References
- La Fata V, McLean N, Wise SK, et al. CSF leaks: correlation of high-resolution CT and multiplanar reformations with intraoperative endoscopic findings. Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:536–41.
- Ommaya AK. Spinal fluid fistulae. Clin Neurosurg 1976;23:363–92.
- Saatci I, Geyik S, Yavuz K, Cekirge HS. Endovascular treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations with prolonged intranidal Onyx injection technique: long-term results in 350 consecutive patients with completed endovascular treatment course. J Neurosurg 2011;115:78–88.
- Briggs RJ, Wormald PJ. Endoscopic transnasal intradural repair of anterior skull base cerebrospinal fluid fistulae. J Clin Neurosci 2004;11:597–9.
- Gilat H, Rappaport Z, Yaniv E. Endoscopic transnasal cerebrospinal fluid leak repair: a 10 year experience. Isr Med Assoc J 2011;13:597–600.
- McMains KC, Gross CW, Kountakis SE. Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Laryngoscope 2004;114:1833–7.
- Rohde V, Behm T, Ludwig H, Wachter D. The role of neuronavigation in intracranial endoscopic procedures. Neurosurg Rev 2012;35:351–8.
- Hodel J, Silvera J, Bekaert O, et al. Intracranial cerebrospinal fluid spaces imaging using a pulse-triggered three-dimensional turbo spin echo MR sequence with variable flip-angle distribution. Eur Radiol 2011;21:402–10.
- Algin O, Turkbey B, Ozmen E, et al. Evaluation of spontaneous third ventriculostomy by three-dimensional sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolutions (3D-SPACE) sequence by 3T MR imaging: preliminary results with variant flip-angle mode. J Neuroradiol 2013;40:11–18.
- Jayakumar PN, Kovoor JM, Srikanth SG, Praharaj SS. 3D steady-state MR cisternography in CSF rhinorrhoea. Acta Radiol 2001;42:582–4.
- El GT, Sobol W, Wadlington VR, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid fistula: detection with MR cisternography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:627–31.
- Anverali JK, Hassaan AA, Saleh HA. Endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure for repair of lateral frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak. J Laryngol Otol 2009;123:145–7.
- Liu HS, Chen YT, Wang D, et al. The use of topical intranasal fluorescein in endoscopic endonasal repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Surg Neurol 2009;72:341–5.
- Ecin G, Oner AY, Tokgoz N, et al. T2-weighted vs. intrathecal contrast-enhanced MR cisternography in the evaluation of CSF rhinorrhea. Acta Radiol 2013;54:698–701.
- Ozturk K, Karabagli H, Bulut S, et al. Is the use of topical fluorescein helpful for management of CSF leakage. Laryngoscope 2012;122:1215–18.
- Kerr JT, Chu FW, Bayles SW. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: diagnosis and management. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2005;38:597–611.
- Rice DH. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;11:19–22.
- Warnecke A, Averbeck T, Wurster U, et al. Diagnostic relevance of beta2-transferrin for the detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:1178–84.
- Chan DT, Poon WS, IP CP, et al. How useful is glucose detection in diagnosing cerebrospinal fluid leak? The rational use of CT and Beta-2 transferrin assay in detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Asian J Surg 2004;27:39–42.
- Selcuk H, Albayram S, Ozer H, et al. Intrathecal gadolinium-enhanced MR cisternography in the evaluation of CSF leakage. Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:71–5.
- Arbelaez A, Medina E, Rodriguez M, et al. Intrathecal administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine for MR cisternography of nasoethmoidal CSF fistula. Am J Roentgenol 2007;188:W560–4.
- Algin O, Hakyemez B, Gokalp G, et al. The contribution of 3D-CISS and contrast-enhanced MR cisternography in detecting cerebrospinal fluid leak in patients with rhinorrhoea. Br J Radiol 2010;83:225–32.
- Kato Y, Higano S, Tamura H, et al. Usefulness of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions in detection of small brain metastasis at 3T MR imaging: comparison with magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:923–9.
- Haystead CM, Dale BM, Merkle EM. N/2 ghosting artifacts: elimination at 3.0-T MR cholangiography with SPACE pulse sequence. Radiology 2008;246:589–95.
- Dodson EE, Gross CW, Swerdloff JL, Gustafson LM. Transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and skull base defects: a review of twenty-nine cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994;111:600–5.
- Martin TJ, Loehrl TA. Endoscopic CSF leak repair. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007;15:35–9.
- Hegazy HM, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, et al. Transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: a meta-analysis. Laryngoscope 2000;110:1166–72.
- Tabaee A, Kassenoff TL, Kacker A, Anand VK. The efficacy of computer assisted surgery in the endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;133:936–43.
- Coenen VA, Dammert S, Reinges MH, et al. Image-guided microneurosurgical management of small cerebral arteriovenous malformations: the value of navigated computed tomographic angiography. Neuroradiology 2005;47:66–72.