Fatal systemic candidiasis of gastrointestinal origin: an experimental model in mice compromised by anti-cancer treatment

REFERENCES

• Bodey G.P. Candidiasis in cancer patients. American Journal of Medicine 1984; 77(4D)13–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodey G.P. Fungal infections and fever of unknown origin in neutropenic patients. American Journal of Medicine 1985; 80(suppl. 5C)112–119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslow N. A generalized Kruskal Wallis test for comparing k samples subject to unequal patterns of sensorship. Biometrica 1970; 57: 579–594
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantorna M.T., Balish E. Mucosal and systemic candidiasis in congenitally immunodeficient mice. Infection and Immunity 1990; 58: 1093–1100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen R., Roth F.J., Delgado E., Ahearn D.G., Kalser M.H. Fungal flora of the normal human small and large intestine. New England Journal of Medicine 1969; 280: 638–641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole G.T., Lynn K.T., Seshan K.R. An animal model for oropharyngeal, esophageal and gastric candidosis. Mycoses 1990; 33: 7–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole G.T., Lynn K.T., Seshan K.R., Pope L.M. Gastrointestinal and systemic candidosis in immunocompromised mice. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 1989; 27: 363–380
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooper B.H., Hunter M.S. Yeasts of medical importance. Manual of Clinical Microbiology4th edn., E.H. Lennette. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. 1985; 526–541, In
   Google Scholar
• Demaria A., Buckley H., Von Lichtenberg F. Gastrointestinal candidiasis in rats treated with antibiotics cortison and azathioprine. Infection and Immunity 1976; 13: 1761–1770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon W., Massey F.J., Jr. Introduction to Statistical Analysis2nd edn. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York 1957
   Google Scholar
• Domer J.E., Hector R.F. Enhanced immune responses in mice treated with penicillin-tetracycline or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole when colonized intragastrically with Candida albicans. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1987; 31: 691–697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekenna O., Sherertz R.J. Factors affecting colonization and dissemination of Candida albicans from the gastrointestinal tract of mice. Infection and Immunity 1987; 55: 1558–1563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eras P., Goldstein M.J., Sherlock P. Candida infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Medicine (Baltimore) 1972; 51: 367–379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield R.A., Troutt D.L., Rickard R.C., Altmiller D.H. Comparison of antibody, antigen, and metabolic assays in rat models of systemic and gastrointestinal candidiasis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1988; 26: 409–417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guentzel M.N., Cole G.T., Pope L.M. Animal models for candidiasis. Current Topics in Medical Mycology, M.R. McGinnis. Springer-Verlag, New York 1985; 1: 57–116, In
   Google Scholar
• Guentzel M.N., Herrera C. Effects of compromising agents on candidosis in mice with persistent infections initiated in infancy. Infection and Immunity 1982; 35: 22–28
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwavava N.J.T., Pinkerton C.R., Glasgow J.F.T., Sloan J.M., Bridges J.M. Small bowel enterocyte abnormalities caused by methotrexate treatment in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. Journal of Clinical Pathology 1981; 34: 790–795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haron E., Feld R., Tuffnell P., Paiterson B., Hasselback R., Matlow A. Hepatic candidiasis: an increasing problem in immunocompromised patients. American Journal of Medicine 1987; 83: 17–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hector R., Domer J., Carrow E.W. Immune responses to Candida albicans in genetically distinct mice. Infection and Immunity 1982; 38: 1020–1028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera C., Guentzel N. Mice with persistent gastrointestinal Candida albicans as a model for antifungal therapy. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1982; 21: 51–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy M.J. Regulation of Candida albicans populations in the gastrointestinal tract: Mechanisms and significance in G1 and systemic candidiasis. Current Topics in Medical Mycology, M.R. McGinnis, M. Borgers. Springer-Verlag, New York 1989; 3: 315–402, In
   Google Scholar
• Maksymiuk A.W., Thongproesert S., Hopfer R., Luna M., Fainstein V., Bodey G.P. Systemic candidiasis in cancer patients. American Journal of Medicine 1984; 77(4D)20–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantel N. Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arriving in its consideration. Cancer Chemotherapy Reports 1966; 50: 163–170
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meunier-Carpentier F., Kiehn F.E., Armstrong D. Fungemia in the immunocompromised host. American Journal of Medicine 1981; 71: 363–370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milles S.S., Muggia A., Spiro H.M. Colonic histologic changes induced by 5-fluorouracil. Gastroenterology 1962; 43: 391–399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monheit J.E., Cowan D.F., Moore D.G. Rapid detection of fungi in tissues using calcofluor white and fluorescence microscopy. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 1984; 108: 616–618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myerowitz R.L. Gastrointestinal and disseminated candidiasis. An experimental model in the immunosuppressed rat. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 1981; 105: 138–143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myerowitz R.L., Pazin G.L., Allen C.M. Disseminated candidiasis: changes in incidence, underlying diseases, and pathology. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 1977; 68: 29–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odds F.C. Candida and Candidosis2nd edn. Baillière Tindal, London 1988
   Google Scholar
• Ofek I., Beachey E.G. General concepts and principles of bacterial adherence in animals and man. Bacterial Adherence (Receptors and Recognition), Series B:6, E.G. Beachey. Chapman and Hall, London 1980; 3–29, In
   Google Scholar
• Pope L.M., Cole G.T., Guentzel M.N., Berry L.J. Systemic and gastrointestinal candidiasis of infant mice after intragastric challenge. Infection and Immunity 1979; 25: 702–707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandovsky-Losica H., Segal E. Interaction of Candida albicans with murine gastrointestinal mucosa from irradiated animals: in vitro adhesion and prevention. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 1989; 27: 345–352
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandovsky-Losica H., Segal E. Interaction of Candida albicans with murine gastrointestinal mucosa from methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil treated animals: in vitro adhesion and prevention. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 1990; 28: 279–287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal E., Lehrer N., Ofek I. Adherence of Candida albicans to human vaginal epithelial cells: inhibition by amino sugars. Experimental Cell Biology 1982; 50: 13–17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Segal E., Nussbaum S., Barr-Nea L. Protection against systemic infections with various Candida species elicited by vaccination with Candida albicans ribosomes. Sabouraudia: Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 1985; 23: 275–285
   Google Scholar
• Stone H.H., Geheber C.E., Kolb L.D., Kitchens W.R. Alimentary tract colonization by Candida albicans. Journal of Surgical Research 1973; 14: 273–276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trier J.S. Morphologic alterations induced by methotrexate in the mucosa of human proximal intestine. I. Serial observations by light microscopy. Gastroenterology 1962; 42: 295–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trier J.S., Bjorkman D.J. Esophageal, gastric and intestinal candidiasis. American Journal of Medicine 1984; 77(4D)39–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trier J.S., Browning T.H. Morphologic response of the mucosa of human small intestine to X-ray exposure. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1966; 45: 194–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar