Bilingualism and the severity of poststroke aphasia

References

• Abutalebi, J., Canini, M., Della Rosa, P. A., Green, D. W., & Weekes, B. S. (2015). The neuroprotective effects of bilingualism upon the inferior parietal lobule: A structural neuroimaging study in aging Chinese bilinguals. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 33, 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2014.09.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adesope, O. O., Lavin, T., Thompson, T., & Ungerleider, C. (2010). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cognitive correlates of bilingualism. Review of Educational Research., 80, 207–245. doi:10.3102/0034654310368803
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alladi, S., Bak, T. H., Duggirala, V., Surampudi, B., Shailaja, M., Shukla, A. K., … Kaul, S. (2013). Bilingualism delays age at onset of dementia, independent of education and immigration status. Neurology, 81, 1938–1944. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000436620.33155.a4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alladi, S., Bak, T. H., Mekala, S., Gollahalli, D., Rajan, A., Surampudi, B., … Kaul, S. (2017). Bilingualism delays the onset of behavioral but not aphasic forms of frontotemporal dementia. Neuropsychologia, 99, 207–212. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.03.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alladi, S., Bak, T. H., Mekala, S., Rajan, A., Chaudhuri, J. R., Mioshi, E., … Kaul, S. (2016). Impact of bilingualism on cognitive outcome after stroke. Stroke, 47, 258–261. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010418/-/DC1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alladi, S., Iyer, G. K., Dutt, A., Ellajosyula, R., Ghosh, A., Nehra, A., … Tripathi, M. (2015, Sep). Harmonizing research in vascular cognitive impairment across educational levels and languages. Annals of Indian Academy Neurology, 18, S18–S40.
   Google Scholar
• Alladi, S., Mekala, S., Chadalawada, S. K., Jala, S., Mridula, R., & Kaul, S. (2011). Subtypes of dementia: A study from a memory clinic in India. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 32, 32–38. doi:10.1159/000329862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bak, T., & Mehmedbegovic, D. (2017). Healthy linguistic diet: The value of linguistic diversity and language learning across the lifespan. Languages, Society & Policy, No, 1, 1–9. doi:10.17863/CAM.9854
   Google Scholar
• Bak, T. H. (2016). The impact of bilingualism on cognitive ageing and dementia. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 6, 205–226. doi:10.1075/lab.15002.bak
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bak, T. H. (2016a). Cooking pasta in La Paz. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 6, 699–717. doi:10.1075/lab.16002.bak
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bak, T. H., & Alladi, S. (2016). Bilingualism, dementia and the tale of many variables: Why we need to move beyond the Western World. Commentary on Lawton et al. (2015) and Fuller-Thomson (2015). Cortex, 74, 315–317. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bak, T. H., Nissan, J. J., Allerhand, M. M., & Deary, I. J. (2014). Does bilingualism influence cognitive aging? Annals of Neurology, 75, 959–963. doi:10.1002/ana.24158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, E. A. (2011). The effects of second language proficiency and linguistic distance on cognitive abilities in bilingual children ( Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. doi: 10.5353/th_b4722941
   Google Scholar
• Berthier, M. L., Ralph, M. A. L., Pujol, J., & Green, C. (2012). Arcuate fasciculus variability and repetition: The left sometimes can be right. Cortex, 48, 133–143. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.06.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berthier, M. L., Walsh, S. F., Dávila, G., Nabrozidis, A., Alfaro, F., & García-Casares, N. (2013). Dissociated repetition deficits in aphasia can reflect flexible interactions between left dorsal and ventral streams and gender-dimorphic architecture of the right dorsal stream. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00873
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beveridge, M. E., & Bak, T. H. (2011). The languages of aphasia research: Bias and diversity. Aphasiology, 25, 1451–1468. doi:10.1080/02687038.2011.624165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beveridge, M. E., & Bak, T. H. (2012). Beyond one-way streets: The interaction of phonology, morphology, and culture with orthography. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 35, 280–281. doi:10.1017/S0140525X12000143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., & Freedman, M. (2007). Bilingualism as a protection against the onset of symptoms of dementia. Neuropsychologia, 45, 459–464. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., Green, D. W., & Gollan, T. H. (2009). Bilingual minds. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 10, 89–129. doi:10.1177/1529100610387084
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., & Luk, G. (2008). Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34, 859–873. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., & Luk, G. (2012). Bilingualism: Consequences for mind and brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 240–250. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Census of India. (1961). India. Office of the Registrar General. v. 6, pt. 6, no. 1. Manager of Publications 1964.
   Google Scholar
• Census of India. (2011). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
   Google Scholar
• Code, C., & Rowley, D. (1987). Age and aphasia type: The interaction of sex, time since onset and handedness. Aphasiology, 1, 339–345. doi:10.1080/02687038708248854
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (pp. 2). Hilsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Craik, F. I. M., Bialystok, E., & Freedman, M. (2010). Delaying the onset of Alzheimer disease: Bilingualism as a form of cognitive reserve. Neurology, 75, 1726–1729. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181fc2a1c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Bruin, A., Bak, T. H., & Della Sala, S. (2015). Examining the effects of active versus inactive bilingualism on executive control in a carefully matched non-immigrant sample. Journal of Memory and Language, 85, 15–26. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2015.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Bruin, A., Della Sala, S., & Bak, T. H. (2016). The effects of language use on lexical processing in bilinguals. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 31, 967–974. doi:10.1080/23273798.2016.1190024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demeurisse, G., Demol, O., Derouck, M., de Beuckelaer, R., Coekaerts, M. J., & Capon, A. (1980). Quantitative study of the rate of recovery from aphasia due to ischemic stroke. Stroke, 11, 455–458. doi:10.1161/01.STR.11.5.455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felton, A., Vazquez, D., Ramos-Nunez, A. I., Greene, M. R., Macbeth, A., Hernandez, A. E., & Chiarello, C. (2017). Bilingualism influences structural indices of interhemispheric organization. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 42, 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2016.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaber, T. A. Z., Parsons, F., & Gautam, V. (2011). Validation of the language component of the Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination–Revised (ACE‐R) as a screening tool for aphasia in stroke patients. Australian Journal on Ageing, 30, 156–158. doi:10.1111/j.1741-6612.2010.00466.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., & Werner, G. A. (2002). Semantic and letter fluency in Spanish-English bilinguals. Neuropsychology, 16, 562–576. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.16.4.562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, A, Dennis, N. A, & Li, P. (2014). Cognitive control, cognitive reserve, and memory in the aging bilingual brain. Frontiers in Psychology, 5. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, D. W. (1998). Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 67–81.
   Google Scholar
• Green, D. W., & Abutalebi, J. (2013). Language control in bilinguals: The adaptive control hypothesis. Journal of Cognitive Psychology (Hove, England), 25, 515–530. doi:10.1017/S1366728998000133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzmán-Vélez, E., & Tranel, D. (2015). Does bilingualism contribute to cognitive reserve? Cognitive and neural perspectives. Neuropsychology, 29, 139–150. doi:10.1080/20445911.2013.796377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hämäläinen, S., Sairanen, V., Leminen, A., & Lehtonen, M. (2017). Bilingualism modulates the white matter structure of language-related pathways. NeuroImage, 152, 249–257. doi:10.1037/neu0000105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillis, A. E., & Tippett, D. C. (2014). Stroke recovery: Surprising influences and residual consequences. Advances in Medicine, 2014, 1–10. doi:10.1155/2014/378263
   Google Scholar
• Hodges, J. R., Berrios, G., & Breen, K. (2000). The multidisciplinary memory clinic approach. In G. Berrios & H. Jr (Eds.), Memory disorders in psychiatric practice (pp. 101–121). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hope, T. M., Jones, Ō. P., Grogan, A., Crinion, J., Rae, J., Ruffle, L., & Green, D. W. (2015). Comparing language outcomes in monolingual and bilingual stroke patients. Brain, 138, 1070–1083. doi:10.1093/brain/awv020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaul, S., Sunitha, P., Suvarna, A., Meena, A. K., Uma, M., & Reddy, J. M. (2002). Subtypes of ischemic stroke in a metropolitan city of South India (one year data from a hospital based stroke registry). Neurology India, 50, S8–S15. ( ISSN: 0028-3886)
   Google Scholar
• Kerrigan, L., Thomas, M. S. C., Bright, P., & Filippi, R. (2016). Evidence of an advantage in visuo-spatial memory for bilingual compared to monolingual speakers. Bilingualism: Language And Cognition, 1–11. doi:10.1017/S1366728915000917
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laska, A. C., Hellblom, A., Murray, V., Kahan, T., & Von Arbin, M. (2001). Aphasia in acute stroke and relation to outcome. Journal of International Medicine, 249, 413–422. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00812.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lendrem, W. E. N. D. Y., & Lincoln, N. B. (1985). Spontaneous recovery of language in patients with aphasia between 4 and 34 weeks after stroke. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 48, 743–748. doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.8.743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leyton, C. E., Hornberger, M., Mioshi, E., & Hodges, J. R. (2010). Application of Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination to diagnosis and monitoring of progressive primary aphasia. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 29, 504–509. doi:10.1159/000313980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathuranath, P. S., Hodges, J. R., Mathew, R., Cherian, P. J., George, A., & Bak, T. H. (2004). Adaptation of the ACE for a Malayalam speaking population in southern India. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19, 1188–1194. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohanty, A. K. (1994). Bilingualism in multilingual society: Psychosocial and pedagogical implications. Mysore, India: Central Institute of Indian Languages.
   Google Scholar
• National Classification of Occupations (NCO). (2004). CSO, Director General of Employment and Training, Ministry of Labour, Government of India, CS-1; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Paradis, M. (1987). Bilingual aphasia test. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Pendlebury, S. T., Mariz, J., Bull, L., Mehta, Z., & Rothwell, P. M. (2012). MoCA, ACE-R, and MMSE versus the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network Vascular Cognitive Impairment Harmonization Standards Neuropsychological Battery after TIA and stroke. Stroke, 43, 464–469. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.633586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penn, C., Frankel, T., Watermeyer, J., & Russell, N. (2010). Executive function and conversational strategies in bilingual aphasia. Aphasiology, 24, 288–308. doi:10.1080/02687030902958399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perani, D., Abutalebi, J., Paulesu, E., Brambati, S., Scifo, P., Cappa, S. F., & Fazio, F. (2003). The role of age of acquisition and language usage in early, high‐proficient bilinguals: An fMRI study during verbal fluency. Human Brain Mapping, 19, 170–182. doi:10.1002/hbm.10110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perani, D., Farsad, M., Ballarini, T., Lubian, F., Malpetti, M., Fracchetti, A., … Abutalebi, J. (2017). The impact of bilingualism on brain reserve and metabolic connectivity in Alzheimer’s dementia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114, 1690–1695. doi:10.1073/pnas.1610909114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perani, P., & Abutalebi, J. (2015). Bilingualism, dementia, cognitive and neural reserve. Current Opinion in Neurology, 28, 618–625. doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portocarrero, J. S., Burright, R. G., & Donovick, P. J. (2007). Vocabulary and verbal fluency of bilingual and monolingual college students. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22, 415–422. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2007.01.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogalsky, C., Poppa, T., Chen, K. H., Anderson, S. W., Damasio, H., Love, T., & Hickok, G. (2015). Speech repetition as a window on the neurobiology of auditory–Motor integration for speech: A voxel-based lesion symptom mapping study. Neuropsychologia, 71, 18–27. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweizer, T. A., Ware, J., Fischer, C. E., Craik, F. I., & Bialystok, E. (2012). Bilingualism as a contributor to cognitive reserve: Evidence from brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease. Cortex, 48, 991–996. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.04.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seniów, J., Litwin, M., & Leśniak, M. (2009). The relationship between non-linguistic cognitive deficits and language recovery in patients with aphasia. Journal of Neurological Science, 283, 91–94. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valian, V. (2015). Bilingualism and cognition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18, 3–24. doi:10.1017/S1366728914000522
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasanta. (2011). Researching multilingualism in India: A critical review of concepts. Journal of Indian Speech and Hearing Association, 25, 71–81.
   Google Scholar
• Vasanta, D., Suvarna, A., Sireesha, J., & Raju, S. B. (2010). Language choice and language use patterns among Telugu-Hindi/Urdu-English speakers in Hyderabad, India. Proceedings of the International Conference on Language, Society and Culture in Asian Contexts, 57–67.
   Google Scholar
• Vukovic, M., Vuksanovic, J., & Vukovic, I. (2008). Comparison of the recovery patterns of language and cognitive functions in patients with post-traumatic language processing deficits and in patients with aphasia following a stroke. Journal of Communication Disorders, 41, 531–552. doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2008.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallesch, C. W., Bak, T. H., & Schulte-Moenting, J. (1992). Acute aphasia: Patterns and prognosis. Aphasiology, 6, 373–385. doi:10.1080/02687039208248608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woumans, E., Santens, P., Sieben, A., Versijpt, J., Stevens, M., & Duyck, W. (2015). Bilingualism delays clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease. Bilingualism Language and Cognition, 18, 568–574. doi:10.1017/S136672891400087X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar