What is the Role of Universities in High-tech Economic Development? The Case of Portland, Oregon, and Washington, DC

References

• Archibugi , D and Pianta , M . 1996 . “ Innovation surveys and patents as technology indicators: the state of the art, in: OECD (Ed.) ” . In Innovation, Patents and Technological Strategies Paris (OECD)
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson , RD and Gottlieb , PD . 2001 . The Metropolitan New Economy Index. Benchmarking Economic Transformation in the Nation's Metropolitan Areas , Washington DC : Progressive Policy Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Boucher , G , Conway , C and Van Der Meer , E . 2003 . Tiers of engagement by universities in their region's development . Regional Studies , 37 ( 9 ) : 887 – 897 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braczyk , H-J , Cooke , P and Heidenreich , M . 1998 . Regional Innovation Systems: The Role of Governance in a Globalized World , London : UCL Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker , B . June 30 2004 . “ Biotech firm building in Prince William ” . In The Washington Post p. E05
   Google Scholar
• Castells , M and Hall , P . 1994 . Technopoles of the World: The Making of 21st Century Industrial Complexes , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Chapple , K , Markusen , A , Schrock , G , Yamamoto , D and Yu , P . 2004 . Gauging metropolitan ‘High-Tech’ and ‘I-Tech’ activity . Economic Development Quarterly , 18 ( 1 ) : 10 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chea , T . 2001 February 1 . “ Building the ‘Bell Labs’ of biology ” . In The Washington Post p. E05
   Google Scholar
• Cortright , J and Mayer , H . 2000 . The Ecology of the Silicon Forest , Portland , OR : Institute for Portland Metropolitan Studies, Portland State University .
   Google Scholar
• Cortright , J and Mayer , H . 2001 . High Tech Specialization: A Comparison of High Technology Centers (Survey Series) , Washington , DC : The Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar
• Cortright , J and Mayer , H . 2002 . Signs of Life: The Growth of Biotechnology Centers in the U.S. , Washington DC : The Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar
• Cortright , J and Mayer , H . 2004 . Increasingly rank: the use and misuse of rankings in economic development . Economic Development Quarterly , 18 ( 1 ) : 34 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crevoisier , O and Maillat , D . 1991 . “ Milieu, industrial organization and territorial production system: towards a new theory of spatial development ” . In Innovation Networks: Spatial Perspectives , Edited by: Camagni , R. London : Belhaven Press .
   Google Scholar
• DeVol , RC . 1999 . America's High Tech Economy: Growth, Development and Risks for Metropolitan Areas , Santa Monica , CA : Milken Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz , H . 2001 . “ The entrepreneurial university and the emergence of democratic corporatism ” . In Universities and the Global Knowledge Economy: A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations , Edited by: Etzkowitz , H. and Leydesdorff , L. 141 – 152 . New York : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz , H and Leydesdorff , L . 1995 . The triple helix of university-industry-government relations: a laboratory for knowledge based economic development . EASST Review , 14 ( 1 ) : 11 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz , H and Leydesdorff , L . 2001a . “ Introduction: Universities in the global knowledge economy ” . In Universities and the Global Knowledge Economy: A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations , Edited by: Etzkowitz , H. and Leydesdorff , L. 1 – 8 . New York : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz , H and Leydesdorff , L . 2001b . Universities and the Global Knowledge Economy: A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations , New York : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz , H , Webster , A , Gebhardt , C and Terra , BRC . 2000 . The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm . Research Policy , 29 : 313 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman , M . 1994 . The university and economic development: the case of Johns Hopkins University and Baltimore . Economic Development Quarterly , 8 ( 1 ) : 67 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , M . 2001 . The entrepreneurial event revisited: firm formation in a regional context . Industrial and Corporate Change , 10 ( 4 ) : 861 – 891 .
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , M . 2003 . The locational dynamics of the US biotech industry: knowledge externalities and the anchor hypothesis . Industry and Innovation , 10 ( 3 ) : 311 – 328 .
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , M and Desrochers , P . 2003 . Research universities and local economic development: lessons from the history of the Johns Hopkins University . Industry and Innovation , 10 ( 1 ) : 5 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , M and Desrochers , P . “ (Forthcoming) Truth for its own sake: Academic culture and technology transfer at Johns Hopkins University ” . Minerva
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , M and Francis , J . 2003 . Fortune favors the prepared region: the case of entrepreneurship and the Capitol region biotechnology cluster . European Planning Studies , 11 ( 7 ) : 765 – 788 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florida , R and Kenney , M . 1990 . The Breakthrough Illusion: Corporate America's Failure to Move from Innovation to Mass Production , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Fogarty , MS and Sinha , AK . 1999 . “ Why older regions can't generalize from Route 128 and Silicon Valley: university-industry relationships and regional innovation systems ” . In Industrializing Knowledge: University-Industry Linkages in Japan and the United States , Edited by: Branscomb , L. M. , Kodama , F. and Florida , R. Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Garrau , J . 1992 . Edge City: Life on the New Frontier , New York : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• George Mason University . 2004 . About the Prince William Campus. George Mason University. Retrieved October 10, 2004, from the World Wide Web: http://princewilliam.gmu.edu/about.html
   Google Scholar
• Gray , M , Golob , E and Markusen , A . 1996 . Big firms, long arms, wide shoulders: the ‘hub-and-spoke’ industrial district in the Seattle region . Regional Studies , 30 ( 7 ) : 651(616)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , M , Golob , E and Markusen , A . 1999 . “ Seattle: a classic hub-and-spoke region ” . In Second Tier Cities: Rapid Growth beyond the Metropolis , Edited by: Markusen , A. , Lee , Y.-S. and DiGiovanna , S. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota .
   Google Scholar
• Greater Washington Initiative . 2003 . Greater Washington Research & Development Facilities Directory , Washington , DC : Great Washington Board of Trace .
   Google Scholar
• Gulbrandsen , M . 2001 . “ Universities and industrial competitive advantage ” . In Universities and the Global Knowledge Economy: a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations , Edited by: Etzkowitz , H. and Leydesdorff , L. 121 – 140 . New York : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , B . 1992 . Industrial districts: old wine in new bottles? . Regional Studies , 26 ( 5 ) : 469 – 483 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirst , P and Zeitlin , J . 1991 . Flexible specialization versus post-Fordism: theory, evidence and policy implications . Economy and Society , 20 ( 1 ) : 1 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyce , A . 28 March 2002 . “ Making Loudoun a center for research ” . In The Washington Post p. LZ05
   Google Scholar
• Kittower , D . 1997 September 12 . “ Innovation is centerpiece of Prince William success ” . In Washington Business Journal
   Google Scholar
• Lee , MM . 1986 . Winning with People: the First 40 Years of Tektronix , Portland : Tektronix, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Leslie , SW . 1993 . The Cold War and American Science: the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex at MIT and Stanford , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Leslie , SW and Kargon , RH . 1994 . Electronics and the geography of innovation in post-war America . History and Technology , 11 : 217 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Leslie , SW and Kargon , RH . 1996 . Selling Silicon Valley: Frederick Terman's model for regional advantage . Business History Review , 70 : 435 – 472 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luger , M and Goldstein , H . 1990 . Technology in the Garden , Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Luger , M and Goldstein , H . 1997 . “ What is the role of public universities in regional economic development? ” . In Dilemmas of Urban Economic Development , Edited by: Bingham , R. and Mier , R. Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Lundvall , B-A and Johnson , B . 1994 . The learning economy . Journal of Industry Studies , 1 ( 2 ) : 23 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Markusen , A , Hall , P , Campbell , S and Deitrick , S . 1991 . The Rise of the Gunbelt: the Military Remapping of Industrial America , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , H . 2003 . Taking root in the Silicon Forest: the role of high technology firms as surrogate universities in Portland, Oregon. Unpublished Dissertation, Portland State University, Portland, OR
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , H . 2005a . The homeland security industry and its impact on the Arlington, Virginia, economy [Issue Paper No. 7]. Arlington Economic Development. Retrieved November 21, 2005, from the World Wide Web: http://www.arlingtonvirginiausa.com/docs/homeland_security_short.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , H . 2005b . Taking root in the Silicon Forest: The role of high technology firms as surrogate universities in Portland, Oregon . Journal of the American Planning Association , 71 ( 3 ) : 318 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer , H , Holzheimer , T and Glidden , H . 2005 . Fostering emerging technology sectors in Arlington County: an economic development strategy for knowledge creation and innovation . Economic Development Journal , 4 ( 1 ) : 7 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1999 . “ The response of higher education institutions to regional needs. ” . OECD. Retrieved April 4, 2006, from the World Wide Web: http://www.mszs.si/eurydice/pub/oecd/response.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Oregon Business . 2004 . “ Research Oregon: A special report on college and university research programs. ” . Portland , OR
   Google Scholar
• Oregon Council for Knowledge and Economic Development . Renewing Oregon's economy: growing jobs and industries through innovation.A report from the Oregon Council for Knowledge and Economic Development. , Portland
   Google Scholar
• Pearlstein , S . 2004 . Getting out of biotech's second tier . The Washington Post , September 8 : E01
   Google Scholar
• Piore , M and Sabel , C . 1984 . The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Porter , M . 2000 . Location, competition, and economic development: local clusters in a global economy . Economic Development Quarterly , 14 ( 1 ) : 15 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Progressive Policy Institute . 2001 . The Metropolitan New Economy Index. Retrieved June 27, 2006, from the World Wide Web: http://neweconomyindex.org/metro
   Google Scholar
• Saxenian , A . 1985 . “ The genesis of Silicon Valley ” . In Silicon Landscapes , Edited by: Hall , P. and Markusen , A. 20 – 34 . Boston : Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Saxenian , A . 1994 . Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 , Cambridge : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smilor , RW , Gibson , DV and Kozmetsky , G . 1989 . Creating the technopolis: high-technology development in Austin, Texas . Journal of Business Venturing , 4 : 49 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , D and Alexander , R . 1988 . Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, then Ignored the First Personal Computer , New York : William Morrow .
   Google Scholar
• State Council of Higher Education for Virginia . 2002 . “ Condition of research at Virginia Colleges & Universities ” .
   Google Scholar
• Virginia Research & Technology Advisory Committee . 2003a . “ Report of the VRTAC Sub-committee on: the creation of new high-technology industries in Virginia ” .
   Google Scholar
• Virginia Research & Technology Advisory Committee . 2003b . “ Research & development strategies for the Commonwealth of Virginia: a report of the Virginia Research & Technology Advisory Commission ” .
   Google Scholar
• Walcott , SM . 2002 . Analyzing an Innovative Environment: San Diego as a Bioscience Beachhead . Economic Development Quarterly , 16 ( 2 ) : 99 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walshok , M , Furtek , E , Lee , C and Windham , P . 2002 . Building regional innovation capacity: the San Diego experience . Industry & Higher Education , 16 ( 1 ) : 27 – 42 .
   Google Scholar