Savings and the informal sector

References

• Alderman, H. 1996. “Saving and Economic Shocks in Rural Pakistan.” Journal of Development Economics 51: 343–365. doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(96)00419-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade, R., and A. Guillen. 2014. Understanding domestic savings in Peru, Manuscript, Apoyo Consultoría.
   Google Scholar
• Badaoui, E., E. Strobl, and F. Walsh. 2008. “Is There an Informal Wage Penalty: Evidence from South Africa.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 56: 125–161. doi:10.1086/533550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee, A., and E. Duflo. 2003. “Inequality and Growth: What Can the Data Say?” Journal of Economic Growth 3: 267–299. doi:10.1023/A:1026205114860.
   Google Scholar
• Bargain, O., and P. Kwenda. 2010. “Is Informality Bad: Evidence from Brazil, Mexico and South Africa.” Institute of Labour, Discussion Paper No. 4711.
   Google Scholar
• Barro, R. J. 2000. “Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries.” Journal of Economic Growth 5: 5–32. doi:10.1023/A:1009850119329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckmann, E., M. Hake, and J. Urvova. 2013. “Determinants of Households’ Savings in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The Oesterreichische Nationalbank.” Vienna, Austria: Focus on European Economic Integration, Q3/13.
   Google Scholar
• Bekkers, H., and W. Stoffers. 1995. “Measuring Informal Sector Employment in Pakistan: Testing a New Methodology.” International Labor Review 134: 17–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin, N., and A. Mbaye. 2012. “The Informal Sector, Productivity, and Enforcement in West Africa: A Firm-level Analysis.” Review of Development Economics 16: 664–680. doi:10.1111/rode.2012.16.issue-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blundell, R., and A. Duncan. 1998. “Kernel Methods in Empirical Microeconomics.” Journal of Human Resources 33: 62–87. doi:10.2307/146315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botero, J., S. Djankov, R. La Porta, F. Lopez-de-Silanes, and A. Shleifer. 2003. “The Regulation of Labor National Bureau of Economic Research.” Working Paper no, 9756.
   Google Scholar
• Browning, M., and A. Lusardi. 1996. “Household Saving: Micro Saving and Micro Facts.” Journal of Economic Literature 34: 1797–1855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butelmann, A., and F. Gallego. 2000. “Household Saving in Chile: Microeconomic Evidence.” Journal Economía Chilena 3: 5–24.
   Google Scholar
• Carroll, C. 1997. “Buffer-stock Saving and the Life Cycle/Permanent Income Hypothesis.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 112: 1–55. doi:10.1162/003355397555109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, C. 1998. “Why Do the Rich Save so Much? National Bureau of Economic Research.” Working Paper No. 6549.
   Google Scholar
• Charmes, J. 2000. “The Contribution of the Informal Sector to GDP in Developing Countries: Assessment, Estimates, Methods, Orientations for the Future.” 4th Meeting of the Delhi Group on Informal Sector Statistics. Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• Choi, J. P., and M. Thum. 2005. “Corruption and the Shadow Economy.” International Economic Review 46: 817–836. doi:10.1111/iere.2005.46.issue-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, A. 2015. “Terms of Trade Shocks and Private Savings in the Developing Countries.” Journal of Comparative Economics 43: 1122–1134. doi:10.1016/j.jce.2015.02.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cule, M., and M. Fulton. 2009. “Business Culture and Tax Evasion: Why Corruption and the Unofficial Economy Can Persist.” Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation 72: 811–822. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2009.08.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabla-Norris, E., M. Gradstein, and G. Inchauste. 2008. “What Causes Firms to Hide Output? the Determinants of Informality.” Journal of Development Economics 85: 1–27. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.05.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Soto, H. 1989. The Other Path. New York: Harper and Row.
   Google Scholar
• Deaton, A. 1991. “Saving and Liquidity Constraints.” Econometrica 59: 1221–1248. doi:10.2307/2938366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dell’Anno, R., and F. Schneider. 2003. “The Shadow Economy of Italy and Other OECD Countries: What Do We Know?” Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 21: 223–245. doi:10.1332/251569203X15668905422009.
   Google Scholar
• Disney, R. 2006. “Household Saving Rates and the Design of Public Pension Programmes: Cross-country Evidence.” National Institute Economic Review 198: 61–74.
   Google Scholar
• Djankov, S., R. La Porta, F. Lopez-de-Salinas, and A. Schleifer. 2002. “The Regulation of Entry.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 117: 1–37. doi:10.1162/003355302753399436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson, S., and C. Ramlogan-Dobson. 2012. “Why Is Corruption Less Harmful to Income Inequality in Latin America?” World Development 40: 1534–1545. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.04.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Docquier, R., T. Muller, and J. Naval. 2017. “Informality and Long Run Growth.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 119: 1040–1085. doi:10.1111/sjoe.12185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreher, A., C. Kotsogiannis, and S. McCorriston. 2009. “How Do Institutions Affect Corruption and the Shadow Economy?” International Tax Public Finance 16: 773–796. doi:10.1007/s10797-008-9089-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgin, C., and R. B. Uras. 2013. “Is Informality a Barrier for Financial Development?” SERIEs 4: 309–331. doi:10.1007/s13209-012-0092-9.
   Google Scholar
• Feige, E. L. 1989. The Underground Economies: Tax Evasion and Information Distortion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Feige, E. L. 1994. “The Underground Economy and the Currency Enigma.” Supplement to Public Finance/Finances Publiques 49: 119–136.
   Google Scholar
• Feiss, N., H. Fugazza, and W. F. Maloney. 2010. “Informal Self-employment and Macroeconomic Fluctuations.” Journal of Development Economics 91: 211–226. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.09.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, J. 1990. “Describing Univariate Distributions.” In Modern Methods of Data Analysis, edited by J. Fox and J. S. Long, 58–125. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Freytab, A. 2013. “Institutions and Savings in Developing and Emerging Economies.” Public Choice 157: 475–509. doi:10.1007/s11127-013-0121-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, M. 1953. Essays in Positive Economics. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gale, W. G., and P. Orszag. 2004. “Budget Deficits, National Savings and Interest Rate.” Paper Prepared for the Brookings Panel on Economic Activity September. doi:10.1353/eca.2005.0007.
   Google Scholar
• Gelb, A., T. Mengistae, V. Ramachandran, and M. K. Shah. 2009. “To Formalize or Not to Formalize? Comparisons of Microenterprise Data from Southern and East Africa.” http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMACRO/Resources/InformalFirmsAfricaGelbMengistaeRamachandran-Shah1292009.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Granada, C., and F. Hamann. 2015. “Informality, Saving and Wealth Inequality.” Borradores de Economia No. 873.
   Google Scholar
• Grigoli, F., A. Herman, and K. Schmidt-Hebbel. 2014. “World Saving.” International Monetary Fund Working Paper. WP/14/204. doi:10.5089/9781475545517.001.
   Google Scholar
• Härdle, W. 1990. Applied Non-parametric Regression. Econometric Society Monographs Series 19. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, H. 1996. “Openness and Growth: A Time Series, Cross-country Analysis for Developing Countries.” Journal of Development Economics 48: 419–447. doi:10.1016/0304-3878(95)00042-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horioka, C. Y., and A. Hagiwara. 2011. “The Determinants and Long Term Projections of Savings Rates in Developing Asia.” National Institute Economic Review, Working Paper No. 17581.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, S., D. Kaufmann, A. Shleifer, M. I. Goldman, and M. L. Weitzman. 1997. “The Unofficial Economy in Transition.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2: 159–239. doi:10.2307/2534688.
   Google Scholar
• Khamis, M. 2012. “Is Informal Sector Work an Alternative to Workfare Benefits? the Case of Pre-program Expansion and Economic Crisis.” Review of Development Economics 16: 579–593. doi:10.1111/rode.2012.16.issue-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leff, N. H. 1964. “Dependency Rates and Savings Rates.” American Economic Review 68: 886–898.
   Google Scholar
• Lipton, M. 1980. “Migration of Rural Areas of Poor Countries: The Impact on Rural Productivity and Income Distribution.” World Development 8: 1–24. doi:10.1016/0305-750X(80)90047-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loayza, N. 1996. “The Economics of the Informal Sector: A Simple Model and Some Evidence from Latin America.” Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 45: 129–162.
   Google Scholar
• Loayza, N. 2016. “Informality in the Process of Development and Growth.” Policy Research Working Paper Series 7858. World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Loayza, N., and J. Rigolini. 2011. “Informal Employment: Safety Net or Growth Engine.” World Development 39: 1503–1515. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loayza, N., K. Schmidt-Hebbel, and L. Serven. 2000. “What Drives Private Saving across the World.” Review of Economic and Statistics 82: 165–181. doi:10.1162/003465300558678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loayza, N., and R. Shankar. 2000. “Private Savings in India.” The World Bank Economic Review 14: 571–594. doi:10.1093/wber/14.3.571.
   Google Scholar
• Masson, P., T. Bayoumi, and H. Samiei. 1998. “International Evidence on the Determinants of Private Savings.” World Bank Economic Review 12: 483–501. doi:10.1093/wber/12.3.483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie, D., and Y. Sakho. 2010. “Does It Pay Firms to Register for Taxes? the Impact of Formality on Firm Profitability.” Journal of Development Economics 91: 15–34. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modigliani, F., and R. Brumberg. 1954. “Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function: An Interpretation of Cross-section Data.” In Post-Keynesian Economics, edited by K. Kurihara, 338–436. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mukerjee, D. 2004. “Informal Manufacturing Growth in India-Pre and Post Reform Growth Dynamics.” Indian Journal of Labour Economics 47: 293–310.
   Google Scholar
• Ogaki, M., J. Ostry, and C. Rheinart. 1995. “Savings Behavior in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Comparison.” International Monetary Fund Working Paper, WP/95/3.
   Google Scholar
• Ordonez, J. 2014. “Tax Collection, the Informal Sector, and Productivity.” Review of Economic Dynamics 17: 262–286. doi:10.1016/j.red.2013.07.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paxson, C. H. 1992. “Using Weather Variability to Estimate the Response of Savings to Transitory Income in Thailand.” American Economic Review 82: 15–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramajo, J., A. Garcia, and M. Ferre. 2006. “Explaining Aggregate Savings Behaviour: New Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries.” Applied Financial Economics Letters 2: 311–315. doi:10.1080/17446540600675582.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, P. 1988. “Root-N-consistent Semiparametric Regression.” Econometrica 56: 931–954. doi:10.2307/1912705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarte, P. D. G. 2000. “Informality and Rent Seeking in a Model of Long Run Growth.” Journal of Monetary Economics 46: 173–197. doi:10.1016/S0304-3932(00)00020-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt-Hebbel, K., and L. Serven. 1999. “Introduction.” In The Economics of Saving and Growth, edited by K. Schmidt-Hebbel and L. Servén, 1–5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, F. 2012. “The Shadow Economy and Work in the Shadow: What Do We (Not) Know?” Institute for the Study of Labor Discussion Paper No. 6423.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, F., A. Buehn, and C. Montenegro. 2010. “New Estimates for the Shadow Economies All over the World.” International Economic Journal 24: 443–461. doi:10.1080/10168737.2010.525974.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, D. 2001. “International Evidence on How Income Inequality and Credit Market Imperfections Affect Private Saving Rates.” Journal of Development Economics 64: 103–127. doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00126-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, P. 1994. “Assessing the Size of the Underground Economy: The Canadian Statistical Perspectives.” Canadian Economic Observer, Catalogue No. 11-010: 16–33.
   Google Scholar
• Swaleheen, M. 2008. “Corruption and Savings in a Panel of Countries.” Journal of Macroeconomics 30: 1285–1301. doi:10.1016/j.jmacro.2007.05.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanzi, V. 1999. “Uses and Abuses of Estimates of the Underground Economy.” Economic Journal 109 (3): 338–347. doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00437.
   Google Scholar
• Tsikata, Y. 1998. “Saving in South Africa: An Empirical Investigation.” unpublished. Washington: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• UNU-WIDER. 2005. http://www.wider.unu.edu/wiid/wiid.htm
   Google Scholar
• Vergara, R. 2001. “Determinantes Del Ahorro Privado.” In Análisis Empírico Del Ahorro En Chile, edited by F. Morandé, R. Vergara, N. Loayza, and K. Schmidt-Hebbel, 83–104. Vol. 1. Santiago, Chile: Central Bank of Chile.
   Google Scholar
• Wand, M. P., and M. C. Jones. 1995. Kernel Smoothing. London: Chapman & Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Winters, L. A. 2004. “Trade Liberalization and Economic Performance: On Overview.” Economic Journal 114: F4–F21. doi:10.1111/j.0013-0133.2004.00185.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2011. “World Development Indicators 2011 (English).” World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Yanikkaya, H. 2003. “Trade Openness and Economic Growth: A Cross-country Empirical Analysis.” Journal of Development Economics 72: 57–89. doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(03)00068-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar