References
- Acquah-Swanzy, M. (2015). Evaluating electronic health record systems in Ghana: The case of Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital (MSc. The Artic University of Norway, Norway).
- Acquisti, A., Adjerid, I., Balebako, R., Brandimarte, L., Cranor, L. F., Komanduri, S., Leon, P. G., Sadeh, N., Schaub, F., Sleeper, M., Wang, Y., & Wilson, S. (2017). Nudges for privacy and security: Understanding and assisting users’ choices online. ACM Computing Surveys, 50(3), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1145/3054926
- Acquisti, A., Brandimarte, L., & Loewenstein, G. (2015). Privacy and human behavior in the age of information. Science, 347(6221), 509–514. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa1465
- Adu, E., Mills, A., & Todorova, N. (2018). Drivers of personal health information privacy concerns among individuals in developing countries: A conceptual model. GlobDev 2018. 12. https://aisel.aisnet.org/globdev2018/12
- Agarwal, R., & Karahanna, E. (2000). Time flies when you're having fun: Cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage. MIS Quarterly, 24(4), 665–694. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250951
- Anderson, C. L., & Agarwal, R. (2011). The digitisation of healthcare: Boundary risks, emotion, and consumer willingness to disclose personal health information. Information Systems Research, 22(3), 469–490. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1100.0335
- Angst, C. M., & Agarwal, R. (2009). Adoption of electronic health records in the presence of privacy concerns: The elaboration likelihood model and individual persuasion. MIS Quarterly, 33(2), 339–370. https://doi.org/10.2307/20650295
- Bansal, G., Fatemeh, Z., & Gefen, D. (2010). The impact of personal dispositions on information sensitivity, privacy concern and trust in disclosing health information online. Decision Support Systems, 49(2), 138–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2010.01.010
- Bartsch, M., & Dienlin, T. (2016). Control your Facebook: An analysis of online privacy literacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 147–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.022
- Bedeley, R., & Palvia, P. (2014). A study of the issues of E-health care in developing countries: The case of Ghana. AMCIS 2014 Proceedings. https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2014/HealthIS/GeneralPresentations/5/
- Bélanger, F., & Crossler, R. E. (2011). Privacy in the digital age: A review of information privacy research in information systems. MIS Quarterly, 35(4), 1017–1042. https://doi.org/10.2307/41409971
- Bellman, S., Johnson, E. J., Kobrin, S. J., & Lohse, G. L. (2004). International differences in information privacy concerns: A global survey of consumers. The Information Society, 20(5), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240490507956
- Chen, J., Zhang, Y., & Heath, R. (2001). An exploratory investigation of the relationships between consumer characteristics and information privacy. Marketing Management Journal, 11(1), 73–81.
- Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In E. Vinzi & . (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 655–690). Springer.
- Compeau, D. R., & Higgins, C. A. (1995). Computer self-efficacy: Development of a measure and initial test. MIS Quarterly, 19(2), 189–211. https://doi.org/10.2307/249688
- Currie, W. L., & Seddon, J. J. (2014). A cross-national analysis of eHealth in the European Union: Some policy and research directions. Information & Management, 51(6), 783–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.04.004
- Dinev, T., Albano, V., Xu, H., D’Atri, A., & Hart, P. (2016). Individuals’ attitudes towards electronic health records: A privacy calculus perspective. In A Gupta, V. L Patel, & R. A Greenes (Eds.), Advances in healthcare informatics and analytics (pp. 19–50). Springer.
- Dinev, T., Bellotto, M., Hart, P., Russo, V., Serra, I., & Colautti, C. (2006). Privacy calculus model in e-commerce - a study of Italy and the United States. European Journal of Information Systems, 15(4), 389–402. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000590
- Dinev, T., & Hart, P. (2006). An extended privacy calculus model for e-commerce transactions. Information Systems Research, 17(1), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1060.0080
- Donalds, C., & Osei-Bryson, K. M. (2020). Cybersecurity compliance behavior: Exploring the influences of individual decision style and other antecedents. International Journal of Information Management, 51, 102056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.102056
- Ermakova, T., Fabian, B., & Zarnekow, R. (2014). Acceptance of health clouds-a privacy calculus perspective. ECIS 2014 Proceedings. https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2014/proceedings/track09/11/
- Ernest and Young. (2018). Is cyber security about more than protection? EY global information security survey 2018-19. https://www.ey.com/en_gl/advisory/global-information-security-survey-2018-2019
- Esmaeilzadeh, P. (2018). The effects of public concern for information privacy on the adoption of health information exchanges (HIEs) by healthcare entities. Health Communication, 34(10), 1202–1211. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1471336
- Fichman, R. G., Kohli, R., & Krishnan, R. (2011). Editorial overview—the role of information systems in healthcare: Current research and future trends. Information Systems Research, 22(3), 419–428. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1110.0382
- Flynn, H. A., Marcus, S. M., Kerber, K., & Alessi, N. (2003). Patients’ concerns about and perceptions of electronic psychiatric records. Psychiatric Services, 54(11), 1539–1541. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.54.11.1539
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
- Gostin, L. O., & Nass, S. (2009). Reforming the HIPAA privacy rule: Safeguarding privacy and promoting research. JAMA, 301(13), 1373–1375. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.424
- Gyamfi, A. (2016). Use of electronic medical records in emergency care at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana (BSc. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana).
- Hair, Jr J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
- Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
- Hong, W, Chan, F. K., & Thong, J. Y. (2019). Drivers and inhibitors of internet privacy concern: A multidimensional development theory perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–26. https://doi:10.1007/s10551-019-04237-1.
- Hong, W., & Thong, J. Y. (2013). Internet privacy concerns: An integrated conceptualization and four empirical studies. MIS Quarterly, 37(1), 275–298. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2013/37.1.12
- Hwang, H.-G., Han, H.-E., Kuo, K.-M., & Liu, C.-F. (2012). The differing privacy concerns regarding exchanging electronic medical records of internet users in Taiwan. Journal of Medical Systems, 36(6), 3783–3793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-012-9851-1
- International Institute of Communication and Development (IICD). (2014). Toward e-health 2.0 in Ghana: A programme and opportunities for private and public ICT initiatives. The Netherlands.
- International Telecommunication Union. (2019). Measuring digital developments: ICT facts and figures 2019. Geneva, Switzerland.
- Jarvis, C. B., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2003). A critical review of construct indicators and measurement model misspecification in marketing and consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 199–218. https://doi.org/10.1086/376806
- Joinson, A. N., Reips, U.-D., Buchanan, T., & Schofield, C. B. P. (2010). Privacy, trust, and self-disclosure online. Human–Computer Interaction, 25(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370020903586662
- Kenny, G. (2016). ‘To protect my health, or to protect my health data?’Examining the influence of health information privacy concerns on citizens’ health technology adoption [Dotoral Dissertation, Dublin City University, Ireland].
- Kenny, G., & Connolly, R. (2016). Drivers of health information privacy concern: A comparison study. AMCIS 2016 Proceedings. https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2016/Health/Presentations/3/
- King, T., Brankovic, L., & Gillard, P. (2012). Perspectives of Australian adults about protecting the privacy of their health information in statistical databases. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 81(4), 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2012.01.005
- Kock, N., & Lynn, G. (2012). Lateral collinearity and misleading results in variance-based SEM: An illustration and recommendations. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(7), 546–580. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00302
- Kwansa, B. K. (2013). Safety in the midst of stigma: Experiencing HIV/AIDS in two Ghanaian communities. African Studies Centre.
- Kyei-Boateng, J. (2018). Of the nudity spree, what storm is breaking in our digital world? https://www.modernghana.com/news/836482/of-the-nudity-spree-what-storm-is-breaking-in-our-digital-w.html
- Lafky, D. B., & Horan, T. A. (2011). Personal health records: Consumer attitudes toward privacy and security of their personal health information. Health Informatics Journal, 17(1), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458211399403
- Laric, M. V., Pitta, D. A., & Katsanis, L. P. (2009). Consumer concerns for healthcare information privacy: A comparison of US and Canadian perspectives. Research in Healthcare Financial Management, 12(1), 93–111.
- Lewis, T., Synowiec, C., Lagomarsino, G., & Schweitzer, J. (2012). E-health in low-and middle-income countries: Findings from the Center for health Market innovations. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 90(5), 332–340. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.099820
- Li, Y. (2012). Theories in online information privacy research: A critical review and an integrated framework. Decision Support Systems, 54(1), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2012.06.010
- Li, Y. (2014). A multi-level model of individual information privacy beliefs. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 13(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2013.08.002
- Li, Y. (2011). Empirical studies on online information privacy concerns: Literature review and an integrative framework. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 28. https://doi:10.17705/1cais.02828
- Li, T., & Slee, T. (2014). The effects of information privacy concerns on digitising personal health records. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65(8), 1541–1554. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23068
- Malhotra, N. K., Kim, S. S., & Agarwal, J. (2004). Internet users’ information privacy concerns (IUIPC): The construct, the scale, and a causal model. Information Systems Research, 15(4), 336–355. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1040.0032
- McKnight, D. H., Choudhury, V., & Kacmar, C. (2002). Developing and validating trust measures for e-commerce: An integrative typology. Information Systems Research, 13(3), 334–359. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.13.3.334.81
- Miltgen, C. L., & Peyrat-Guillard, D. (2014). Cultural and generational influences on privacy concerns: A qualitative study in seven European countries. European Journal of Information Systems, 23(2), 103–125. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2013.17
- Moody’s Analytics. (2019). Ghana - economic indicators. https://www.economy.com/ghana
- Papoutsi, C., Reed, J. E., Marston, C., Lewis, R., Majeed, A., & Bell, D. (2015). Patient and public views about the security and privacy of electronic health records (EHRs) in the UK: Results from a mixed methods study. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 15(1), 86. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-015-0202-2
- Pavlou, P. A., Liang, H., & Xue, Y. (2007). Understanding and mitigating uncertainty in online exchange relationships: A principal-agent perspective. MIS Quarterly, 31(1), 105–136. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148783
- Perera, G., Holbrook, A., Thabane, L., Foster, G., & Willison, D. J. (2011). Views on health information sharing and privacy from primary care practices using electronic medical records. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 80(2), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2010.11.005
- Petter, S., Straub, D., & Rai, A. (2007). Specifying formative constructs in information systems research. MIS Quarterly, 31(4), 623–656. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148814
- Pew Research Center. (2015). Internet seen as positive influence on education but negative influence on morality in emerging and developing nations. USA.
- Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
- Policy Engagement Network (PEN). (2010). Electronic health privacy and security in developing countries and humanitarian operations. Protecting medical information in eHealth projects. London School of Economics and Political Science, 1-28. London.
- Ponemon Institute. (2016). Sixth annual benchmark study on privacy and security of healthcaredata. Retrieved May 17, 2019, from https://www.ponemon.org/local/upload/file/Sixth%20Annual%20Patient%20Privacy%20%26%20Data%20Security%20Report%20FINAL%206.pdf
- Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH. http://www.smartpls.com
- Rogers, R. W. (1975). A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change. The Journal of Psychology, 91(1), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1975.9915803
- Rogith, D., Yusuf, R. A., Hovick, S. R., Peterson, S. K., Burton-Chase, A. M., Li, Y., Meric-Bernstam, F., & Bernstam, E. V. (2014). Attitudes regarding privacy of genomic information in personalized cancer therapy. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 21(e2), e320–e325. https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2013-002579
- Serianu. (2016). Africa cyber security report 2016.
- Smith, H. J., Dinev, T., & Xu, H. (2011). Information privacy research: An interdisciplinary review. MIS Quarterly, 35(4), 989–1016. https://doi.org/10.2307/41409970
- Smith, H. J., Milberg, S. J., & Burke, S. J. (1996). Information privacy: Measuring individuals’ concerns about organisational practices. MIS Quarterly, 20(2), 167–196. https://doi.org/10.2307/249477
- Sprague, L., Simon, S., & Sprague, C. (2011). Employment discrimination and HIV stigma: Survey results from civil society organisations and people living with HIV in Africa. African Journal of AIDS Research, 10(sup1), 311–324. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2011.637730
- Stewart, K. A., & Segars, A. H. (2002). An empirical examination of the concern for information privacy instrument. Information Systems Research, 13(1), 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.13.1.36.97
- Taddei, S, & Contena, B. (2013). Privacy, trust and control: Which relationships with online self-disclosure? Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 821–826. https://doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.022.
- Taylor, J. F., Ferguson, J., & Ellen, P. S. (2015). From trait to state: Understanding privacy concerns. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 32(2), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-07-2014-1078
- Tsarenko, Y., & Rooslani Tojib, D. (2009). Examining customer privacy concerns in dealings with financial institutions. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 26(7), 468–476. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760911001529
- UNCTAD. (2018). Data privacy: New global survey reveals growing internet anxiety: http://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=1719
- Vodicka, E., Mejilla, R., Leveille, S. G., Ralston, J. D., Darer, J. D., Delbanco, T., Walker, J., & Elmore, J. G. (2013). Online access to doctors’ notes: Patient concerns about privacy. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(9), 9. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2670
- Wilkowska, W., & Ziefle, M. (2012). Privacy and data security in E-health: Requirements from the user’s perspective. Health Informatics Journal, 18(3), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458212442933
- Willyard, C. (2010). Electronic records pose dilemma in developing countries. Nature Medicine, 16(3), 249–249. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0310-249a
- World Health Organisation. (2016). Global diffusion of eHealth: Making universal health coverage achievable. Report of the third global survey on eHealth. Geneva, Switzerland.
- Xu, H., Dinev, T., Smith, H. J., & Hart, P. (2008). Examining the formation of individual's privacy concerns: Toward an integrative view. ICIS 2008 proceedings. 6. https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2008/6
- Xu, H., Teo, H.-H., Tan, B. C., & Agarwal, R. (2012). Research note—effects of individual self-protection, industry self-regulation, and government regulation on privacy concerns: A study of location-based services. Information Systems Research, 23(4), 1342–1363. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1120.0416
- Yao, M. Z., Rice, R. E., & Wallis, K. (2007). Predicting user concerns about online privacy. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 58(5), 710–722. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20530.
- Yao, M. Z., & Zhang, J. (2008). Predicting user concerns about online privacy in Hong Kong. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 779–781. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0252
- Yun, H., Lee, G., & Kim, D. (2014). A meta-analytic review of empirical research on online information privacy concerns: Antecedents, outcomes, and moderators. ICIS 2014 Proceedings. https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2014/proceedings/ISSecurity/20
- Yun, H., Lee, G., & Kim, D. J. (2019). A chronological review of empirical research on personal information privacy concerns: An analysis of situational contexts and research constructs. Information & Management, 56(4), 570–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2018.10.001
- Zhang, Y. J., Chen, J. Q., & Wen, K.-W. (2002). Characteristics of internet users and their privacy concerns: A comparative study between China and the United States. Journal of Internet Commerce, 1(2), 1–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1300/J179v01n02_01
- Zhang, X., Liu, S., Chen, X., Wang, L., Gao, B., & Zhu, Q. (2018). Health information privacy concerns, antecedents, and information disclosure intention in online health communities. Information & Management, 55(4), 482–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.11.003