in biotechnology. J Appl Microbiol. 2022;133(2):273–286. doi: 10.1111/jam.15529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egner P, Pavlačková J, Sedlaříková J, et al. Non-alcohol hand sanitiser gels with mandelic acid and essential oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):3855. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs SW, Culbertson EJ. Effects of topical mandelic acid treatment on facial skin viscoelasticity. Facial Plast Surg. 2018;34(6):651–656. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1676048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao M, Chen XS, Dong L, et al. Synthesis and properties of new non-symmetric liquid crystal dimers containing mandelic acid and cyano group. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(6):931–941. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2017.1417504
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen R, Weng Q, Wang L, et al. The effect of intermolecular actions on the nematic phase range of tolane-liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(5):783–792. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2017.1402096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi DQ, Hu K, Chen P, et al. Improved nematic mesophase stability of benzoxazole-liquid crystals via modification of inter-ring twist angle of biphenyl unit. Liq Cryst. 2016;43(10):1397–1407. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2016.1177742
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li JL, Peng ZH, Chen R, et al. Investigation of terminal olefine in the isothiocyanatotolane liquid crystals with alkoxy end group. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(10):1498–1507. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2018.1449026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo CC, Jia YG, Sun BF, et al. The effect of chain length in terminal groups on the mesomorphic behavior of novel (-) -menthol-based chiral liquid crystal compounds with a blue phase. New J Chem. 2017;41(9):3677–3686. doi: 10.1039/C7NJ00099E
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen R, Qin YY, An ZW, et al. The effect of phenyl ring on the physical properties of liquid crystals containing 4-pyridyl terminal group. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(12):1825–1833. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2018.1499973
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu K, Chen P, Weng Q, et al. Improved mesophase stability of benzoxazole derivatives via dipole moment modification. Liq Cryst. 2015;42(11):1643–1653. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2015.1084656
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaker BT, Patel P. Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline materials incorporating the novel 4-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole and isonicotinic acid hydrazide moiety. Mol Cryst. 2008;482(1):3–20. doi: 10.1080/15421400801915050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson DA, Gao M, Kim YK, et al. Understanding the twist-bend nematic phase: the characterisation of 1-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yloxy)-6-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yl) hexane (CB6OCB) and comparison with CB7CB. Soft Matter. 2016;12(32):6827–6840. doi: 10.1039/C6SM00537C
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen XS, Tao HZ, Dong L, et al. Mesomorphic properties of non-symmetric three-arm chenodeoxycholic acid-derived liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 2019;46(3):442–453. doi: 10.1080/02678292.2018.1508768
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang DP, Yang YG, Liu YF. A theoretical study on the red-and blue-shift hydrogen bonds of cis-trans formic acid dimer in excited states. Cent Eur J Chem. 2013;11(2):171–179. doi: 10.2478/s11532-012-0143-x
   Google Scholar