1,121
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Assessment and management of apraxic agraphia: applying principles from the management of apraxia of speech and the principles of motor learning

Pages 414-434 | Received 22 Dec 2014, Accepted 04 Jul 2015, Published online: 10 Aug 2015

References

  • Alexander, M. P., Fischer, R. S., & Friedman, R. (1992). Lesion localization in apraxic agraphia. Archives of Neurology, 49, 246–251. doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530270060019
  • Auerbach, S. H., & Alexander, M. P. (1981). Pure agraphia and unilateral optic ataxia associated with a left superior parietal lobule lesion. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 44, 430–432. doi:10.1136/jnnp.44.5.430
  • Austermann Hula, S. N., Robin, D. A., Maas, E., Ballard, K. J., & Schmidt, R. A. (2008). Effects of feedback frequency and timing on acquisition, retention, and transfer of speech skills in acquired apraxia of speech. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 51, 1088–1113. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2008/06-0042)
  • Ballard, K., Granier, J., & Robin, D. (2000). Understanding the nature of apraxia of speech: Theory, analysis, and treatment. Aphasiology, 14, 969–995. doi:10.1080/02687030050156575
  • Barrow, I. M., Hough, M., Rastatter, M. P., Walker, M., Holbert, D., & Rotondo, M. F. (2006). The effects of mild traumatic brain injury on confrontation naming in adults. Brain Injury, 20, 845–855. doi:10.1080/02699050600832445
  • Beeson, P., & Rapcsak, S. (2010). Neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation of writing disorders. In J. M. Gurd, U. Kischka, & J. C. Marshall (Eds.), The handbook of clinical neuropsychology (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Beeson, P., Rapcsak, S., Plante, E., Chargualaf, J., Chung, A., Johnson, S., & Trouard, T. (2003). The neural substrates of writing: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Aphasiology, 17, 647–665. doi:10.1080/02687030344000067
  • Beeson, P., Rising, K., & Rapcsak, S. (2011). Reading and writing impairments. In L. LaPointe (Ed.), Aphasia and related neurogenic language disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers.
  • Berndt, R. S., Reggia, J. A., & Mitchum, C. C. (1987). Empirically derived probabilities for grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences in English. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 19, 1–9. Retrieved from http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/550/art%253A10.3758%252FBF03207663.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.3758%2FBF03207663&token2=exp=1433271965~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F550%2Fart%25253A10.3758%25252FBF03207663.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F10.3758%252FBF03207663*~hmac=6be1ee972c84ccbb8a4a02f73f9b2a88e3119c9ca8379cd95db2709b1dc96590
  • Bird, H., Howard, D., & Franklin, S. (2000). Why is a verb like an inanimate object? Grammatical category and semantic category deficits. Brain and Language, 72, 246–309. doi:10.1006/brln.2000.2292
  • Bislick, L. P., Weir, P. C., Spencer, K., Kendall, D., & Yorkston, K. M. (2012). Do principles of motor learning enhance retention and transfer of speech skills? A systematic review. Aphasiology, 26, 709–728. doi:10.1080/02687038.2012.676888
  • Darley, F. L., Aronson, A. E., & Brown, J. R. (1975). Motor speech disorders. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
  • Deal, J. L., & Darley, F. L. (1972). The influence of linguistic and situational variables on phonemic accuracy in apraxia of speech. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 15, 639–653. doi:10.1044/jshr.1503.639
  • Demirci, S. (2006). A selective ideational apraxic agraphia for consonants. Turkish Journal of Medical Science, 36, 243–246. Retrieved from http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/issues/sag-06-36-4/sag-36-4-8-0506-3.pdf
  • Duffy, J. (2013). Motor speech disorders: Substrates, differential disorders and management (3rd ed.). Missouri: Elsevier Mosby.
  • Ellis, A. W., & Morrison, C. M. (1998). Real age-of-acquisition effects in lexical retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 515–523. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.24.2.515
  • Ellmo, W., Graser, J., Krchnavek, B., Hauck, K., & Calabrese, D. (1995). Measure of cognitive linguistic abilities. Norcross, GA: The Speech Bin.
  • Goodglass, H., Wingfield, A., & Ward, S. E. (1999). Decision latencies for phonological and semantic information in object identification. Brain and Language, 66, 294–305. Retrieved from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0093934X98920144/1-s2.0-S0093934X98920144-main.pdf?_tid=a0d8b296-fcb4-11e4-9cdf-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1431881525_3735898e630cbde60a4dfa95e928528d
  • Guadagnoli, M. A., & Lee, T. D. (2004). Challenge point: A framework for conceptualizing the effects of various practice conditions in motor learning. Journal of Motor Behaviour, 36, 212–224. doi:10.3200/JMBR.36.2.212-224
  • Kay, J., Coltheart, M., & Lesser, R. (1992). Psycholinguistic assessments of language processing in aphasia. East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Kertesz, A. (2006). Western aphasia battery—revised. New Jersey: Pearson.
  • Knock, T. R., Ballard, K. J., Robin, D. A., & Schmidt, R. A. (2000). Influence of order of stimulus presentation on speech motor learning: A principled approach to treatment for apraxia of speech. Aphasiology, 14, 653–668. doi:10.1080/026870300401379
  • Krishnan, G., Rao, S. N., & Rajashekar, B. (2009). Apraxic agraphia: An insight into the writing disturbances of posterior aphasias. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 12, 120–123. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.53082
  • Maas, E., Robin, D. A., Hula, S. N. A., Freedman, S. E., Wulf, G., Ballard, K. J., & Schmidt, R. A. (2008). Principles of motor learning in treatment of motor speech disorders. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 17, 277–298. doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2008/025)
  • Marien, P., Verhoeven, J., Brouns, R., DeWitte, L., Dobbeleir, A., & De Deyn, P. (2007). Apraxic agraphia following a right cerebellar hemorrhage. Neurology, 69, 926–929. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000267845.05041.41
  • Mauszycki, S. C., & Wambaugh, J. (2011, April 26). ‘Acquired apraxia of speech: A treatment overview’, The ASHA Leader. Retrieved from http://www.asha.org/Publications/leader/2011/110426/Acquired-Apraxia-of-Speech–A-Treatment-Overview.htm
  • McNeil, M. R., Robin, D. A., & Schmidt, R. A. (1997). Apraxia of speech: Definition, differentiation, and treatment. In M. R. McNeil (Ed.), Clinical management of sensorimotor speech disorders. New York, NY: Thieme.
  • Otsuki, M., Soma, Y., Arai, T., Otsuka, A., & Tsuji, S. (1999). Pure apraxic agraphia with abnormal writing stroke sequences: Report of a Japanese patient with a left superior parietal haemorrhage. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 66, 233–237. doi:10.1136/jnnp.66.2.233
  • Park, J., & Shea, C. H. (2003). Effect of practice on effector independence. Journal of Motor Behavior, 35, 33–40. doi:10.1080/00222890309602119
  • Pring, T. (2005). Research methods in communication disorders. London: Whurr.
  • Rapcsak, S., & Beeson, P. (2000). Agraphia. In S. Nadeau (Ed.), Aphasia and language: Theory to practice. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Rapcsak, S., & Beeson, P. (2002a). Neuroanatomical correlates of spelling and writing. In A. Hillis (Ed.), The handbook of adult language disorders: Integrating cognitive and neuropsychology, neurology, and rehabilitation. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
  • Rapcsak, S., & Beeson, P. (2002b). Agraphia. In V. S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the human brain. San Diego: Elsevier Science.
  • Robey, R. R. (2004). A five-phase model for clinical outcome research. Journal of Communication Disorders, 37, 401–411. doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.04.003
  • Roeltgen, D. P. (2003). Agraphia. In K. M. Heilman & E. Valenstein (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Rosenbek, J. C. (1985). Treating apraxia of speech. In D. F. Johns (Ed.), Clinical management of neurogenic communicative disorders. Boston: Little, Brown & Company.
  • Rosenbek, J. C., Lemme, M. L., Ahern, M. B., Harris, E. H., & Wertz, R. T. (1973). A treatment for apraxia of speech in adults. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 38, 462–472. doi:10.1044/jshd.3804.462
  • Rothi, L., & Heilman, K. M. (1981). Alexia and agraphia with spared spelling and letter recognition abilities. Brain and Language, 12, 1–13. doi:10.1016/0093-934X(81)90001-8
  • Scheiner, L. R., Sadagopan, N., & Sherwood, D. E. (2014). Effects of blocked versus random practice on speech motor skill acquisition and retention. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 2, 29–36. doi:10.1123/jmld.2013-0028
  • Schmidt, R. A. (1991). Frequent augmented feedback can degrade learning: Evidence and interpretations. In G. E. Stelmach & J. Requin (Eds.), Tutorials in motor neuroscience. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  • Schmidt, R. A. (1998). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2011). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (5th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Schmidt, R. A., & Wulf, G. (1997). Continuous concurrent feedback degrades skill learning: Implications for training and simulation. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 39, 509–525. doi:10.1518/001872097778667979
  • Shea, C. H., Lai, Q., Black, C., & Park, J. (2000). Spacing practice sessions across days benefits the learning of motor skills. Human Movement Science, 19, 737–760. Retrieved from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S016794570000021X/1-s2.0-S016794570000021X-main.pdf?_tid=2ce9858e-fd51-11e4-bf7c-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1431948761_398b27a296bbb67094b4da55ccc5eb1c
  • Singer, R. N. (1980). Motor learning and human performance: An application to motor skills and movement behaviours. New York: Macmillan.
  • Strand, E. A., & Debertine, P. (2000). The efficacy of integral stimulation intervention with developmental apraxia of speech. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 8, 295–300.
  • Swinnen, S., Schmidt, R. A., Nicholson, D. E., & Shapiro, D. C. (1990). Information feedback for skill acquisition: Instantaneous knowledge of results degrades learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 706–716. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.16.4.706
  • Swinnen, S., Walter, C. B., Lee, T. D., & Serrien, D. J. (1993). Acquiring bimanual skills: Contrasting forms of information feedback for interlimb decoupling. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 1328–1344. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.19.6.1328
  • Van Der Merwe, A. (1997). A theoretical framework for the characterization of pathological speech sensorimotor control. In M. R. McNeil (Ed.), Clinical management of sensorimotor speech disorders (pp. 1–25). New York, NY: Thieme.
  • Van Der Merwe, A. (2011). A speech motor learning approach to treating apraxia of speech: Rationale and effects of intervention with an adult with acquired apraxia of speech. Aphasiology, 25, 1174–1206. doi:10.1080/02687038.2011.582246
  • Vance, M., & Clegg, J. (2012). Use of single case study research in child speech, language and communication interventions. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 28, 255–258. doi:10.1177/0265659012457766
  • Wambaugh, J. L. (2004). Stimulus generalisation effects of sound production treatment for apraxia of speech. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 12, 77. doi:10.1080/02687030444000165
  • Wambaugh, J. L., Duffy, J. R., McNeil, M. R., Robin, D. A., & Rogers, M. A. (2006). Treatment guidelines for acquired apraxia of speech: A synthesis and evaluation of the evidence. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 14, 15–33.
  • Wertz, R. T., LaPoint, L. L., & Rosenbek, J. C. (1984). Apraxia of speech in adults: The disorder and its management. New York: Grune and Stratton.
  • Winstein, C. J., & Schmidt, R. A. (1990). Reduced frequency of knowledge of results enhances motor skill learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 677–691. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.16.4.677
  • Yin, R. K. (2013). Case study design research and methods. Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Zettin, M., Cubelli, R., Perino, C., & Rago, R. (1995). Impairment of letter formation: The case of ideomotor apraxic agraphia. Aphasiology, 9, 283–294. doi:10.1080/02687039508248205

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.